天然气地球科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1597–1610.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.06.007

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组储层特征及控制因素

陈少云1(),杨勇强1,2(),邱隆伟1,2,王小娟3,关旭3,梁炜煜1,刘剑忠1   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东 青岛 266580
    2.中国石油大学(华东)深层油气重点实验室,山东 青岛 266580
    3.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18 修回日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 杨勇强 E-mail:chenshaoyun1998@163.com;yongqiangyang@upc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈少云(1998-),男,河北定州人,硕士研究生,主要从事储层沉积学研究. E-mail:chenshaoyun1998@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“咸化湖盆细粒物质的成因及其混合沉积作用”(41972099);国家自然科学基金项目“基于现代沉积和沉积模拟的湖相滩坝沉积模式与精细表征研究”(4217020246)

Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin

Shaoyun CHEN1(),Yongqiang YANG1,2(),Longwei QIU1,2,Xiaojuan WANG3,Xu GUAN3,Weiyu LIANG1,Jianzhong LIU1   

  1. 1.School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China
    3.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2022-04-18 Revised:2022-06-15 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-09-28
  • Contact: Yongqiang YANG E-mail:chenshaoyun1998@163.com;yongqiangyang@upc.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972099)

摘要:

四川盆地中部地区侏罗系沙溪庙组浅水三角洲砂体是致密气勘探的重要领域,有利储层的成因是制约高效勘探的关键问题。综合岩心和薄片资料,采用扫描电镜、阴极发光和地球化学等测试手段分析了沙溪庙组成岩演化序列,从沉积和成岩两方面探讨了储层的控制因素。沙溪庙组储层以长石砂岩为主,平均孔隙度、渗透率分别为10.34%、1.75×10-3 μm2,属于(中)低孔—低渗储集层。储层总体处于中成岩 A 期,依次经历了早期绿泥石形成、长石早期溶蚀→方解石、浊沸石沉淀→有机酸溶蚀、贴粒缝形成、钠长石形成→浊沸石溶蚀→石英溶蚀、晚期方解石、浊沸石、绿泥石充填的成岩过程。高能环境中沉积的水下分流河道砂体粒度粗、杂基少是优质储层形成的有利微相。压实作用、胶结作用是2种主要的减孔机制,浊沸石与自生绿泥石对储层物性的影响有着两面性。原生孔隙大量保存、溶蚀作用强烈,胶结作用弱等多方面制约着优质储层的发育,且原生孔隙的保存与绿泥石薄膜有关。浊沸石胶结物充填导致储层孔隙度较低,大量微裂缝的出现是提高砂体渗透率的关键。

关键词: 川中地区, 沙溪庙组, 成岩作用, 主控因素, 浊沸石, 绿泥石

Abstract:

The widely developed shallow-water delta sandbodies of Shaximiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin are an important area for tight gas exploration. The formation of favorable reservoirs is a key problem restricting efficient exploration. The diagenetic sequence of Shaximiao Formation is analyzed by means of SEM, CL, geochemistry, and the controlling factors of reservoir are discussed from the aspects of sedimentation and diagenesis. The reservoir in the study area is dominated by arkose sandstone, with an average porosity and permeability of 10.34% and 1.75×10-3 μm2, belonging to (middle) low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. The main diagenetic events of the reservoir are as follows: Early chlorite formation, early feldspar dissolution → calcite and laumontite precipitation → organic acid dissolution, microfracture formation, albite formation → zeolite dissolution → quartz dissolution, late calcite, laumontite and chlorite. The subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies with coarse grain size and less impurity base are favorable sedimentary microfacies for the formation of high-quality reservoirs in high-energy environment. Compaction and cementation are the most important pore reduction mechanisms, and the effects of laumonite and authentically chlorite on reservoir physical properties have two sides. The development of high quality reservoir is restricted by many factors such as large amount of preservation of primary pores, strong dissolution and weak cementation. The preservation of primary pores is related to chlorite films. The filling of laumonite cement results in low porosity, and the occurrence of a large number of micro-fractures is the key to improve the permeability of sand body.

Key words: Central Sichuan Basin, Shaximiao Formation, Diagenesis, Controlling factors, Laumontite, Chlorite

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

四川盆地构造位置及侏罗系地层综合柱状图(据文献[19]修改)"

图2

川中地区沙溪庙组沉积特征(a)含砾粗砂岩,金浅1井,1 692.57~1 692.80 m;(b)块状结构中砂岩,秋林16井,2 244.68~2 244.90 m;(c)平行层理中—细砂岩,秋林16 井, 2 245.74~2 245.92 m;(d)冲刷面,秋林16井,2 228.35~2 228.58 m;(e)浪成交错层理粉砂岩,金浅5H井, 2 141.75~2 141.93 m;(f)楔状交错层理细砂岩,中浅1井,1 809.30 m;(g)砂岩粒度含量分布;(h)磨圆分布;(i)分选特征;(j)胶结物特征"

