塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区方解石脉流体来源及其对油气成藏的启示

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.07.002

天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1111–1125.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.07.002

塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区方解石脉流体来源及其对油气成藏的启示

李慧莉¹(),尤东华²,韩俊³,钱一雄²,沙旭光³,席斌斌²

^1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
^2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所，江苏　无锡　214126
^3.中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830011

收稿日期:2020-05-25 修回日期:2020-06-20 出版日期:2020-08-10 发布日期:2020-07-29
作者简介:李慧莉（1972-），女，天津武清人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事油气成藏与石油地质综合研究. E-mail: lihl.syky@sinopec.com.
基金资助:
中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目“顺北地区地质流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用”(P18047-1);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类） “深层油气勘探目标评价与优选”(XDA14010406)

The fluid origin of calcite veins in Shunnan-Gucheng area of Tarim Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation

Hui-li LI¹(),Dong-hua YOU²,Jun HAN³,Yi-xiong QIAN²,Xu-guang SHA³,Bin-bin XI²

^1.Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
^2.Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Wuxi 214126, China
^3.Northwest Oilfield Branch of Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2020-05-25 Revised:2020-06-20 Online:2020-08-10 Published:2020-07-29
Supported by:
The Technology Department Program of SINOPEC(P18047-1);The Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project (Class A)(XDA14010406)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钻井揭示塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩方解石脉发育，为探讨该区断裂带流体属性及油气成藏事件提供了重要素材。在详细的岩心观察基础上，开展了方解石脉的流体包裹体以及灰岩基质与方解石脉的地球化学特征对比研究。方解石脉具有多类型的烃类包裹体，包括沥青包裹体、三相烃包裹体、油水液相包裹体以及富气包裹体。方解石脉中与烃类包裹体共生的盐水包裹体具有较高的均一温度（130~160 ℃）。贫¹⁸O（δ¹⁸O =-13.1‰~-8.7‰）、富⁸⁷Sr（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.708 879~0.710 432）、偏高稀土元素总量和正铕异常表明构造成因方解石脉主要来源于围岩的溶解以及成岩—成烃流体，未发现大气淡水参与的迹象。方解石脉中富含烃类包裹体可能表明研究区北东向走滑断裂带是油气运移与聚集的重要通道。

关键词: 方解石脉, 成岩—成烃流体, 顺南—古城地区, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The high-angle, structural genetic calcite veins of the Ordovician in Shunnan-Gucheng area in Tarim Basin provide a convenient to study the fluid properties and hydrocarbon migration to accumulation events in fault zone of this area. Based on detailed core investigation, studies of fluid inclusions in calcite veins and comparison of geochemical characteristics of limestone matrix and calcite veins were carried out. Multiple types of hydrocarbons inclusion, including dry asphalt inclusion, three-phase hydrocarbon inclusion, oil and water inclusion, gas-rich inclusion, were found in calcite veins. And the coexisted aqueous inclusions with gas-liquid phase had high homogenization temperature (130-160 ℃). The distribution characteristics of ¹⁸O-depleted (δ¹⁸O: -13.1‰ to -8.7‰), ⁸⁷Sr-enriched (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.708 879 to 0.710 432), relatively high total Rare Earth Elements and positive Europium Anomalies indicated that the structural origin of calcite veins were mainly derived from the dissolution of surrounding rocks and diagenetic-hydrocarbon fluids. Participation signs of meteoric water were not proved. The rich hydrocarbon inclusions in the calcite veins indicated that the north-east strike-slip fault zone in Shunnan-Gucheng area is an important channel for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.

Key words: Calcite veins, Diagenetic-hydrocarbon fluid, Shunnan-Gucheng area, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

李慧莉, 尤东华, 韩俊, 钱一雄, 沙旭光, 席斌斌. 塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区方解石脉流体来源及其对油气成藏的启示[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(8): 1111–1125.

Hui-li LI, Dong-hua YOU, Jun HAN, Yi-xiong QIAN, Xu-guang SHA, Bin-bin XI. The fluid origin of calcite veins in Shunnan-Gucheng area of Tarim Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(8): 1111–1125.

图/表 13

图1

图2

表1

表2

表3

顺南—古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩方解石脉与围岩的稀土元素分析结果"

