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天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1319–1331.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.04.009

• 非常规天然气 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地及周缘下寒武统富有机质页岩孔隙发育特征

熊亮()   

  1. 中国石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院，四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-06 修回日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 作者简介:熊亮（1975-），男，四川宜宾人，高级工程师，主要从事常规、非常规油气勘探研究及生产管理工作. E-mail:xiongliang.xnyq@sinopec.com.
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化科技部重点科技项目“深层页岩气综合评价及开发技术政策”(P18058-1)

The characteristics of pore development of the Lower Cambrian organic⁃rich shale in Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Liang Xiong()   

  1. Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC Southwest Company, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2019-03-06 Revised:2019-04-25 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-10-14

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摘要：

四川盆地及周缘下寒武统富有机质页岩分布范围广、厚度大，是页岩气勘探的重要接替层位。以多口重点钻井岩心资料为基础，利用扫描电镜、氮气吸附等实验分析方法，对下寒武统富有机质页岩的孔隙类型、孔隙结构等进行系统研究，并探讨了下寒武统富有机质页岩孔隙发育的主要控制因素。结果表明：不同地区的下寒武统富有机质页岩孔隙发育存在显著的差异，孔隙度与TOC含量之间关系复杂，受到有机质组成和热成熟度的影响，主要表现为有机质组成和热成熟度控制了有机孔的发育。下寒武统富有机质页岩孔隙结构多样，且不同成熟度的页岩具有不同的孔隙结构，随着热成熟度的增加，页岩微孔消失、孔容和比表面积均减小。热成熟度是四川盆地及周缘下寒武统页岩气勘探与评价的最重要参数之一。

关键词: 下寒武统, 孔隙发育, 热成熟度, 有机质组成, 主控因素

Abstract:

Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale is widely distributed with great thickness in Sichuan Basin and its periphery, which is the significant replacing layer of shale gas exploration. Based on the shale cores from several key wells, this paper systematically investigated the pore types and structures of Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale using SEM and low pressure nitrogen adsorption, and discussed the main controlling factors of pore development of Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale. The results indicate that there are significant differences between Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale from different regions. The relationship between total organic carbon content (TOC) and porosity is complex due to the influences from thermal maturation and organic matter composition which controls the development of organic matter-hosted pores. The Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale has various pore structures. With increasing maturation, pore structure changes by micropore vanishing, and specific surface area and pore volume decrease. Therefore, thermal maturation is one of the most important parameters for shale gas exploration and assessment of the Lower Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery.

Key words: Lower Cambrian, Pore development, Thermal maturation, Organic matter composition, Controlling factor

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

四川盆地及周缘下寒武统钻井分布简图（据文献[5]修改）"

图2

JY1井下寒武统泥页岩储层特征综合剖面"

图3

JY1井下寒武统页岩显微照片"

图4

HY1井下寒武统泥页岩储层特征综合剖面"

图5

HY1井下寒武统页岩显微照片"

图6

EY1井下寒武统页岩储层特征综合剖面"

图7

EY1井下寒武统页岩显微照片"

图8

JY1井筇竹寺组富有机质泥质页岩SEM微观特征 （a）充填于黄铁矿晶间有机质发育海绵状孔隙, 3 288.46m ,50 000×；（b）充填于石英矿物骨架间有机质发育海绵状孔, 3 290.23m,50 000×；（c）残余原生有机质内发育许多微小孔隙, 3 296.8m, 120 000×；（d）黏土矿物晶间孔未被有机质充填，与黏土矿物共存的有机质发育海绵状孔隙, 3 296.8m，25 000×"

图9

HY1井九门冲组富有机质硅质页岩SEM微观特征 （a）10 000×，2 388m，条带状残余原生有机质（红箭头）不发育孔隙，充填状次生有机质（黄箭头）发育海绵状孔隙；（b）65 000×，2 388m，残余原生有机质放大，不发育孔隙；（c）120 000×，2 398m，充填于矿物骨架间的有机质发育海绵状孔隙，石英矿物发育粒内孔；（d）65 000×，2 406m，充填于石英矿物骨架间的有机质发育海绵状孔隙，石英矿物发育粒内孔"

图10

EY1井水井沱组富有机质硅质页岩SEM微观特征 （a）25 000×，3 822m，充填于石英矿物骨架间有机质基本不发育孔隙；（b）20 000×，3 845m，有机质发育不规则形态的孔隙，孔径分布不均；（c）80 000×，3 890m，有机质零星发育少量孔隙，孔径较小；（d）7 000×，3 912m，充填于石英矿物骨架间有机质不发育孔隙"

图11

EY1井水井沱组灰质泥岩SEM微观特征 （a）1 200×，3 857.85m，有机质充填于矿物基质中，浅灰色为黏土，深灰色为方解石，黑色为有机质；（b）80 000×，3 877.08m，充填有机质发育海绵状孔隙，孔径小于100nm"

图12

下寒武统富有机质页岩氮气吸附—脱附曲线"

表1

下寒武统富有机质页岩比表面积和孔容数据"

井号 深度/m

TOC

/%

总孔容

/(cm3/100g)

非微孔孔容

/(cm3/100g)

微孔孔容

/(cm3/100g)

比表面积

/(m2/g)

非微孔比表面积

/(m2/g)

微孔比表面积

/(m2/g)
JY1 3 288.95 1.00 1.12 0.73 0.39 11.59 1.71 9.88
3 290.8 1.56 0.94 0.48 0.45 13.37 1.81 11.56
3 292.1 1.25 1.00 0.65 0.35 11.41 2.87 8.55
3 296.8 3.01 1.85 1.43 0.42 17.63 7.75 9.88
3 298.2 2.10 0.91 0.39 0.52 14.71 1.60 13.11
HY1 2 371 7.48 1.69 0.97 0.72 22.01 1.35 20.66
2 374 7.31 1.19 0.47 0.72 20.96 2.57 18.39
2 378 5.53 0.92 0.46 0.46 13.07 1.26 11.81
2 383 5.24 1.60 0.96 0.64 19.46 3.56 15.89
2 388 3.46 1.51 0.92 0.59 18.85 4.67 14.17
2 392 5.15 1.54 1.06 0.48 16.23 4.55 11.68
2 398 5.08 1.39 0.88 0.52 15.08 1.90 13.18
2 402 5.61 1.42 0.82 0.60 17.89 2.65 15.25
2 406 4.87 2.01 1.34 0.67 23.47 8.13 15.34
2 411 5.71 1.88 1.25 0.63 22.86 7.94 14.92
2 414 5.89 1.84 1.27 0.58 21.89 7.94 13.95
2 417 3.77 2.20 1.87 0.33 19.34 12.41 6.93
2 420.39 5.55 1.73 1.31 0.43 18.54 8.60 9.94
2 422.5 6.92 1.20 0.83 0.37 13.78 4.93 8.85
EY1 3 814.9 8.95 0.64 0.64 0 3.94 3.94 0
3 835.12 5.86 0.83 0.83 0 8.29 8.29 0
3 844.9 5.75 0.66 0.66 0 3.70 3.70 0
3 857.85 2.29 1.31 1.31 0 3.99 3.99 0
3 877.08 1.2 0.93 0.93 0 1.53 1.53 0
3 901.45 7.44 0.57 0.57 0 1.59 1.59 0

图13

下寒武统页岩孔隙度与TOC的关系"

图14

下寒武统页岩孔隙度与黏土含量的关系"

图15

下寒武统页岩比表面积和孔容与TOC含量的关系"

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