图3

测井相基本类型(a)钟形曲线,秋林18井;(b)箱形曲线,金浅 1 井;(c)齿化箱形曲线,金浅7井;(d)漏斗形曲线,秋林16井;(e)指形曲线,金浅 7 井;(f)低幅齿形曲线,秋林17井"

图4

川中地区沙溪庙组储层基本特征(a)岩性三角图;(b)孔渗交会图;(c)孔隙度分布直方图;(d)渗透率分布直方图;(e)孔隙度与深度交会图;(f)渗透率与深度交会图"

图5

储集空间类型(a)颗粒边缘生长绿泥石环边,原生孔隙发育,永浅1井,2 246.77 m;(b)原生孔隙与次生溶孔,长石、喷出岩岩屑溶蚀,永浅1井,2 185.71 m;(c)浊沸石沿解理缝发生溶蚀,贴粒缝发育,可能与溶蚀作用相关,金浅7井,1 765.15 m;(d)铸模孔,中浅1井,2 244.42 m; (e)穿粒缝,金浅7井,1 765.30 m;(f)贴粒缝,金浅7井,1 765.15 m;(g)粒间孔隙中见次生石英晶体,秋林21井,2 458 .00 m;(h)长石颗粒被溶蚀破碎杂基化,溶蚀孔隙中见次生钠长石晶体,秋林21井,2 458.00 m;(i)石英晶体充填孔隙,叶片状绿泥石附于表面,残留粒间孔发育,金浅8井,2 718.68 mAlb为钠长石、Ca为方解石、Chl为绿泥石、Fdp为长石溶蚀孔隙、FD为长石溶蚀、l为伊利石、Kao为高岭石、Lit为岩屑、La为浊沸石、Mod为铸模孔、Q为石英颗粒、Qo为石英加大、Qa为自生石英颗粒"

图6

川中地区沙溪庙组成岩作用特征(a)石英次生加大边,公浅1井,1 778.99 m;(b)自生石英颗粒,中浅1井,2 244.22 m;(c)石英加大边与颗粒之间发育不完全的绿泥石环边,金浅2井,1 694.42 m;(d)石英次生加大,永浅1井,2 031.94 m,阴极发光;(e)绿泥石环边,金华9井,2 223.00 m;(f)连晶方解石充填早期溶蚀的长石,中浅1井,2 239.70 m;(g)浊沸石与方解石共生,金华9井,2 216.72 m;(h)基底式方解石,金浅2井,2 264.20 m,阴极发光;(i)孔隙充填状与交代状方解石,秋林16井,2 412.40 m;(j)孔隙衬里绿泥石,金浅7井,1 782.22 m;(k)浊沸石交代长石颗粒(黄色箭头),金华9井,2 223.00 m;(l)基底式浊沸石,金华9井,2 219.70 m;(m)浊沸石与绿泥石(红色箭头)共生,金华9井,2 219.71 m;(n)浊沸石充填生长石英加大边之后的孔隙,中浅1井,2 242.40 m;(o)浊沸石胶结,永浅1井,2 180.15 m,阴极发光;(p)绿泥石环边的双层结构,金华9井,2 223.00 m;(q)绿泥石和伊利石共生,秋林202井,2 271.17 m;(r)片状高岭石集合体,观浅1井,1 280.27 m;(s)板柱状浊沸石充填粒间孔隙,粒间次生孔缝发育,金浅8井,960.16 m;(t)搭桥状伊利石,秋林202井,2 264.70 m"

表1

沙溪庙组方解石碳氧同位素数据及温度计算"

地区层段井号深度/mδ13C/‰δ18O/‰温度/℃备注

金浅22 264.20-9.21-13.6988.73
金浅22 264.20-9.19-13.5988.19平行样品
金浅22 264.20-9.21-13.6488.46平行样品
中浅12 239.70-7.10-14.8494.94
中浅12 239.70-7.12-14.9495.48平行样品
金浅7974.69-7.56-13.5387.86
秋林162 415.62-13.89-16.78105.41
金浅7974.69-7.54-13.4887.59平行样品
秋林162 245.92-4.86-15.82100.23
秋林162 245.92-4.70-15.78100.01平行样品
沙一段磨溪0221 413.71-11.47-14.3392.18
磨溪0221 413.71-11.42-14.4192.61平行样品

图7

不同深度黏土矿物含量"

图8

川中地区沙溪庙组成岩演化序列"

图9

沉积作用与储层物性关系"

图10

川中地区沙溪庙组不同类型储层控制因素分析"

图11

负胶结孔隙度(a)和方解石与孔隙度关系(b)"

图12

川中地区沙溪庙组Ⅱ类储层储层特征分析"

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