天然气地球科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 807–819.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.12.011

• 天然气勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P—T转换期层序结构、坡折发育及油气地质意义

曹正林(),李攀(),王瑞菊   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-07 修回日期:2022-01-06 出版日期:2022-05-10 发布日期:2022-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 李攀 E-mail:caozl@petrochina.com.cn;panlicc@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:曹正林(1970-),男,重庆合川人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事含油气盆地评价、储层地质及油藏描述研究.E-mail:caozl@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家科技重大专项“大型地层油气藏形成条件、分布规律与勘探方向”(2017ZX05001001-007);中石油“十四五”前瞻性基础性重大科技项目“岩性油气藏群富集规律与有利区带评价技术研究”(2021DJ0404)

Sequence architecture, slope-break development and hydrocarbon implications of the Mahu Sag during the P-T transition, Junggar Basin

Zhenglin CAO(),Pan LI(),Ruiju WANG   

  1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2021-09-07 Revised:2022-01-06 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-05-12
  • Contact: Pan LI E-mail:caozl@petrochina.com.cn;panlicc@petrochina.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    The China National Science and Technology Major Project of the 13th Five-Year(2017ZX05001001-007);the Frontier and Fundamental Major Science and Technology Project for 14th Five-Year(2021DJ0404)

摘要:

对应晚二叠世—早三叠世地球系统转换期(简称P—T转换期),准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P3-T1经历了从前陆冲断向整体拗陷的转变,发育T1/P、P3w/P2w 2期大型不整合及上乌尔禾组(P3w)、百口泉组(T1b)2套退覆型低位沉积,形成了一批大型—特大型砾岩油田。针对T1/P和P3w/P2w 2个三级层序界面,识别出与构造挠曲和侵蚀作用相关的2类坡折带:构造挠曲坡折带受控于持续性古隆起,控制层序界面之上地层向斜坡高部位逐层“单向超覆”,侵蚀坡折带受控于古残丘,控制层序界面之上地层向古残丘“双向超覆”或沿下切沟谷低位充填。2类坡折带均控制地层沉积变化,有利于形成上倾超覆型、低位充填型和地层削截型岩性地层圈闭。研究成果对于指导古地貌背景坡折控制下的大型岩性地层油气藏勘探具有重要意义。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 玛湖凹陷, P—T转换期, 挠曲坡折带, 侵蚀坡折带

Abstract:

Corresponding to the transitional period of the earth system from Late Permian to Early Triassic times (referred to as the P-T transition period), the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin experienced a transition from a foreland basin to a large depression lake basin, with the development of two sets of unconformities(T1/P and P3w/P2w) and two sets of lowstand deposits, the Upper Wuerhe Formation (P3w) and Baikouquan Formation (T1b) that host a series of large or giant conglomerate oil fields. For the two third-order sequence boundaries T1/P and P3/P2, two types of slope-break zones which are associated with flexure or erosion have been identified: flexural slope-break zone is controlled by a persistent paleo-uplift and controls the layer-by-layer “unidirectional onlapping” of the strata above the sequence boundary towards the higher part of the slope; while erosional slope-break zone is controlled by the erosional remnant of plaeo-mounds. It is typically characterized by “two-way onlapping” towards the residual mounds or filling along the lower part of the valleys. The two types of slope-break zones both control changes in stratigraphy and sedimentation, and are conducive to the formation of lithostratigraphic traps of up-dip onlapping, lowstand filling and truncated types. The research results are of great significance to guide the exploration of large-scale lithostratigraphic plays under the control of paleotopography.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Mahu Sag, P-T transition, Flexural slope-break zone, Erosional slope-break zone

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷位置及地层发育概况(a)玛湖凹陷构造单元及地震剖面位置图;(b)玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系综合地层柱状图"

图2

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系二级层序(SSQ1-3)结构特征(剖面位置见图1)"

图3

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P—T转换期地层分布及其与下伏地层接触关系(据文献[3]修改)(a)P3w地层分布及其与下伏地层接触关系;(b)P3b地层分布及其与下伏地层接触关系"

图4

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P—T转换期连井层序剖面及地层叠置样式(据文献[3],修改;剖面位置见图1)"

图5

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P—T转换期层序结构样式"

图6

玛北斜坡区剖面侵蚀坡折发育特征(剖面位置见图8)"

图7

中拐斜坡构造挠曲坡折发育特征(剖面位置见图8)"

图8

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷P—T转换期(乌尔禾组和百口泉组)地层残余厚度及坡折分布(A-A', B-B'据图6,图7剖面位置)(a)上乌尔禾组残余厚度图及坡折分布; (b)百口泉组残余厚度图及坡折分布"

图9

玛湖凹陷转换期2类坡折控制地层沉积模式(剖面位置见图8)"

图10

中拐斜坡构造挠曲坡折对地层沉积控制"

