天然气地球科学

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论笔石对页岩气源储的贡献——以华南地区五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩为例

邱 振,邹才能,李熙喆,王红岩,董大忠,卢斌,周尚文,施振生,冯子齐,张梦琪   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2.国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,河北 廊坊 065007;
    3.中国石油大学(华东),山东 青岛 266580
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-25 修回日期:2018-04-15 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10
  • 作者简介:邱振(1984-),男,安徽亳州人,工程师,博士(后),主要从事沉积地质及非常规油气研究.E-mail:qiuzhen316@163.com;qiuzhen@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(编号:41602119);国家科技重大专项(编号:2017ZX05035001);中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目(编号:2016B-0302-01);中国石油勘探开发研究院项目(编号:XN41601;XN41603)联合资助。

Discussion on the contribution of graptolite to organic enrichment and reservoir of gas shale:A case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in South China

Qiu Zhen,Zou Cai-neng,Li Xi-zhe,Wang Hong-yan,Dong Da-zhong,Lu Bin,Zhou Shang-wen,Shi Zhen-sheng,Feng Zi-qi,Zhang Meng-qi   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;
    2.National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Center,Langfang 065007,China;
    3.China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China
  • Received:2018-03-25 Revised:2018-04-15 Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10

摘要:

华南地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩广泛发育,该套笔石页岩层系是目前我国页岩气勘探开发的目标层段。基于扬子板块南缘及北缘五峰组—龙马溪组底部近1 000余件页岩样品中笔石丰度统计与相关页岩样品的有机碳(TOC)含量测试、不同尺度扫描电镜分析等数据,综合分析了华南地区页岩中笔石丰度与有机质富集的关系,初步明确了笔石中有机质分布及孔隙特征,探讨了笔石对页岩气源储的贡献。五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩全岩(包括笔石体与非笔石体即围岩2个部分)TOC含量主要受其围岩所控制,而受笔石体丰度影响程度较小,指示笔石对页岩有机质富集即“源”的影响程度相对较小。笔石体上发育有大量的有机质,具有网状生物组织结构,约占笔石体面积的20%~50%;笔石体内发育蜂窝状孔隙,孔径大小一般为110nm~1.7μm,平均约为500nm,高于围岩中有机质孔(108~770nm,平均约为330nm),这表明笔石体对页岩气储集空间具有重要贡献。由于五峰组—龙马溪组底部页岩发育大量笔石,局部呈叠加堆积式或纹层状分布,不仅能够为页岩气提供大量储集空间,同时也可作为页岩气流体流动的优势通道,因此,可认为笔石大量发育是该段页岩气富集高产的重要因素之一。

关键词: 页岩气, 笔石, 龙马溪组, 有机质孔, 有机质富集, 储集特征, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The graptolitic shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were widely deposited across the Ordovician and Silurian transition in South China,which are the target of shale gas exploration and development in China.Based on the statistics of graptolite abundance from nearly 1 000 shale samples and total organic content (TOC) analyses,different scales of scanning electron microscopy analyses of related samples,which are from the Wufeng Formation and the bottom part of the Longmaxi Formation in south and north margins of Yangtze plate,the contribution of graptolite to organic enrichment and reservoir of shale gas was discussed.The TOC content of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations graptolitic shales (including graptolite and non-graptolite,i.e.,the surrounding host) is mainly controlled by that of its surrounding host,but less affected by the graptolite abundance,indicating that the graptolite has a relatively less impact on the organic enrichment.Graptolite consists of a large number of organic matter,with reticular biological tissue structure,accounting for 20%-50% graptolitic area;it also developed honeycomb-shaped pores with pore sizes of 110nm-1.7μm (an average of about 500nm),which are higher than the organic pores in the surrounding host (108-770nm,average 330nm),showing that graptolite has an important contribution to shale gas storage space.Because of the large number of graptolites occurring in shales from the Wufeng Formation and the bottom part of the Longmaxi Formation,the laminated and stacked local pattern of them on the laminae’s surfaces not only provides abundant storage space for shale gas,but also serves as the predominant channel for shale gas flow.Therefore,the greatly abundant graptolite should be considered as one of the important factors controlling enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.

Key words: Shale gas, Graptolite, Longmaxi Formation, Organic pore, Organic enrichment, Reservoir, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE132.2

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