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深部流体在富有机质烃源岩形成中的作用

刘佳宜，刘全有，朱东亚，孟庆强，刘文汇，邱登峰，黄振凯   

  1. 1.页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室，北京 100083；
    2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083；
    3.西北大学，陕西 西安 710069
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-14 修回日期:2017-11-02 出版日期:2018-02-10 发布日期:2018-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘全有（1975-），男，山西朔州人，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事油气地质与地球化学研究. E-mail:liuqy.syky@sinopec.com.
  • 作者简介:刘佳宜（1993-），女，内蒙古呼伦贝尔人，助理工程师，硕士，主要从事岩石地球化学研究.E-mail：liujy.syky@sinopec.com.
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）项目（编号：XDA14010404）；国家杰出青年科学基金项目“成烃—成藏油气地球化学”（编号：41625009）联合资助.

The role of deep fluid in the formation of organic-rich source rocks

Liu Jia-yi，Liu Quan-you，Zhu Dong-ya，Meng Qing-qiang，Liu Wen-hui，Qiu Deng-feng，Huang Zhen-kai
 
  

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development，Beijing 100083，China；
    2.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production，Sinopec，Beijing 100083，China；
    3.Northwest University，Xi’an 710069，China
  • Received:2017-09-14 Revised:2017-11-02 Online:2018-02-10 Published:2018-02-10

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摘要：

长期以来，关于富有机质烃源岩形成的研究主要集中于盆地之内，盆地之外流体活动对富有机质烃源岩形成的影响关注较少。深部流体作为联系沉积盆地内、外的纽带，通过提高海洋初级生产力和形成有利的有机质保存环境2个方面作用为富有机质烃源岩的形成创造条件。生产力方面，深部流体携带了大量NO 3-、PO43-、NH4+等营养盐类，CH 4、CO 2、H 2、NH 3等热液气体和Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cu等微量金属元素以及来自地球内部的古细菌、嗜热细菌等微生物，它的注入促进了水体生物的繁盛和初级生产力的提高，为有机质的形成和富集创造了条件。保存环境方面，深部流体的喷发，向大气和海洋中输送了大量的CO 2，与水体中的Ca2+、Mg2+等离子结合，形成碳酸盐类，增加了水体的盐度，促进了水体的分层和海水循环的静止，为海洋环境中有机质的富集创造了有利的水体动力学条件和氧化还原状态。而岩浆热液活动向大气和海洋输送的大量H 2S、CO等还原性气体溶解于水中，同样可以促进水体还原环境的形成。因此，深部流体的喷发为富有机质烃源岩的形成提供了重要物质保障和有利的环境条件。
 

关键词: 深部流体, 营养元素, 还原环境, 生物繁盛, 有机质富集

Abstract:

For a long time，the research of the formation of organic-rich source rocks has mainly focused on the inner basins.The effect of exogenous fluid on organic-rich source rocks’ formation has received little concern.As the belt connecting the inner and external of a basin，deep fluid created proper condition for the formation of organic-rich source rocks，by promoting primary productivity and organic preservation.In productivity facet，deep fluid carried a large amount of nutrient such as NO-3，PO3-4 and NH4+，hydrothermal gases such as CH4，CO2，H2 and NH3，trace metal elements such as Fe，Mn，Zn，Co and C，as well as microbes from deep earth such as archaea bacteria and thermophilic bacteria.The injection of deep fluid not only promoted the thriving of organism and primary productivity，but also provided favorable conditions for organic formation and enrichment.In preservation facet，the eruption of deep fluid sent massive CO2 to atmosphere and ocean.By combining with ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+，these CO2 transformed into carbonate.As a result，it increased the salinity of water，which in return lead to the stratification and quiescence of water.All of above process created advantageous hydrodynamic condition and redox state for organic enrichment.Besides，the dissolution of reductive gas from magma and hydrothermal，such as H2S and CO，also contributed to the formation of reductive water condition.To sum up，the eruption of deep fluids provided significant ingredients sources and favorable preservation condition for the formation of organic-rich source rocks.

Key words: Deep fluid, Nutrient elements, Reductive condition, The thriving of organism, Organic enrichment

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

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