图11

玛北斜坡区侵蚀坡折对百口泉组—克下段地层控制作用"

图12

玛北斜坡区侵蚀坡折对百口泉组—克下段砂砾岩体和油藏的控制作用"

1 YING H F,SONG H J. Mass extinction and pangea integration during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences,2013,56(11):1791-1803.
2 EMBRY A F. Global sequence boundaries of the Triassic and their recognition in the western Canada Sedimentary Basin[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1997,45: 415-433.
3 李攀, 李永强, 经俭波, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北部P—T转换期不整合的发育演化特征及意义[J]. 古地理学报,2020,22(4):693-715.
LI P, LI Y Q, JING J B, et al. Unconformities formed during the P-T transition in the northwestern Junggar Basin: Nature, evolution and implications[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2020, 22(4): 693-715.
4 唐勇,徐洋,李亚哲,等. 玛湖凹陷大型浅水退覆式扇三角洲沉积模式及勘探意义[J]. 新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):16-22.
TANG Y, XU Y, LI Y Z, et al. Sedimentation model and exploration significance of large-scaled shallow retrogradation fan delta in Mahu Sag[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2018,39(1):16-22.
5 支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,等. 玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践[J]. 新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):1-8.
ZHI D M,TANG Y, ZHENG M L, et al. Discovery,distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of above⁃source conglomerate in Mahu Sag[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2018,39(1):1-8.
6 杜金虎,支东明,唐勇,等. 准噶尔盆地上二叠统风险领域分析与沙湾凹陷战略发现[J].中国石油勘探,2019,24(1):24-35.
DU J H, ZHI D M, TANG Y, et al. Prospects in Upper Permian and strategic discovery in Shawan Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(1):24-35.
7 何海清,支东明,唐勇,等. 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷康探 1 井重大突破及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探,2021,26(2):1-11.
HE H Q,ZHI D M,TANG Y,et al. A great discovery of Well Kangtan 1 in the Fukang Sag in the Junggar Basin and its significance[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2021,26(2):1-11.
8 钱海涛,苏东旭,阿布力米提·依明,等. 准噶尔盆地盆 1 井西凹陷斜坡区油气地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学,2021,32(4):551-561.
QIAN H T,SU D X,ABLIMIT Y M,et al. Petroleum geological characteristics and exploration potential in slope area of Well Pen-1 Western Depression in Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2021,32(4):551-561.
9 陈建平,查明,柳广弟,等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘斜坡区不整合面在油气成藏中的作用[J]. 石油大学学报,2000,24(4):75-78.
CHEN J P,ZHA M,LIU G D, et al. Importance of unconformity in oil and gas accumulation in the northwestern slope of Jung-gar Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2000,24(4):75-78.
10 吴孔友,查明,柳广弟. 准噶尔盆地二叠系不整合面及其油气运聚特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2002, 29(2): 53-54.
WU K Y, ZHA M, LIU G D. The unconformity surface in the Permian of Junggar Basin and the characters of oil-gas migration and accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploratoin and Development,2002,29(2):53-54.
11 曹剑,胡文瑄,张义杰,等. 准噶尔盆地油气沿不整合运移的主控因素分析[J]. 沉积学报,2006,24(3):399-406.
CAO J, HU W X, ZHANG Y J, et al. The main factor controlling petroleum migration along unconformity in the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentological Simica,2006,24(3):399-406.
12 唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等. 玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J]. 新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.
TANG Y, XU Y, QU J H, et al. Fan-delta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan reservoirs in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):628-635.
13 任本兵, 瞿建华, 王泽胜, 等. 玛湖凹陷三叠纪古地貌对沉积的分级控制作用[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(5):81-89.
REN B B, QU J H, WANG Z S, et al. Hierarchical control function of the Paleogeomorphology in Triassic period to sedimentary in Mahu Sag[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2016,38(5):81-89.
14 韩宝,王昌伟,盛世锋,等 . 准噶尔盆地中拐—五区二叠系不 整合面对油气成藏控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学,2017,28 (12):1821-1828.
HAN B,WANG C W,SHENG S F,et al. Controls of the Per-mian unconformity on reservoir formation in Zhongguai district 5 of Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(12):1821-1828.
15 宋勇,周路,吴勇,等. 准噶尔盆地玛东地区百口泉组多物源砂体分布预测[J]. 新疆石油地质,2019,40(6):631-637.
SONG Y, ZHOU L, WU Y, et al. Prediction of mult-provenance sand body distribution in Triassic Baikouquan Formation of Madong area,Junggar Basin[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019,40(6):631-637.
