0 引言
1 地质背景
图1 鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组8#煤厚度、埋深、热演化程度综合平面图(a)和8#煤层顶部接触岩性平面分布 (b)Fig.1 Comprehensive plan of thickness, burial depth, and thermal evolution degree of No.8 coal section(a) and distribution of contact lithology at the top of No.8 coal section (b) in Benxi Formation, Ordos Basin |
图2 本溪组直井8#煤层段岩性及取心测深含气量Fig.2 Lithology and gas contents of the No. 8 coal section from the vertical well in the Benxi Formation |
图3 不同水平井煤岩ZS与QT交会图(a)和 不同水平井光亮煤GR与AC交会图(b) Fig.3 Intersection diagrams of ZS and QT in coal from different horizontal wells(a) and intersection diagrams of GR and AC in bright coal from different horizontal wells(b) |
2 水平井随钻参数相关性
表 1 S47-48YH4井随钻参数相关性(11 490数据点)Table 1 Correlation of parameters during drilling of Well S47-48YH4 (11 490 data points) |
随钻参数 | GR | POR | QT | ZS | TVD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GR | Pearson相关性 | 1 | -0.999** | -0.335** | 0.185** | 0.042** |
显著性(双侧) | / | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CARB | Pearson相关性 | -0.992** | 0.984** | 0.326** | -0.179** | -0.034** |
显著性(双侧) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
POR | Pearson相关性 | -0.999** | 1 | 0.338** | -0.187** | -0.045** |
显著性(双侧) | 0 | / | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
QT | Pearson相关性 | -0.335** | 0.338** | 1 | -0.468** | -0.153** |
显著性(双侧) | 0 | 0 | / | 0 | 0 | |
ZS | Pearson相关性 | 0.185** | -0.187** | -0.468** | 1 | 0.063** |
显著性(双侧) | 0 | 0 | 0 | / | 0 | |
TVD | Pearson相关性 | 0.042** | -0.045** | -0.153** | 0.063** | 1 |
显著性(双侧) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | / |
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3 储层评价分类标准
3.1 宏观煤岩类型及电测特征
表2 宏观煤岩特征及电测响应数据Table 2 Macroscopic coal characteristics and logging data |
宏观煤岩类型 | 亮煤、镜煤厚度 累计占比/% | 整体光泽度 | GR/API | AC/(μs/m) | CARB/% | POR/% | 正面照片 | 侧面照片 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
光亮煤 | >75 | 强玻璃光泽 | 36.8~63.2 | 355.3~518.3 | 75.6~96.3 | 4.6~5.5 | ![]() | ![]() |
半光亮煤 | 50~75 | 较强玻璃光泽 | 58.7~105.6 | 313.6~490.5 | 59.2~91.2 | 3.1~4.7 | ![]() | ![]() |
半暗淡煤 | 25~50 | 弱玻璃光泽 | 85.3~129.3 | 290.2~461.8 | 21.2~86.2 | 2.5~3.8 | ![]() | ![]() |
暗淡煤 | <25 | 弱玻璃光泽、哑光 | 104.8~213.8 | 306.1~424.2 | 20.2~80.8 | 1.7~2.9 | ![]() | ![]() |
3.2 钻时(ZS)的煤储层地质意义
3.3 储层系数(K 储层系数)确定及分类结果
表3 基于随钻参数的煤岩储层分类Table 3 Coal and rock reservoir classification based on drilling parameters |
分类 | I类 | II类 | III类 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
结构 | 碎裂 | 原生 | 原生 | 原生 | 原生—碎裂 | |||||
煤型 | 光亮煤 | 半亮煤 | 光亮煤 | 光亮煤 | 半亮煤 | 半亮煤 | 半—暗淡煤 | |||
煤含量/% | 80~100 | 60~90 | 80~100 | 80~100 | 60~90 | 60~90 | 20~80 | |||
GR/API | <60 | 60~110 | <60 | <60 | 60~110 | 60~110 | >110 | |||
钻时/(min/m) | <2 | <2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | |||
POR/% | >4.5 | 3.0~4.5 | >4.5 | >4.5 | 3.0~4.5 | 3.0~4.5 | <3 | |||
全烃/% | 50~100 | 20~70 | 10~50 | |||||||
K 储层系数 | >2 | 1~2 | <1 |
4 煤岩气产能主控因素
4.1 产气贡献率
图5 M45-30YH5井产气剖面 Fig.5 Gas production profile of Well M45-30YH5 |
表4 煤岩气水平井动—静态资料数据Table 4 Dynamic-static data of coalbed methane horizontal wells |
井号 | 煤厚度/m | 顶板 岩性 | 水平段长度/m | 储层钻遇率/% | I类储层钻遇率/% | I+II类储层遇率/% | I类储层长度/m | I+II类储层长度/m | 改造规模 | 日产气 /(104 m3/d) | 1 500 m折算日产气 /(104 m3/d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S47-62YH4 | 9.5 | 砂岩 | 2 222 | 100.0 | 18.5 | 79.9 | 410 | 1 776 | 适度规模 | 6.7 | 4.5 |
M125-10H | 10 | 灰岩 | 1 500 | 91.6 | 87.7 | 92.8 | 1 316 | 1 392 | 适度规模 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
M125H | 9.8 | 灰岩 | 1 215 | 100.0 | 82.3 | 100.0 | 1 000 | 1 215 | 适度规模 | 6.2 | 7.7 |
M125-24H | 8 | 灰岩 | 1 000 | 99.1 | 99.1 | 99.1 | 991 | 991 | 适度规模 | 5.0 | 7.5 |
T11 | 10.5 | 泥岩 | 1 550 | 97.7 | 29.9 | 90.8 | 464 | 1 408 | 适度规模 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
HT8H | 6 | 泥岩 | 1 650 | 96.4 | 43.3 | 70.3 | 715 | 1 160 | 适度规模 | 7.2 | 6.5 |
S48-45YH4 | 10 | 灰岩 | 1 562 | 96.9 | 56.6 | 80.6 | 884 | 1 259 | 高强度 | 5.8 | 5.6 |
M45-30YH5 | 8 | 灰岩 | 1 408 | 87.9 | 23.9 | 40.1 | 336 | 564 | 高强度 | 4.4 | 4.7 |
4.2 开发技术界限
5 “黑金靶体”优选
5.1 目标区优选
图8 石炭系本溪组煤岩厚度及水平井I类储层钻遇率(a)、石炭系本溪组顶部构造图(b)及奥陶系马家沟组相干属性图(c)Fig.8 Coal rock thickness and drilling encounter rate of Class I reservoirs in horizontal wells of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation (a), structural map of the top of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation (b), and coherence attribute map of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation (c) |
图9 煤层光亮煤AC、GR交会图(a)和水平井煤岩QT、TOC×CARB交会图(b)Fig.9 AC and GR cross-plot of coal seam bright coal(a) and QT and TOC×CARB cross-plot of horizontal well coal rock(b) |
5.2 水平井优化部署
表5 基于储层系数K的水平井地质导向策略Table 5 Guidance strategy of horizontal well based on reservoir coefficient K |
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