天然气地球科学

• 天然气地球化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

地表油气地球化学勘探中轻烯烃形成机理探讨

王国建1,唐俊红2,汤玉平1,李吉鹏1,杨俊1,卢丽1   

  1. 1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏 无锡 214151;
    2.杭州电子科技大学材料与环境工程学院,浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-05 修回日期:2016-11-15 出版日期:2017-02-10 发布日期:2017-02-10
  • 作者简介:王国建(1972-),男,辽宁大连人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事油气地球化学勘探与石油实验地质研究. E-mail:wanggj.syky@sinopec.com.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41373121;41072099)联合资助.

Study on light alkenes forming mechanism in surface geochemistry exploration for oil and gas

Wang Guo-jian1,Tang Jun-hong2,Tang Yu-ping1,Li Ji-peng1,Yang Jun1,Lu Li1   

  1. 1.Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production,
    SINOPEC,Wuxi 214151,China;2.College of Material Science and Environmental Engineering,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China
  • Received:2016-09-05 Revised:2016-11-15 Online:2017-02-10 Published:2017-02-10

摘要:

油气藏烃类能够垂向微渗漏到地表是油气地球化学勘探的理论基础.在油气田地表轻烃检测中,高浓度C1—C5烷烃常常伴有烯烃(C2 H4,C3H6),众所周知,地下的石油和天然气中是不存在轻烯烃的.目前地表油气地球化学勘探中,土壤中的烯烃普遍被认为是地表原位有机物在一定条件下由微生物生成.油气藏地表烯烃异常的客观存在,如不给出合理的解释,将导致地质界对油气藏地表轻烷烃异常的质疑,影响地球化学勘探技术的应用.通过渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷惠民凹陷南坡临南油田、美国怀俄明州Teapot Dome油田地表地球化学勘探实例发现,油田区地表土壤轻烃异常中含有烯烃,且烯烃与烷烃相关性较好,并与油气区吻合度较高,说明这些烯烃并非来自地表原位有机质的生物作用.为了进一步说明油气藏地表烯烃的来源,对油气藏烷烃类垂向微渗漏到地表的地球化学特征进行了实验模拟,实验结果发现,模拟的地表土壤轻烃异常中含有较高浓度的烯烃,且烯烃与烷烃相关性较高,说明烯烃是在地表环境中由微渗漏的烷烃演化而来,具有油气指示意义.上述研究结果初步阐明了油气田地表轻烯烃异常形成机理,证实了地球化学勘探中轻烃异常对油气藏指示的可信性,同时为轻烯烃作为地表地球化学勘探新指标提供了理论和实践依据.

关键词: 油气地球化学勘探, 烯烃, 油田区, 实验模拟, 形成机理

Abstract:

Though no light alkenes existed in oil and gas reservoirs,light alkenes including C2H4 and C3 H6 often occur in the soil gas over oil and gas fields,accompanied with high concentration of C1-C5 alkanes.The exploration cases in Linnan Oilfield,Huimin Sag of Jiyang Depression,China and Teapot Dome Oilfield,Wyoming,USA suggest that these light alkenes are not derived from in-situ surface organic matters.In order to explain the origins of these light alkenes in the soil gas to reinforce the foundation of Surface Geochemistry Exploration (SGE),a simulation experiment was conducted to simulate the surface geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons micro-seeping vertically from a hydrocarbon reservoir.The experimental results are in accord with that in oilfield.It is proved that these light alkenes come from the surface microbial evolution of the light alkanes micro-seeping from the hydrocarbon reservoirs.The above results illustrate the forming mechanisms of the surface light alkenes anomalies over oil and gas fields and enhance the credibility of the light hydrocarbon anomalies in SGE.It is also provided that the light alkenes can be a new indicator in SGE on the basis of theory and practice.