16 邹妞妞,张大权,史基安,等. 准噶尔盆地中拐凸起二叠系上乌尔禾组油气成藏及其主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021,32(4):540-550.
ZOU N N, ZHANG D Q, SHI J A, et al. Formation conditions and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation of the Upper Wuerhe Formation of Permian in Zhongguai Uplift,Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2021,32(4):540-550.
17 何登发,吴松涛,赵龙,等.环玛湖凹陷二叠—三叠纪的构造—沉积背景及其演化[J]. 新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):35-47.
HE D F, WU S T, ZHAO L, et al. Tectono-depositional setting and its evolution during Permian to Triassic around Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):35-47.
18 瞿建华,杨荣荣,唐勇. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系源上砂砾岩扇—断—压三控大面积成藏模式[J]. 地质学报,2019,93(4):915-927.
QU J H, YANG R R, TANG Y. Large-area petroleum accumulation model of the Triassic glutenite reservoirs in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin: Triple controls of fan, fault and over pressure[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2019,93(4):915-927.
19 雷德文,陈刚强,刘海磊,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷大油(气)区形成条件与勘探方向研究[J]. 地质学报,2017,91(7): 1604-1619.
LEI D W, CHEN G Q, LIU H L, et al. Study on the forming conditions and exploration fields of the Mahu giant oil (gas) province,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(7): 1604-1619.
20 CATUNEANU O. Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier,2006:1-375.
21 ZECCHIN M, CATUNEANU O. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of clastic shelves I: Units and bounding surfaces[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,39(1):1-25.
22 郑孟林,樊向东,何文军,等. 准噶尔盆地深层地质结构叠加演变与油气赋存[J]. 地学前缘, 2019,26(1) : 22-32.
ZHENG M L, FAN X D, HE W J, et al. Superposition of deep geological structure evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Junggar Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2019,26(1) : 22-32.
23 何登发. 不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2): 142-149.
HE D F. Structure of unconformity and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(2): 142-149.
24 何登发. “下削上超”地层不整合的基本类型与地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2018,45(6) :995-1006.
HE D F. Basic types and geologic significance of “truncation and onlap” unconformities[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):995-1006.
25 牟中海,何琰,唐勇,等. 准噶尔盆地陆西地区不整 合 与 油 气成藏的关系[J]. 石油学报,2005,26(3):16-20.
MOU Z H, HE Y, TANG Y, et al. Relation of unconformity with hydrocarbon accumulation in Luxi area of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):16-20.
26 隋风贵. 准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化及其与油气成藏的关系[J]. 地质学报,2015,89(4):779-793.
SUI F G. Tectonic evolution and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(4):779-793.
27 VAIL P R, MITCHUM R M. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 4: Global cycles of relative changes of sea level[C]// PAYTON C E. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration.Okalahoma:American Association of Petroleum Geologists, AAPG Memoir,1977,26:83-97.
28 WAGONER J C, POSAMENTIER H W, MITCHUM R M, et al. An overview of the fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions[C]//WILGUS C, HASTINGS B S, KENDALL C G, et al. Sea Level Changes: An Integrated Approach. Oklahoma: Society of Economic Paleontologist and Mineralogists,SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:39-46.
29 POSAMENTIER H, JERVEY M, VAIL P. Eustatic controls on clastic depositionI-conceptual framework[C]// WILGUS C, HASTINGS B S, KENDALL C G, et al. Sea Level Changes: An Integrated Approach. Oklahoma, Society of Economic Paleontologist and Mineralogists,SEPM Special Pu-blication,1988,42:109-124.
30 林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等. “构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2000,25(3):260-266.
LIN C S, PAN Y L, XIAO J X, et al. Structural slope-break zone: Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin[J]. Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2000,25(3):260-266.
31 王英民, 刘豪, 李立诚,等. 准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型及分布特征[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2002,27(6):683-688.
WANG Y M, LIU H, LI L C, et al. Types and distribution characteristics of slope breaks of large-type down-warped lake basins[J]. Earth Science (Journal of China University of Geosciences),2002,27(6):683-688.
32 刘豪, 王英明, 王媛,等. 大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的研究及其意义——以准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗纪坳陷湖盆为例[J]. 沉积学报,2004,22(1):95-102.
