天然气地球科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 1–16.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.12.019

• 综述与评述 •    下一篇

“十四五”是中国天然气工业大发展期——对中国“十四五”天然气勘探开发的一些建议

戴金星1(),倪云燕1(),董大忠1(),秦胜飞1,朱光有1,黄士鹏1,于聪1,龚德瑜1,洪峰1,张延玲1,严增民1,刘全有2,吴小奇2,冯子齐3   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    3.中国石油大学(华东),山东 青岛 266580
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-10 修回日期:2021-01-06 出版日期:2021-01-10 发布日期:2021-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 倪云燕,董大忠 E-mail:djx@petrochina.com.cn;niyy@petrochina.com.cn;ddz@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:戴金星(1935-),男,浙江温州人,中国科学院院士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事天然气地质与地球化学研究. E-mail:djx@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2013B-0601);中国科学院地学部咨询评议项目(2018-G01-B-005);中国石油天然气股份有限公司直属院所基础研究和战略储备技术研究基金项目(2017D-5008-08);四川省自然资源厅项目(2018-2020);中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技项目(2019B-04);国家自然科学基金杰出青年项目(41625009)

2021-2025 is a period of great development of China's natural gas industry: Suggestions on the exploration and development of natural gas during the 14th Five-Year Plan in China

Jin-xing DAI1(),Yun-yan NI1(),Da-zhong DONG1(),Sheng-fei QIN1,Guang-you ZHU1,Shi-peng HUANG1,Cong YU1,De-yu GONG1,Feng HONG1,Yan-ling ZHANG1,Zeng-min YAN1,Quan-you LIU2,Xiao-qi WU2,Zi-qi FENG3   

  1. 1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Petroleum Exploration& Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China
    3.China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China
  • Received:2020-12-10 Revised:2021-01-06 Online:2021-01-10 Published:2021-02-04
  • Contact: Yun-yan NI,Da-zhong DONG E-mail:djx@petrochina.com.cn;niyy@petrochina.com.cn;ddz@petrochina.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    The Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2013B-0601);The Consultation and Evaluation Project of Earth Sciences Division of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018-G01-B-005);The Basic Research and Strategic Reserve Technology Research Fund of the Affiliated Institutions of China National Petroleum Corporation(2017D-5008-08);The Project of the Department of Natural Resources of Sichuan Province, China(2018-2020);The Major Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2019B-04);The Outstanding Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41625009)

摘要:

世界10个产气大国中仅有美国、俄罗斯和伊朗年产量达2 500×108 m3或更多,预计2025年中国年产气量将达到2 500×108 m3。中国天然气工业大发展有3个依据:①天然气资源丰富而探明率低,仅为8.6%,具有更快发展的资源优势;②过去35年,天然气产量持续增长,具有更快发展的增长优势;③2006年以来,天然气剩余可采储量逐年上扬,具有更快发展的储量优势。近10年的天然气年产量增长率、天然气剩余可采储量和天然气储采比都支持中国2025年年产气量达2 500×108 m3。最后提出中国“十四五”加快天然气勘探开发的建议:①开辟鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系页岩气勘探开发新领域;②攻克3个(北天山山前坳陷、柴北坳陷和西湖凹陷)隐伏煤系潜在大气区;③加速已探明的陵水17?2气田等探明地质储量1 000×108 m3以上的7个大气田的开发;④增加气井和超深层探井的钻探。

关键词: 中国, 天然气, 大发展, 年产气量2 500×108 m3, 储量, 产量, 储采比

Abstract:

Among the world's 10 major gas producing countries, only the United States, Russia and Iran have annual gas production of 2 500×108 m3 or more. China is expected to have gas output of 2 500×108 m3 in 2025. There are three bases for the great development of natural gas industry in China: Firstly, the natural gas resources are rich and the proved rate is low and only 8.6%, so it has the resource advantage for faster development; Secondly, over the past 35 years, natural gas production continues to grow, with the growth advantage for faster development; Finally, since 2006, the remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas are increasing year by year, showing the reserve advantage for faster development. In recent 10 years, China's annual natural gas production growth rate, remaining recoverable reserves and reserve production ratio of natural gas support that China's annual gas production in 2025 will reach 2 500×108 m3. Suggestions for accelerating natural gas exploration and development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period: (1) Opening new exploration and development fields of Carboniferous-Permian shale gas in Ordos Basin; (2) Explore three potential large gas districts with hidden coal measures in the northern Tianshan Piedown Depression, Qaidam Depression and Xihu Sag; (3) Accelerate the development of seven large gas fields with proved reserves over 1 000×108 m3, such as Lingshui 17-2 Gas Field; (4) Increasing the drilling of gas wells and ultra-deep exploration wells.

Key words: China, Natural gas, Great development, Annual gas production of 2 500×108 m3, Gas reserves, Gas production, Reserve and production ratio

中图分类号: 

  • TE122

图1

世界年产气量1 000×108 m3以上十国分布(国家位置不同色柱代表该国历年曾经达到的产量级别,色柱加斜线则表示历年曾经达到但现在没达到的产量级别)"

表1

世界年产气量1 000×108 m3级以上的十大产气国重要勘探开发参数"

国家总可采资源量5/(1012 m32019年底 探明累计 可采储量 /(1012 m32019年年产1 000×108 m3沉积岩 面积10/(104 km2总可采 资源丰度 /(104 m3/km2探明累计可采 储量丰度 /(104 m3/km2

探明

率 /%

常规非常规总量产量7/(108 m3排名产量 /(108 m3年份
美国31.939.070.952.454 911 579.4819951943803882.9653.274.0
俄罗斯123.830.0153.876.247 06 790.421 08619641 0601 450.9719.349.6
伊朗65.211.977.136.492 62 441.63994.8200867.711 388.55 390.347.3
卡塔尔53.0053.025.938 81 781.341 09820104.3123 255.860 322.848.7
中国48.437.085.457.365 71 761.7951 027.12011574.81 485.7128.18.6
加拿大14.715.830.59.046 71 731.069871987647.5471.0139.729.7
澳大利亚11.414.525.94.672 91 534.671 104.22017630411.174.218.0
挪威7.007.03.712 41 143.98991.6200813.15 343.52 833.953.0
沙特20.48.929.310.658 31 136.49992.320151491 966.4715.336.4
英国6.606.61.974 4396.319958.7199837.41 764.7527.929.9

图2

1949—2019年中国天然气(包括煤成气)年产量统计及产量增长阶段划分"

表2

近十年来世界主要天然气产气大国年新增天然气产量"

国家新增天然气产量/(108 m3
2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年
美国146.80458.90440.70-32.00439.70474.20-128.8021.202 509.911 010.03
俄罗斯1 089.30142.4019.80279.70-328.005.2039.30430.50-140.7799.32
伊朗402.70340.60-109.00-21.200.000.000.30-0.30803.1758.28
卡塔尔348.4072.9025.50-7.10854.00-159.70-14.70367.70-471.7316.41
中国115.9063.0041.6098.30131.1044.5022.60111.60122.40159.00
加拿大-12.708.00-50.5036.9015.5041.30135.10126.5036.72-59.27
澳大利亚28.80-2.9034.5021.9079.80-54.8032.40541.60196.83233.61
挪威25.20-50.40129.30-55.60-3.20109.4030.0020.50-30.03-69.01
沙特-18.3059.9068.8010.500.000.000.000.00271.5015.44
英国-27.30-120.70-87.60-43.300.000.005.9032.7021.59-8.90

图3

中国“十一五”至“十三五”期间历年天然气剩余可采储量统计"

图4

世界主要产气大国年产气量(1 000~2 500)×108 m3天然气剩余可采储量分布"

表3

不同学者对中国未来天然气年产量预测"

