次生生物甲烷与生物降解作用的判识——以准噶尔盆地腹部陆梁油气田为例

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.03.011

天然气地球科学

次生生物甲烷与生物降解作用的判识——以准噶尔盆地腹部陆梁油气田为例

龚德瑜，张越迁，郭文建，宋志华，卢山，吴卫安

1.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083；
2.中国石油新疆油田公司勘探事业部，新疆克拉玛依 834000；
3.中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院，新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2019-02-05 修回日期:2019-03-18 出版日期:2019-07-10
作者简介:龚德瑜（1983-)，男，江苏苏州人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事油气地质与地球化学研究.E-mail：deyugong@petrochina.com.cn.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金“准噶尔盆地石炭系凝灰质烃源岩发育环境与生烃潜力研究”（编号：41802177)资助.

The identification of secondary microbial methane and biodegradation：Case study of Luliang oil and gas field，Junggar Basin

Gong De-yu，Zhang Yue-qian，Guo Wen-jian，Song Zhi-hua，Lu Shan，Wu Wei-an

1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，PetroChina，Beijing 100083，China；
2.Exploration Division，Xinjiang Oil Field Company，PetroChina，Karamay 834000，China；
3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，Xinjiang Oil Field Company，PetroChina，Karamay 834000，China

Received:2019-02-05 Revised:2019-03-18 Online:2019-07-10
About author:Gong Deyu(1983-), Male, Senior engineer, Ph.D, Mainly engaged in petroleum geology and geochemistry research. E-mail：deyugong@petrochina.com.cn.
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholar of China “Development environment and hydrocarbon generation potential of carboniferous tuff source rocks in Junggar Basin” (Grant No. 41802177).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “次生生物气”是指原油遭受生物降解后生成的天然气，由于其成分几乎全部为甲烷，因此又称为“次生生物甲烷”。以准噶尔盆地陆梁油气田为例，基于天然气组分和稳定碳同位素组成，结合伴生原油的轻烃地球化学特征，系统研究了次生生物甲烷和生物降解作用的判识方法。研究表明：当热成因天然气与次生生物甲烷混合时，甲烷碳同位素组成变轻，天然气组分变干。同时，此类天然气通常与埋深(地温)和生物降解油藏密切相关。通过原油的轻烃化合物特征可以有效判别油藏是否遭受生物降解。次生生物甲烷的生成常常还伴随着原生热成因气中重烃气组分的选择性降解，造成天然气干燥系数变大，重烃气碳同位素组成富集¹³C，甚至发生倒转。目前使用的各类天然气成因判识图版只适用于原生热成因气，使用时必须充分考虑是否存在各类次生改造作用的影响。

关键词: 次生生物甲烷, 选择性生物降解, 稳定碳同位素组成, 轻烃, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The “secondary microbial gas” is defined as natural gas generated via the biodegradation of oil reservoirs.Since methane dominates，it is also called “secondary microbial methane”.
Taking Luliang oil and gas field in the Junggar Basin as example，the methods for identifying secondary microbial methane and selective biodegradation of alkane gases were fully discussed in this study based on the molecular and stable carbon isotopes of natural gas as well as the geochemical characteristics of low molecular weight hydrocarbons of oil reservoirs.When the thermogenic gas is mixed with secondary microbial methane，its δ¹³C -CH₄ ratio tends to be lighter with the C₁/C_1-4increasing.In the meantime，there is a tight relationship between secondary microbial methane，burial depth of gas reservoirs and the existence of biodegraded oil reserves.The methanogenesis is commonly accompanied by the selective biodegradation of C_2-4 alkane gases，which results in the increase of gas dryness coefficients and the enrichment of ¹³C (even the reversal of carbon isotopes).Most currently used empirical diagrams to identify the gas genetic types are only applicable to the original thermogenic gases.All kinds of secondary alterations should be fully taken into consideration when these diagrams are used.

Key words: Secondary microbial methane, Selective biodegradation, Stable carbons isotopes, Low molecular weight hydrocarbons, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1⁺13

龚德瑜, 张越迁, 郭文建, 宋志华, 卢山, 吴卫安. 次生生物甲烷与生物降解作用的判识——以准噶尔盆地腹部陆梁油气田为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 1006–1017.

Gong De-yu, Zhang Yue-qian, Guo Wen-jian, Song Zhi-hua, Lu Shan, Wu Wei-an. The identification of secondary microbial methane and biodegradation：Case study of Luliang oil and gas field，Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30(7): 1006–1017.

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