河控三角洲河口坝沉积特征及其形成过程中受水位变化的影响

张阳, 邱隆伟, 杨保良, 王军, 李际, 田美荣, 隋淑玲

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.05.0809

天然气地球科学 >

2016 , Vol. 27 >Issue 5: 809 - 819

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.05.0809

天然气地质学

河控三角洲河口坝沉积特征及其形成过程中受水位变化的影响

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1.中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院，山东青岛 266580;
2.中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257000；
3.中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院，新疆克拉玛依 834000

张阳(1988-)，男，山东东营人，博士研究生，主要从事沉积学和油气地质学研究. E-mail:regogo@sina.com.

收稿日期: 2015-09-15

修回日期: 2015-10-23

网络出版日期: 2019-09-20

基金资助

国家重大油气专项(编号:2011ZX05009-002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:15CX06010A)联合资助.

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Research on sedimentary characteristics of river dominated delta mouth bar and influences affected by water level fluctuations during the formation

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1.School of geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China;
2.Research Institute of Exploration & Development,Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company,Dongying 257000,China;
3.Experiment Testing Institute,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,China

Received date: 2015-09-15

Revised date: 2015-10-23

Online published: 2019-09-20

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摘要

为了探讨河控三角洲河口坝在生长过程中不同发育阶段的沉积特征及其受到水位变化的影响，以鄱阳湖信江三角洲为现代沉积考察对象，通过对国内外4个典型河控三角洲高精度卫星照片的统计与分析，明确了河口坝的沉积特征及发育过程，定量计算了河口坝在不同生长阶段的参数，阐明了水位变化对河口坝生长的控制作用。研究结果表明:河口坝形成之后会继续经历一系列沉积作用，发育天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、漫流沉积、远砂坝、席状砂及泥质沉积等，形成河口坝复合体。河口坝复合体的生长可分为4个阶段:三角形河口坝复合体，V形河口坝复合体，不规则V形河口坝复合体，心滩形河口坝复合体，河口坝复合体长度与分叉前河道宽度的比值可以作为划分河口坝复合体发育阶段的重要参数。在高水位条件下，河口坝复合体的生长表现为远砂坝、前三角洲、湖相泥岩的沉积以及河水漫过天然堤发育决口扇、沼泽、支流间湾等；低水位条件下表现为河口坝的形成以及天然堤的生长。

关键词： 河控三角洲; 河口坝; 沉积特征; 形成过程; 水位变化

本文引用格式

张阳, 邱隆伟, 杨保良, 王军, 李际, 田美荣, 隋淑玲 . 河控三角洲河口坝沉积特征及其形成过程中受水位变化的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016 , 27(5) : 809 -819 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.05.0809

Abstract

In order to discuss the sedimentary characteristics and influences affected by water level fluctuations of river dominated delta mouth bar during different developmental periods,taking the Poyang lake Xinjiang delta for modern sedimentary study object,though statistics and analysis for the satellite photos of four typical river dominated deltas home or abroad,this article made clear about the development process and its sedimentary characteristics,calculated the main parameters of river mouth bar in different developmental periods,clarified the controlling effects of water level fluctuations on the development of the river mouth bar.The study results show as follows:It will experience a series of depositions after the formation of the river mouth bar and develop levee,splay,crevasse channel,sheetflood deposits,sheet sand,mud deposits,etc.The development of the river mouth bar compomer can be divided into four stages:Triangle river mouth bar compomer,V river mouth bar compomer,irregular V river mouth bar compomer,and diara-like river mouth bar compomer.The ratio of the length of river mouth bar compomer and the width of river channel before bifurcation can be used as an important parameter to divide the development stages of river mouth bar compomer.During the high water level conditions,the development of the river mouth bar compome rpresents to the deposits of far sand bar,prodelta,lake mud and the development of splay,swamp,interdistributary bay as the result of the river overflew the levee.During the low water level conditions,the development of the river mouth bar compomer presents to the development of river mouth bar and levee.

Key words： River dominated delta; River mouth bar; Sedimentary characteristics; Formation process; Water level fluctuation

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