收稿日期: 2017-02-27
修回日期: 2018-03-15
网络出版日期: 2018-04-10
基金资助
石油化工联合基金（B类）“古生界页岩含气性原生有机质控制作用研究”（编号：U1663202）；中国石化科技部“海相页岩超显微特征及对页岩气富集的控制”项目（编号：P15017）联合资助.
Identification of bacterial-like fossils in marine source rocks in south China
Received date: 2017-02-27
Revised date: 2018-03-15
Online published: 2018-04-10
在常规地球化学分析基础上，通过对烃源岩薄片和扫描电镜观察，发现中国南方海相低演化烃源岩和煤层中存在菌胶团化石，大小在数十纳米到数微米之间，形状为圆形、椭圆形以及扁圆形的细菌状化石。二叠系烃源岩中确认的细菌状化石主要为与石膏共生硫细菌形成，城口剖面寒武系地层中存在大量的纳米细菌状化石，多为杆状—短柱状；二叠系、志留系与寒武系高演化烃源岩扫描电镜下观察到大量可能的细菌状化石。研究认为：细菌状化石在烃源岩中普遍存在，与烃源岩具有共生关系，发现泥岩、硅质岩和含石膏煤系等若干地层中存在细菌状化石。其中泥岩层面上的细菌构成菌席；硅质岩中的细菌具有溶硅的习性；煤系地层中和石膏共生的细菌被解释为对形成石膏起重要作用的硫细菌。细菌状化石在地质历史时期对页岩气形成和储集具有重要的作用。
申宝剑，秦建中，腾格尔，潘安阳，仰云峰，边立曾 . 中国南方海相烃源岩中细菌状化石识别[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018 , 29(4) : 510 -517 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2018.03.013
Based on the results of conventional geochemical analysis，zoogloea fossils were discovered in the low mature marine hydrocarbon source rocks and coal seams in south China，and the sizes of bacterial-like fossils ranged from dozens of nanometers to several microns with circular，oval，oblate shapes，which were observed in the thin section and scanning electron microscope.The confirmed bacterial-like fossils in the Permian source rocks were mainly formed by the symbiotic sulphur bacteria with gypsum.Abundant nanoscale bacterial-like fossils discovered in the Chengkou section within Cambrian strata were mainly in the shape of rod-short columnar.Many possible bacterial-like fossils were found in Permian，Silurian，and Cambrian source rocks with high maturity under the scanning electron microscope.There was still some preliminary perspective as follows: bacterial-like fossils were prevalent in the source rocks and had a symbiotic relationship with source rocks，especially in the mudstone，siliceous rocks，some stratum containing coal seam and gypsum；the bacteria on the surface of mudstone formed microbial mats；the bacteria in siliceous rocks had the behavior of dissolving silicon；the symbiotic bacteria with gypsum in the coal seam were sulphur bacteria playing important role in the formation of gypsum.The study of the formation mechanism and environment of bacterial-like fossils via online analysis on microdomains will provide new insights for evaluation of source rocks.
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