LIU H, WANG Y M, WANG Y, et al. Study on slope breaks in large down warped lake basins and its significance: A case study from Jurassic lake in northwestern Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):95-102.
33 刘豪, 王英民. 准噶尔盆地坳陷湖盆坡折带在非构造圈闭勘探中的应用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2004,25(4):422-427.
LIU H,WANG Y M.Significance of slope break zones in do-wnwarped lake basins to exploration of non-structural traps in Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2004,25(4):422-427.
34 李啸,刘海磊,王学勇,等. 坡折带砂体成因及分布规律——以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统清水河组为例[J]. 岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):35-42.
LI X, LIU H L, WANG X Y, et al. Origin and distribution of sandbody in slope break zone:A case study of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):35-42.
35 费李莹,王仕莉,吴 涛. 坡折带对砂质碎屑流沉积的控制作用——以准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷及周缘侏罗系三工河组为例[J]. 油气地质与采收率,2020,27(2):26-34.
FEI L Y, WANG S L, WU T. Control of slope break zone on sandy debris flow deposition:A case study of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in west sag of Well Pen-1 and its periphery in Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2020,27(2):26-34.
[1] 唐勇, 郑孟林, 王霞田, 王韬, 谢再波, 秦臻, 黑晨露, 成虎, 高远, 陶辉飞. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩沉积古环境[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(5): 677-692.
[2] 费李莹, 王仕莉, 苏昶, 刘钰, 江祖强, 杨梦云, 李勇广, 彭海军. 准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷东斜坡侏罗系三工河组油气成藏特征及控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(5): 708-719.
[3] 孟颖, 靳军, 高崇龙, 李际, 刘明, 刘可, 王柯, 任影, 邓毅. 准噶尔盆地南缘西段白垩系深层储层特征及物性保存机制[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(2): 218-232.
[4] 李二庭, 米巨磊, 周波, 马聪, 陈世加, 张晓刚, 刘翠敏. 准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区白垩系生物降解与成藏地球化学特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(9): 1384-1392.
[5] 刘刚, 李建忠, 齐雪峰, 朱明, 袁波, 庞志超. 准噶尔盆地南缘西段下部成藏组合油气藏形成过程[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(7): 1009-1021.
[6] 邹妞妞, 张大权, 史基安, 鲁新川, 张顺存. 准噶尔盆地中拐凸起二叠系上乌尔禾组油气成藏及其主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(4): 540-550.
[7] 钱海涛, 苏东旭, 阿布力米提·依明null, 王学勇, 李宗浩, 王国栋. 准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷斜坡区油气地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(4): 551-561.
[8] 张志杰, 成大伟, 周川闽, 余宽宏. 准噶尔盆地石树沟凹陷平地泉组细粒岩特征及其对准东北地区页岩油勘探的指示意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(4): 562-576.
[9] 贾腾飞, 王猛, 高星月, 赵健光, 朱俊卿. 低阶煤储层孔隙结构特征及分形模型评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(3): 423-436.
[10] 尤新才, 高岗, 吴俊, 赵建宇, 刘诗局, 段延娟. 准噶尔盆地玛南地区风城组烃源岩地球化学特征及有效性差异[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(11): 1697-1708.
[11] 张兆辉, 杜社宽, 张顺存. 利用测井信息预测火成岩缝洞储集层压后产量[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(8): 1185-1194.
[12] 陈军, 陈静, 李娜, 王忠泉. 准噶尔盆地东部石炭系天然气勘探潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 952-961.
[13] 陈爱章, 刘文锋, 谢天寿, 王怀武, 齐洪岩, 周隶华, 陈轩, 孙德强, 朱丹萍. 火山岩孔缝型油气藏产能特征及控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 877-889.
[14] 李二庭, 王汇彤, 王剑, 刘向军, 翁娜, 王海静. 准噶尔盆地乌夏地区生物降解原油中饱和烃组成解析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(4): 462-470.
[15] 王毅, 李俊飞, 彭家琼, 魏璞, 唐宏, 张顺存, 郭晖. 准噶尔盆地SN31井区白垩系清一段一砂组沉积相及储层主控因素分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(2): 194-208.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 杜乐天;. 地球的5个气圈与中地壳天然气开发[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(1): 25 -30 .
[2] 陶明信;沈平;徐永昌;费富安;罗继坤;. 苏北盆地幔源氦气藏的特征与形成条件[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1997, 8(3): 1 -8 .
[3] 王连生;刘立;郭占谦;马志红;迟东辉;. 大庆油田伴生气中硫化氢成因的探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(1): 51 -54 .
[4] 王香增, 杜海峰. 崖城13-1气田古近系渐新统陵三段储层特征与沉积微相分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2009, 20(4): 497 -503 .
[5] 王孝, 贺振华, 王述江, 冯会元, 王西林. 多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2010, 21(2): 316 -320 .
[6] 陈国俊, 李超, 梁建设, 王琪, 吕成福, 张锦伟, 杜贵超, 田兵. 东海陆架盆地瓯江凹陷明月峰组沉积相及沉积特征分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2011, 22(5): 760 -769 .
[7] 杜建国; 刘文汇; . 三水盆地天然气中的氦和氩同位素地球化学研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1991, 2(6): 283 -285 .
[8] 刘进琪; 朱岳年; . 萨克蒙托盆地天然气中的幔源氦[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1994, 5(2): 22 -27 .
[9] 张子枢; . 四川盆地天然气中的氦[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1992, 3(4): 1 -8 .
[10] 孙明良; . 氦同位素在天然气地质学上的作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1994, 5(5): 1 -5 .