收稿日期: 2013-08-08
修回日期: 2014-01-26
网络出版日期: 2014-04-10
基金资助
“十二五”国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(编号:2011ZX05037-004)；教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(编号:IRT1086)联合资助.〖ZK)〗
Research on Fracture Network Propagation Patternof Shale Reservoir Based on Fracture Mechanics
Received date: 2013-08-08
Revised date: 2014-01-26
Online published: 2014-04-10
针对页岩压裂属于脆性材料的裂缝扩展问题，从线弹性断裂力学理论出发，建立了水力裂缝与天然裂缝干扰判据以及新裂缝起裂角计算模型，并在此基础上编写了裂缝扩展计算程序，从地质和工程2个方面分析了页岩储层缝网延伸形态的受控因素。研究表明:在低水平主应力差和低逼近角的情况下，天然裂缝易发生剪切破坏，迫使水力裂缝发生转向形成复杂裂缝网络；新裂缝起裂角与天然裂缝倾角、水平应力差以及缝内净压力密切相关；天然裂缝展布(倾角、距离)对缝口净压力、交会点处裂缝缝宽有重要影响；低黏度压裂液有利于增大天然裂缝的极限延伸距离，而较高的施工排量可以增大交会点处天然裂缝宽度，利于支撑剂通过弯曲段，减小桥堵现象的发生。研究成果对页岩储层压裂设计具有重要的理论参考价值。
程远方,常鑫，孙元伟，王欣 . 基于断裂力学的页岩储层缝网延伸形态研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014 , 25(4) : 603 -611 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.04.603
The fracturing of shale reservoir belongs to the crack propagation problems of brittle material.Based on the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics,the impact of natural fracture on hydraulic fracture is studied,and calculation model of the new crack initiation angle are constructed.On this basis,the crack propagation calculation program is developed,which is made to analyze the controlled factors of fracture network propagation pattern on the way of geology and engineer.Studies show that the natural fracture prone to shear failure and the hydraulic fracture turns to the direction of natural fracture,which is easy to form complex fracture network on the occasion of low horizontal principal stress difference and low approaching angle.The new crack initiation angle has a close relationship with natural fracture dip,horizontal stress difference and pressure in the fracture.Distribution of natural fracture (dip and distance) has an impact on the net pressure at the fracture opening and the biggest width of the fracture.Fracturing fluid with low viscosity is in favor of increasing the limit extension distance,and high construction displacement can increase the natural fracture width of the intersection and be helpful for the proppant to pass through bending section which can avoid bridge plug.The research results can provide an important theoretical reference for the fracturing design in shale reservoir.
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