天然气地球科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 742–754.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.01.012

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组油气显示及勘探前景

罗茂会1,2(),牟雨亮1,2,王甘露1,2(),陈正山3,石再平4,李信念5,李源洪5   

  1. 1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州省石油学会,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队,贵州 贵阳 550018
    4.贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局三总队,贵州 遵义 563000
    5.贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局106地质大队,贵州 遵义 563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30 修回日期:2022-01-12 出版日期:2022-05-10 发布日期:2022-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 王甘露 E-mail:luomaohui2021@163.com;932276955@qq.com
  • 作者简介:罗茂会(1996-),女,贵州正安人,硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质研究.E-mail:luomaohui2021@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技厅计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y037);贵州省地质勘查基金项目(208-9912-JBN-L1D7)

Prospects of oil and gas displays and exploration of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the northern Guizhou

Maohui LUO1,2(),Yuliang MU1,2,Ganlu WANG1,2(),Zhengshan CHEN3,Zaiping SHI4,Xinnian LI5,Yuanhong LI5   

  1. 1.College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
    2.Petroleum Society of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China
    3.No. 117 Geological Team,Guizhou Bureau of Geological Mineral Exploration and Development,Guiyang 550018,China
    4.The 3rd General Team of Guizhou Nonferrous Metals and Nuclear Industry Geological Survey Bureau,Zunyi 563000,China
    5.No. 106 Geological Party of Guizhou Bureau of Geological Mineral Exploration Development,Zunyi 563000,China
  • Received:2021-08-30 Revised:2022-01-12 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-05-12
  • Contact: Ganlu WANG E-mail:luomaohui2021@163.com;932276955@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    The Plan Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province, China(Grant No. Qiankehe Foundation [2020]4Y037);the Geological Exploration Fund Project of Guizhou Province, China(208-9912-JBN-L1D7)

摘要:

近年来,黔北地区多个向斜内中二叠统栖霞组灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层屡获天然气显示。为明确该层段在黔北地区是否具有天然气勘探前景,采用野外剖面测量、钻井岩心编录及实验分析测试等方法对黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层的发育分布特征及有机地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明:黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组主要分布于各向斜内,全区呈“东薄西厚”趋势,厚度达100~210 m;其中栖霞组顶部的灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层厚度大,为40~60 m;泥灰岩层组分富含有机质,TOC平均含量为0.77%,成熟度适中,RO值分布在2.08%~2.56%之间,处于过成熟阶段,有机质类型佳,为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,与已获得天然气突破的川东南地区具有相似的特征,具有良好的天然气勘探潜力。结合研究区地质构造特征,划分出天然气勘探Ⅰ类有利区15个,Ⅱ类有利区7个,总面积达5 392.9 km2,未来可在这些有利区内勘探龙马溪组页岩气时兼探栖霞组灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层天然气。勘探开发一旦取得成功,将成为黔北及邻区继龙马溪组页岩气之后的又一具有广阔勘探前景的新层系。

关键词: 油气显示, 非常规天然气, 勘探潜力, 灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层, 栖霞组, 黔北地区

Abstract:

In recent years, the limestone-marl alternations of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation within several synclines in northern Guizhou have repeatedly shown natural gas. To clarify whether the formation has the prospect of natural gas exploration in the northern Guizhou, the developmental distribution characteristics, and organic geochemical characteristics of the limestone-marl alternations of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the northern Guizhou were investigated by using field profile measurements, drilling core compilation and experimental analysis tests. The results show that the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in northern Guizhou is mainly distributed in the core of each syncline, with a thickness of 100-210 m, and gradually thin from northwest to southeast. The thickness of the limestone-marl alternations at the top of the Qixia Formation is large of 40-60 m; the marl component in the limestone-marl alternations is rich in organic matter, with an average TOC content of 0.77%; its maturity is moderate, with RO in the range from 2.08% to 2.56%, which is in the over-mature stage, and the organic matter type is excellent, being Type I and II. It has similar characteristics with southeast Sichuan Basin where gas breakthrough has been achieved and has good potential for gas exploration. Combined with the geological and tectonic characteristics, the study area is divided into 15 favorable zones of gas exploration types I and seven favorable zones of type II, with a total area of 5392.9 km2. If the future exploration of Longmaxi Formation shale gas in these favorable areas is combined with the natural gas exploration in the limestone-marl alternations of Qixia Formation, once the exploration and development are successful, it will become another new layer system with broad exploration prospects after the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in northern Guizhou and its adjacent areas.

Key words: Hydrocarbon shows, Unconventional natural gas, Exploration potential, Limestone-marl alternations, Qixia Formation, Northern Guizhou

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

黔北地区区域地质及栖霞组底界埋深和厚度分布等值线图Ⅰ.赤水陆相盆地区;Ⅱ.遵义台地区;Ⅲ.都匀陆源盆地区;a.洛龙向斜铝土矿区块;b.道真向斜大沙坝铝土矿区块;c.安场向斜铝土矿区块;d.班竹向斜东山铝土矿区块;e.班竹向斜旦坪铝土矿区块;①桑木场断层;②赫章—遵义断裂;③遵义—贵阳断裂;④正安—桐梓断裂;⑤德江—息烽断裂;⑥关塘断层;⑦水银场断层"

图2

黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组地层特征柱状图(习水野外露头实测剖面)"

图3

道真洛龙向斜钻孔(井)分布(a)及AB勘探线剖面(b)"

图4

灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层特征(a)岩心特征;(b)野外露头特征;(c)白云岩化特征;(d)野外露头风化特征;(e)泥灰岩镜下特征;(f)灰岩镜下特征"

图5

黔北地区栖霞组连井剖面"

图6

黔北地区栖霞组③层灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层厚度分布"

图7

有机碳含量分布频率"

图8

固体有机质拉曼光谱"

表 1

黔北地区与川东南地区灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层有机地球化学特征比较"

项目TOC/%RO/%厚度/m储集空间埋深/m
綦江20泥质灰岩0.07~2.410.831.71~2.181.9459~89晶间孔、粒间溶孔以、裂缝1 200~4 350
泥晶灰岩0.03~0.880.17
南川16泥质灰岩+泥晶灰岩0.08~5.10.671.83~2.782.3175粒内溶蚀孔、粒缘溶蚀缝1 000~1 250
涪陵11泥质灰岩0.21~2.410.861.71~2.181.9440~50粒缘孔(缝)、成岩收缩孔(缝)、有机质孔和裂缝
泥晶灰岩0.03~0.430.13
研究区泥质灰岩0.41~2.210.772.55~3.343.03640~60溶蚀孔洞、裂缝500~4 000
泥晶灰岩0.02~0.790.37

表2

黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层碳酸盐岩烃源岩气有利区分布"

构造

区带

序号向斜名称Ⅰ类有利区面积 /km2Ⅱ类有利区面积 /km2
赤水陆相盆地区(1)复兴背斜0250.4
(2)宝源背斜043
(3)官渡背斜0204.5
(4)隆兴向斜223.4882.3
遵义台地区茅台向斜715.8389.1
二郎向斜35.656.5
松坎向斜332.7161.9
五马—楚米向斜862.382.6
养龙司向斜35.80
花大坪向斜490
安场向斜101.10
道真向斜302.57.8
洛龙向斜35.90
桃园向斜79.60
?浞水向斜125.40
?务川向斜158.20
?绥阳向斜150.40
?高山向斜107.10

图9

黔北地区中二叠统栖霞组灰岩—泥灰岩韵律层碳酸盐岩烃源岩气有利区划分(图中向斜序号见表2)Ⅰ.赤水陆相盆地区;Ⅱ.遵义台地区"

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