预测者预测年产量/(108 m3
2025年2030年2035年
潘继平312 300~2 500
王玉青322 800
赵文智332 800
陆家亮等34-352 100~2 4502 550~3 0002 800~3 300
贾承造362 0502 4002 600~3 000
郭焦锋372 600
戴金星382 4003 400
孟莹393 000
阿列克谢洛桑403 000
刘贵洲等412 4002 700

图5

世界主要产气大国年产气量(1 000~2 500)×108 m3级与储采比分布"

图6

中国近十年原油产量(据中国矿产资源报告,2020)[44]"

表4

鄂尔多斯盆地2015—2019年产气井数、产气量和单井日产量"

年份天然气井数/口当年天然气产量/(108 m3天然气井单井日产量/[m3/(d·口)]
201511 841421.459 751.35
201612 527417.079 121.56
201714 171424.458 206.03
201816 979451.767 289.58
201918 675494.087 248.43

图7

柴达木盆地柴北坳陷天然气成因鉴别[59-60]①"

表5

美国1989—2019年气井产量、气井数和单井日产量"

年份气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口单井日产量/[m3/(d·口)]年份气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口单井日产量/[m3/(d·口)]
19894 448.25262 4834 642.9620054 947.47425 8873 182.70
19904 545.86269 7904 616.3320065 095.77440 5163 169.24
19914 535.68276 9874 486.3220075 375.04452 9453 251.20
19924 577.38276 0144 543.5220085 670.96476 6523 259.59
19934 726.40282 1524 589.3820095 771.75493 1003 206.86
19944 913.27291 7734 613.5220105 941.26487 6273 338.09
19954 893.72298 5414 490.9920116 391.42574 5933 047.50
19965 022.65301 8114 559.3720126 959.28577 9163 299.18
19975 052.87310 9714 451.6920136 829.41572 7423 266.87
19985 020.15316 9294 339.7220147 194.01586 2133 362.19
19994 980.98302 4214 512.4320157 469.13574 5303 561.76
20005 019.46341 6784 024.8220167 420.84571 6593 556.50
20015 133.67373 3043 767.6720177 666.69539 8753 890.65
20025 038.94387 7723 560.1620189 294.16512 6754 966.78
20035 063.56393 3273 527.03201910 269.98491 2055 728.14
20045 064.53406 1473 416.36

表6

中石油及其长庆油田、西南油气田和塔里木油田分公司2010-2019年气井产量、气井数和单井日产量"

年份中石油中石油长庆油田公司
气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口

单井日产量/

[m3/(d·口)]

气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口

单井日产量/

[m3/(d·口)]

2010658.237 22024 977.29209.744 35413 197.96
2011694.158 40222 634.72256.735 38813 054.49
2012736.579 84720 493.52287.396 53112 055.78
2013825.1011 23020 129.44344.187 70012 246.34
2014890.5912 61719 338.87378.679 00911 515.59
2015895.9613 32518 421.63371.909 76210 437.39
2016922.7114 06517 973.50358.0410 5429 305.06
2017980.5015 36617 482.13366.7711 8038 513.41
20181 040.0617 93815 885.22385.1513 9327 573.89
20191 129.9120 06915 424.97411.3415 8397 115.09
年份中石油西南油气田公司中石油塔里木油田公司
气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口

单井日产量/

[m3/(d·口)]

气井产量/(108 m3在产井数/口

单井日产量/

[m3/(d·口)]

2010153.621 37730 563.92174.19213224 054.15
2011142.061 39427 920.44164.90243185 919.61
2012131.521 50523 941.78188.84302171 316.52
2013126.081 54322 386.65217.90332179 813.58
2014137.261 51024 904.25230.34383164 766.26
2015154.841 38830 562.53233.61386165 811.91
2016190.061 24841 724.64233.80405158 160.80
2017210.251 22047 214.46251.58395174 494.75
2018226.331 27748 557.06263.94440164 348.57
2019268.651 41851 905.75281.31429179 653.16
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