准噶尔盆地中部地区深层西山窑组砂岩成岩作用及其对储层质量评价的启示

张振宇, 张立宽, 罗晓容, 曹斌风, 林会喜, 曾治平, 秦峰, 贺文君, 李超, 雷裕红

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.04.002

天然气地球科学 >

2019 , Vol. 30 >Issue 5: 686 - 700

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.04.002

天然气地质学

准噶尔盆地中部地区深层西山窑组砂岩成岩作用及其对储层质量评价的启示

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1.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,北京 100029；
2.中国科学院大学北京 100049；3.中国石化胜利油田勘探开发研究院,山东东营 257000；
4.中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛 266580

张振宇(1994-)，男，河南鹤壁人，硕士研究生，主要从事储层成岩与油气成藏研究.E-mail：zhenyuzhang0927@163.com.

收稿日期: 2019-03-06

修回日期: 2019-04-02

网络出版日期: 2019-05-29

基金资助

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(编号：XDA14010202)；国家科技重大专项(编号：2017ZX05008-004)；国家自然科学基金(编号：41372151)联合资助.

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Diagenesis of sandstone and its implications for reservoir quality evaluationin the deep Xishanyao Formation in the central Junggar Basin

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1.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China; 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China; 3.Shengli Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute,SINOPEC,Dongying 257000,China; 4.School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China

Received date: 2019-03-06

Revised date: 2019-04-02

Online published: 2019-05-29

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摘要

综合利用薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和X-射线衍射等手段，研究了准噶尔盆地中部永进地区西山窑组砂岩的岩石学特征和成岩特征，讨论了成岩作用对深层储层质量变化的影响和相对优质储层的形成模式。结果表明：西山窑组三角洲前缘亚相砂岩主要是极细粒—中粒岩屑砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩，自生矿物主要是方解石、铁方解石、铁白云石、黏土矿物、硅质及少量沸石类；影响孔隙演化的主要成岩机制包括压实作用,碳酸盐、黏土矿物胶结和溶蚀作用，其中机械压实引起塑性颗粒变形是造成大部分孔隙损失的主要原因，碳酸盐不同程度地充填孔隙也是导致孔隙度降低和非均质性增强的重要原因，绿泥石薄膜可能阻止石英沉淀而保持孔隙，而不稳定颗粒的选择性溶蚀贡献于孔隙的增大；深埋储层的成岩特征很大程度上取决于砂岩粒径和组分，在沉积微相单元内呈现出一定规律性的分布样式，分流河道中下部粒度较粗的砂岩中塑性颗粒含量较低，以压实程度较低、胶结物数量有限、发育绿泥石薄膜和较强的次生溶蚀为特征，形成了相对优质储层。实例研究说明，深层砂岩层内的成岩分布样式受原始沉积作用的制约，这种样式强化了沉积微相和内部结构控制的储层质量变化，因而通过建立沉积与成岩作用的内在关联模式，能够为深埋储层质量预测提供重要的约束。

关键词： 成岩作用; 储层质量; 相对优质储层; 深层; 永进地区

本文引用格式

张振宇, 张立宽, 罗晓容, 曹斌风, 林会喜, 曾治平, 秦峰, 贺文君, 李超, 雷裕红 . 准噶尔盆地中部地区深层西山窑组砂岩成岩作用及其对储层质量评价的启示[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019 , 30(5) : 686 -700 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.04.002

Abstract

Petrology and diagenetic features of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation sandstones in the Yongjin area of the central Junggar Basin are studied,based on an integrated method of thin section,scanning electron microscopy,electron probe and X-ray diffraction.The effects of diagenesis on the deep reservoir quality and the formation of high-quality reservoir rocks are investigated.The Xishanyao Formation sandstones are deposited in delta front facies,and are mainly very fine- to medium- grained litharenites and minor feldspathic litharenites.Authigenic minerals are dominated by combinations of calcite,Fe-calcite,ankerite,clay minerals,quartz,with minor amounts of zeolites and pyrite;Specific diagenetic factors that exert control on reservoir quality include mechanical compaction,carbonate and clay cementation and dissolution.Mechanical compaction is the primary cause of intergranular porosity loss through deformation of ductile grains.Carbonates fill residual intergranular pores and this causes the important diagenetic damages resulting in porosity reduction and enhancing reservoir heterogeneity.Chlorite coats may preserve porosity through the inhibition of pore-filling quartz cementation.The selective dissolution of unstable grains enhances porosity.The diagenetic patterns are mainly governed by detrital grain size and composition.Fairly moderate mechanical compaction,limited cementation,extensive chlorite precipitation and dissolution mainly occur in relatively coarser-grained sandstones in the middle-lower part of a distributary channel that contains less abundant ductile grains.Thus these coarser-grained sandstones constitute high-quality reservoir rocks in the Xishanyao Formation.This study shows that diagenetic pattern in deep sandstones is determined by original depositional environment,and reservoir quality distribution is fundamentally related to depositional facies and internal architectural structure of a reservoir.Therefore,unravelling the relationship between initial depositional conditions and diagenetic processes can provide insight into reservoir quality prediction for deep sandstones.

Key words： Diagenesis; Reservoir quality; High-quality reservoir; Deep strata; Yongjin area

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