收稿日期: 2013-03-30
修回日期: 2013-05-07
网络出版日期: 2014-02-10
基金资助
国家专项“全球油气资源地质综合评价与区域优选”(编号:GT-YQ-QQ-2008-4-13);教育部博士点基金(编号:20135122120005)联合资助.
Salt Tectonics and Its Control on Play of Gabon Coastal Basin,West Africa
Received date: 2013-03-30
Revised date: 2013-05-07
Online published: 2014-02-10
西非被动大陆边缘盆地群是近年来全球油气资源的快速增长区。为揭示加蓬海岸盆地的油气富集规律，对盆地的构造特征、盐层序、成藏组合和油气成藏模式进行了研究，结果表明:裂谷期、过渡期和漂移期3个演化阶段中发育的2组近于垂直的NW—SE向和NE—SW向断裂体系形成了东西分带、南北分块的盆地构造格局。盐层序是该盆地油气富集的关键因素，其流动变形形成的盐构造圈闭有利盐上油气聚集成藏；由于不发育盐滑成因的盐窗，盐层序依然保持着连片性，给盐下油气提供了良好的封盖条件。不同时期盐构造演化差异明显，康尼亚克期—始新世早期是盐构造发育的主要时期，对应于第Ⅲ枢纽带活跃期，形成了大量伸展成因的盐构造，盐底辟速率约等于沉积速率，控制了沉积相分布并形成了大量构造或构造—地层圈闭；始新世晚期—渐新世早期，构造反转使局部地区发育挤压成因的无根盐株；后渐新世，盐底辟速率小，对沉积作用影响微弱，有利圈闭发育有限。综合分析表明，盐下有利成藏组合主要发育在第I枢纽带断陷周围的断块和断背斜等圈闭中，盐上有利成藏组合主要分布于第Ⅲ枢纽带西侧浊积扇相区与盐构造圈闭的叠加区。
陈安清，胡思涵，楼章华，李梅，金爱民，朱蓉，张建球 . 西非加蓬海岸盆地盐构造及其对成藏组合的控制[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014 , 25(2) : 228 -237 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.02.228
In recent years,West African passive continental margin basins become the rapid growth area of global oil and gas resources.To reveal the hydrocarbon accumulation regularity of Gabon coastal basin,the basin's structural characteristics,salt sequence,play and hydrocarbon accumulation model were researched.The results show that: two near-vertical fault systems,north west-south east fault system and north east-south west fault system,which was formed in the period of rift,transitional and passive continental margin stages,make the basin have the tectonic framework of east-west zoning and north-south blocking.Salt sequence is the key factor to hydrocarbon enrichment.Salt structural traps formed by its flow deformation are favorable to hydrocarbon accumulation of the post-salt sequence,and salt rock remains a contiguous sequence because of no sliding window of salt,which provide a good seal to pre-salt sequence.Salt tectonic evolution is different during different periods.Coniacian-early Eocene is the main formation period of salt structures,which corresponds to the active period of hinge belt Ⅲ.Lots of extensional genetic salt structures were formed,and salt diapirism rate approximately equal deposition rate,which controlled facies distribution and favorable traps.During Late Eocene-Early Oligocene,rootless salt plug of extrusion genesis was developed by tectonic inversion in some areas.In post Oligocene,salt diapirism rate was slow,which influenced sedimentation weakly,and favorable traps were few.Comprehensive analysis shows that favorable play of pre-salt sequence developed in fault-block and faulted anticline of hinge belt Ⅰ,and favorable play of post-salt sequence distributed in the superimposed area of turbidite fan and salt structural traps on the west side of hinge belt Ⅲ.
Key words： Hydrocarbons accumulation; Play; Salt tectonics; Passive margin basin; Gabon; West Africa
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