Key words: Surface geochemistry exploration, Alkenes, Oilfield, Simulation experiment, Forming mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TE132.4

[1]Schumacher D.Hydrocarbon-induced alteration of soils and sediments[M]//Schumacher  D,Abrams M  A.Hydrocarbon Migration and Its near-Surface Expression.AAPG Memoir 66,1996:71-89.[ZK)]
[2]Han Pengyun,Zhang Weidong,Tang Hongsan.Discussion on the application of alkenes in soil in geochemical prospecting for oil and gas[J].Petroleum Geology of Terrestrial Facies,1992(3):73-77.[韩鹏云,张卫东,唐洪三.土壤烯烃在油气地球化学勘探中应用探讨[J].陆相石油地质,1992(3):73-77.]
[3]Saunders D F,Burson K R,Thompson C K.Model for hydrocarbon microseepage and related near-surface alterations[J].AAPG,1999,83(1):170-185.
[4]Ronald W.Klusman.Detailed compositional analysis of gas seepage at the national carbon storage test site,Teapot Dome,Wyoming,USA[J].Applied Geochemistry,2006,21(9):1498-1521.
[5]Sechman H,Dzieniewicz M,Liszka B,Soil gas composition above gas deposits and perspective structures of the Carpathian Foredeep,SE Poland[J].Applied Geochemistry,2012,27(1):197-210.
[6]Wei Meiju,Dong Bo,Jia Jing,et al.Topological study on physical chemical properties of alkane,alkene,alcohol and ether[J].Journal of Molecular Science,2013,29(5):363-368.[韦美菊,董博,贾静,等.烷烃、烯烃、脂肪醇和脂肪醚物理性质的拓扑研究[J].分子科学学报,2013,29(5):363-368.]
[7]Ni Caixue,Feng Zhiyun,Li Liangchao.Studies on the physico-chemical properties of unsaturated hydrocarbons using topological indices[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,1998,56(4):359-363.[倪才华,冯志云,李良超.不饱和烃的理化性质与分子拓扑指数的关系研究[J].化学学报,1998,56(4):359- 363.]
[8]Zhang Houfu,Fang Chaoliang,Gao Xianzhi,et al.Petroleum Geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:14-28.[张厚福,方朝亮,高先志,等.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:14-28.]
[9]Wu Xiaoqi,Tao Xiaowan,Liu Jingdong.Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of natural gas from Lunnan area in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):53-59.[吴小奇,陶小晚,刘景东.塔里木盆地轮南地区天然气地球化学特征和成因类型[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):53-59.]
[10]Cui Jingwei,Wang Tieguan,Li Meijun,et al.Light hydrocarbon characteristics and oil family classification of crude oils,southwest Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1354-1363.[崔景伟,王铁冠,李美俊,等.塔西南地区原油轻烃特征及成因类型[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1354-1363.]
[11]Davis J B,Squires R M.Detection of microbially produced gaseous hydrocarbons other than methane[J].Science,1954,119(3090):381-382.
[12]Primrose S B,Dilworth M J.Ethylene production by bacteria[J].Journal General Microbiology,1976,93(1):175-181.
[13]Ullom W L.Ethylene and propylene in soil gas:Occurrence,sources and impact on interpretation of exploration geochemical data[J].Association Petroleum Geochemical Explorationists Bulletin,1988(4):62-81.
[14]Kim A G,Douglas L J.Hydrocarbon Gases Produced in a Simulated Swamp Environment[R].US Bureau of Mines,Report of Investigations 7690,US Govt Printing Office,Washington,DC,1972:15.
[15]Oremland R S.Microbial formation of ethane in anoxic estuarine sediments[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1981,42(1):122-129.
[16]Klusman R W.Chemical and microbiological reactions of light hydrocarbons[M]//Klusman R W.Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration.Wiley:Chichester:1993:63-70.
[17]Deng Sunhua.Sub-critical Water Extraction of Organic Matter from oil Shale Lumps[D].Changchun:Jiling Universtiy,2013:45-50.[邓孙华.近临界水对块状油页岩中有机质的提取研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013:45-50.]
[18]Hu Hongwen.Organic Chemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1991:15-148.[胡宏纹.有机化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991:15-148.]
[19]Mango F D.The origin of light hydrocarbons in petroleum:Ring preference in the closure of carbocyclic rings[J].Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(2):895-901.
[20]Brown A.Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(11):1775-1789.
[21]Ronald W.Klusman.Microseepage of Light Hydrocarbons as Applied to Surface Geochemistry-Theoretical Aspects[C/OL].2005-1-7.http://www.geotech.org.
[22]Cheng Tongjin,Wang Guojian,Fan Ming,et al.Experimental simulation of the vertical migration of hydrocarbons from the underlying reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2009,31(5):522-527.[程同锦,王国建,范明,等.油气藏烃类垂向微渗漏的实验模拟[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(5):522-527.]
[23]Wang Guojian,Cheng Tongjin,Fan Ming,et al.Laboratory simulation of vertical hydrocarbon microseepage[J].Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition,2011,85(1):223-232.
[24]You Xiuling.Study on assessment method of caprocks in natural gas pools[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1991,12(3):261-274.[游秀玲.天然气盖层评价方法探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,1991,12(3):261-274.]
[25]Zhou Xingxi.The distribution and control factors of phase state of oil and gas pools in Kuqa petroleum system[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(3):205-210.[周兴熙.库车油气系统油气藏相态及其控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(3):205-210.]
[26]Duan Yi,Zhao Yang,Yao Jinli,et al.Research advance and tendency of light hydrocarbon geochemistry[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(12):1875-1887.[段毅,赵阳,姚泾利,等.轻烃地球化学研究进展及发展趋势[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(12):1875-1887.]
[27]Mango F D.Transition metal catalysis in the generation of petroleum and natural gas[J].Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(1):553-555.
[28]Liu Wenhui,Chen Mengjin,Guan Ping,et al.Trialistic Geochemical Tracing System and Its Practice of Hydrocarbon Generation and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Natural Gas[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:2-5.[刘文汇,陈孟晋,关平,等.天然气成烃、成藏三元地球化学示踪体系及实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:2-5.]
[29]Jiang Tao,Xia Xianghua,Ren Chun.The correlation between oil and gas geochemical indices and mineral compositions of soil media[J].Geophysics & Geochemical  Exploration,2004,28(6):523-526.[蒋涛,夏响华,任春.油气地球化学勘探指标与土壤介质中矿物成分相互关系的研究[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):523-526.]
[30]Wei Fusheng,Chen Jingsheng,Wu Yanyu,et al.Study on the background value of environment soil in China[J].Environment Science,1991,12(4):12-19.[魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国环境土壤背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.]

