天然气地球科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 794–805.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.04.011

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

川西北部泥盆系观雾山组超深层碳酸盐岩储层特征及形成机制

林怡(),陈聪,徐诗雨,杨帆,曾乙洋,黎洋,赵春妮,杨京,何开来   

  1. 中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-21 修回日期:2021-04-16 出版日期:2021-06-10 发布日期:2021-05-24
  • 作者简介:林怡(1987-),女,四川南充人,工程师,硕士,主要从事油气地质与勘探研究. E-mail:linyi02cc@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2017JY0048)

Characteristics and formation mechanism of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the Devonian Guanwushan Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin

Yi LIN(),Cong CHEN,Shi-yu XU,Fan YANG,Yi-yang ZENG,Yang LI,Chun-ni ZHAO,Jing YANG,Kai-lai HE   

  1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2021-03-21 Revised:2021-04-16 Online:2021-06-10 Published:2021-05-24
  • Supported by:
    The Science and Technology Projects of Sichuan Province, China(2017JY0048)

摘要:

近期川西北部泥盆系ST3、ST10井相继获气,展示出区内泥盆系观雾山组具有较大的勘探潜力。但目前对观雾山组储层特征和成因认识不清,为进一步推动川西北部泥盆系观雾山组超深层海相碳酸盐岩勘探进程,以野外露头和岩心为研究对象,通过开展岩心观察、薄片鉴定、微量元素测试及同位素研究等方法对储层特征及形成机制进行研究。结果表明,川西北部泥盆系观雾山组发育一套以生屑白云岩和角砾白云岩为主的碳酸盐岩储层,储集空间主要以溶蚀孔洞为主,物性分析数据呈低孔、特低渗储层特征。综合分析认为,观雾山组储层是多种因素耦合作用的结果,其中滩相沉积环境是储层形成的基础,同生期的白云石化作用以及多期岩溶改造是储层形成的主控因素。

关键词: 白云岩储层, 超深层, 储层特征, 形成机制, 观雾山组, 川西北部

Abstract:

Recently, the Devonian exploration wells in northwestern Sichuan Basin have obtained gas successively, which shows that the Devonian Guanwushan Formation in the area has great exploration potential. In order to further promote the exploration process of ultra-deep marine carbonate rocks in the Devonian Guanwushan Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin, the field outcrops and cores were taken as the research objects, and the reservoir characteristics and formation mechanism were studied via core observation, thin section identification, trace element testing and isotope study. The results show that: A set of carbonate reservoirs mainly composed of bioclastic dolomite and breccia dolomite are developed in the Devonian Guanwushan Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin, the reservoir space is mainly composed of dissolution pores, the physical property analysis data show the characteristics of low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir. Comprehensive analysis shows that the reservoir of Guanwushan Formation is the result of coupling action of many factors, among which beach facies sedimentary environment is the basis of reservoir formation, and contemporaneous dolomitization and multi-stage karst transformation are the main controlling factors of reservoir formation. The research results can provide important enlightenment for Devonian dolomite exploration in northwestern Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Dolomite reservoir, Ultra-deep, Reservoir characteristics, Formation mechanism, Guanwushan Formation, Northwestern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2+3

图1

区域地质概况"

图2

ST3井观雾山组储层四性关系"

图3

川西北部观雾山组储集岩岩心、薄片照片(a)ST3井,观雾山组,7 575.33 m,生屑白云岩,岩心照片;(b)ST3井,观雾山组,7 582.58 m,角砾状白云岩,岩心照片;(c)ST 9井,观雾山组,7 821.98 m,角砾状白云岩,溶蚀孔隙发育,岩心照片;(d)ST3井,观雾山组,7 582.80 m,细—中晶白云岩,孔隙充填自形白云石和沥青,薄片照片,(-);(e)ST8井,观雾山组,7 575.45 m,残余生物白云岩,薄片照片(-);(f)ST9井,观雾山组,7 814.94 m,细—中晶白云岩,薄片照片(-)"

图4

川西北部观雾山组储层储集空间类型(a)ST3井,观雾山组,7 574.78~7 574.97 m,生物体腔孔(加石膏试板);(b)ST3井,观雾山组,7 565.80~7 565.97 m,电镜扫描,白云石晶间孔;(c)ST9井,观雾山组,7 816.20~7 816.29 m,细—中晶白云岩,溶孔、溶洞发育;(d)ST3井,观雾山组,7 584.46~7 584.60 m,细—中晶白云岩,溶孔、溶洞发育;(e)ST8井,观雾山组,7 501.78~7 501.9 m,早期裂缝被晚期微裂缝错断;(f)何家梁剖面,观雾山组,柱塞样CT扫描,溶洞发育,裂缝沟通溶洞"

图5

川西北部观雾山组储层物性特征(a)孔隙度分布直方图;(b)渗透率分布直方图;(c)孔隙度—渗透率关系图"

图6

川西北部观雾山组白云岩薄片、岩心照片(a)ST8井,观雾山组,7 579.32 m,含石膏泥晶云岩;(b)ST8井,观雾山组,7 502.47 m,波状层理;(c)ST8井,观雾山组,7 502.34 m,泥质纹层"

图7

川西北部观雾山组白云岩分布与沉积相剖面"

图8

川西北部青川何家梁泥盆系白云岩有序度分布散点图"

图9

川西北部泥盆系观雾山组白云岩阴极发光特征(a)何家梁剖面,观雾山组,中晶云岩,白云岩基质,白云石晶体以他形为主,阴极发光;(b)何家梁剖面,观雾山组,细晶云岩,白云岩基质,白云石晶体以他形为主,阴极发光"

图10

川西北部泥盆系观雾山组白云岩锶同位素散点图"

图11

川西北部观雾山组白云岩稀土元素配分模式"

图12

川西北部观雾山组表生岩溶特征(a)青川何家梁剖面,观雾山组,岩溶角砾;(b)青川大木垭剖面,观雾山组,岩溶裂缝,溶洞发育;(c)青川何家梁剖面,石炭系—泥盆系观雾山组界面;(d)青川何家梁剖面,观雾山组,肉红色角砾云岩,溶蚀孔洞半充填自形白云石;(e)ST8井,观雾山组,7 501 m,早期拉张缝被白云石胶结充填,铸体薄片(-);(f)ST8井,观雾山组,7 503 m,早期溶孔被自形白云石和泥质充填,铸体薄片(-)"

图13

川西北部观雾山组不同岩性储层物性分布"

图14

川西北部观雾山组储层形成机制简图"

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