[1] 马明,陈国俊,李超,张功成,晏英凯,赵钊,沈怀磊. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷恩平组储层成岩作用与孔隙演化定量表征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(10): 1515-1526.
[2] 陶士振,高晓辉,李昌伟,曾溅辉,张响响,杨春,张婧雅,公言杰. 煤系致密砂岩气渗流机理实验模拟研究——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系致密砂岩气为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(7): 1143-1152.
[3] 贾建称,张泓,贾茜,吴艳,张妙逢,陈晨. 煤储层割理系统研究:现状与展望[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(9): 1621-1628.
[4] 甄素静,汤良杰,李宗杰,李萌,曹自成,杨素举. 塔中北坡顺南地区走滑断裂样式、变形机理及石油地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(12): 2315-2324.
[5] 李燕,金振奎,杨有星,官全胜,李鹏. 歧口凹陷沙一下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩储层质量差异机理歧口凹陷沙一下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩储层质量差异机理[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(2): 201-211.
[6] 石书缘,胡素云,刘伟,梁东星,乔辉. 塔里木盆地西克尔地区奥陶系溶洞系统特征及控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(2): 167-177.
[7] 徐兆辉,胡素云,汪泽成,王露,卞从胜,钟波,吴育林. 四川盆地须家河组大型砂岩储集体发育特征与形成机理[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(12): 1962-1974.
[8] 李君,吴晓东,王东良,姜燕华,高阳,杨慎,莫午零. #br# 裂解气成因特征及成藏模式探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2013, 24(3): 520-528.
[9] 郑军卫, 庾凌, 孙德强. 低渗透油气资源勘探开发主要影响因素与特色技术[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2009, 20(5): 651-656.
[10] 靳保珍;张春燕;宫志宏;李志军;赵海凤. 柴达木盆地狮子沟油田N1油藏低阻油层形成机理[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(3): 367-371.
[11] 祁大晟,裴柏林. 塔里木盆地东河油田机械防砂物理实验研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(1): 133-136.
[12] 王玉彬, 樊栓狮, 关进安, 梁德青, 冯自平. 海底渗漏系统水合物生成过程实验模拟[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18(4): 596-600.
[13] 马中良;曾溅辉;王洪玉. 砂岩透镜体“相—势”控藏实验模拟[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18(3): 347-350.
[14] 向树安;姜在兴;张元福;. 盐系地层低电阻率油层形成机理与识别――以江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(4): 514-517.
[15] 索孝东,于登跃. 油气地球化学勘探在大宛齐油田滚动开发中的应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(1): 64-68.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!