样号	样品名称	井深/m	地质年代	La/(μg/g)	Ce/(μg/g)	Pr/(μg/g)	Nd/(μg/g)	Sm/(μg/g)	Eu/(μg/g)	Gd/(μg/g)	Tb/(μg/g)	Dy/(μg/g)	Ho/(μg/g)	Er/(μg/g)	Tm/(μg/g)	Yb/(μg/g)	Lu/(μg/g)	∑REE
SN1-1-1	基质	6 531.3	O₂yj	1.25	1.81	0.24	0.93	0.18	0.042	0.22	0.029	0.18	0.038	0.12	0.014	0.095	0.013	5.16
SN1-1-2	方解石脉	6 531.3		1.54	2.83	0.38	1.61	0.30	0.18	0.36	0.040	0.18	0.031	0.07	0.007	0.030	0.004	7.55
SN1-2-1	基质	6 532.2		1.25	1.68	0.23	0.92	0.17	0.047	0.23	0.030	0.19	0.043	0.13	0.018	0.112	0.016	5.06
SN1-2-2	方解石脉	6 532.2		0.93	1.74	0.28	1.24	0.27	0.14	0.37	0.047	0.27	0.053	0.12	0.012	0.056	0.007	5.55
SN1-3-1	基质	6 532.34		1.29	1.76	0.24	0.95	0.18	0.046	0.22	0.032	0.21	0.044	0.14	0.017	0.114	0.017	5.25
SN1-3-2	方解石脉	6 532.34		1.06	2.12	0.34	1.51	0.36	0.17	0.45	0.060	0.31	0.056	0.14	0.013	0.056	0.007	6.64
SN1-4-1	基质	6 532.9		1.45	1.95	0.27	1.07	0.21	0.05	0.25	0.038	0.23	0.051	0.15	0.020	0.130	0.020	5.88
SN1-4-2	方解石脉	6 532.9		1.20	2.31	0.36	1.61	0.37	0.19	0.46	0.060	0.32	0.058	0.14	0.013	0.058	0.006	7.16
GL2-1-1	基质	5 757.73	O₂yj	0.90	1.46	0.20	0.77	0.15	0.034	0.19	0.028	0.18	0.040	0.12	0.017	0.109	0.016	4.21
GL2-1-2	方解石脉	5 757.73		0.74	1.48	0.21	0.91	0.19	0.071	0.25	0.032	0.20	0.039	0.11	0.012	0.066	0.008	4.33
GL2-2-1	基质	5 761.73		0.93	1.39	0.18	0.73	0.13	0.033	0.16	0.023	0.15	0.031	0.10	0.014	0.090	0.014	3.96
GL2-2-2	方解石脉	5 761.73		0.94	1.71	0.23	0.94	0.20	0.065	0.25	0.034	0.20	0.040	0.12	0.014	0.089	0.012	4.83
GL2-3-1	基质	5 783.6		0.76	1.14	0.15	0.63	0.12	0.032	0.16	0.024	0.15	0.033	0.11	0.014	0.096	0.013	3.42
GL2-3-2	方解石脉	5 783.6		0.65	1.07	0.15	0.64	0.13	0.065	0.17	0.026	0.14	0.030	0.08	0.010	0.046	0.007	3.22
GL2-4-1	基质	5 786.95		1.08	1.59	0.22	0.85	0.16	0.038	0.20	0.030	0.19	0.043	0.13	0.019	0.123	0.018	4.69
GL2-4-2	方解石脉	5 786.95		0.82	1.49	0.22	0.94	0.21	0.063	0.28	0.041	0.25	0.054	0.16	0.020	0.110	0.016	4.67
SN2-1-1	基质	6 376.18	O₃qe	18.13	44.76	3.55	12.56	2.28	0.46	2.60	0.32	1.79	0.34	1.07	0.15	1.02	0.15	89.20
SN2-1-2	方解石脉	6 376.18	O₃qe	4.72	19.31	2.17	9.37	2.00	1.03	2.04	0.24	1.08	0.18	0.43	0.040	0.210	0.025	42.84
SN2-9-1	基质	6 454.4	O₂yj	1.70	2.10	0.31	1.26	0.27	0.066	0.35	0.054	0.36	0.085	0.26	0.035	0.231	0.034	7.09
SN2-9-2	方解石脉	6 454.4	O₂yj	1.73	3.37	0.42	1.70	0.39	0.10	0.50	0.083	0.58	0.13	0.43	0.064	0.407	0.058	9.97
SN2-25-1	基质	6 554.56	O_1-2ys	1.15	2.30	0.27	0.98	0.19	0.050	0.20	0.025	0.15	0.03	0.09	0.011	0.070	0.010	5.51
SN2-25-2	方解石脉	6 554.56		3.55	8.62	1.06	4.13	0.76	0.26	0.82	0.094	0.47	0.09	0.24	0.027	0.155	0.020	20.29
SN2-34-1	基质	6 870.95		0.59	1.13	0.13	0.47	0.08	0.020	0.10	0.011	0.07	0.01	0.04	0.006	0.034	0.005	2.69
SN2-34-2	方解石脉	6 870.95		2.75	5.46	0.59	2.14	0.36	0.11	0.42	0.047	0.23	0.04	0.11	0.012	0.068	0.009	12.34
SN2-35-1	基质	6 872.6		0.96	1.67	0.18	0.63	0.10	0.028	0.13	0.014	0.08	0.01	0.04	0.006	0.033	0.006	3.89
SN2-35-2	方解石脉	6 872.6		3.96	8.06	0.84	2.89	0.46	0.13	0.50	0.042	0.16	0.03	0.07	0.007	0.048	0.005	17.19
GL3-5-1	基质	6 062.32	O₂yj	0.74	1.11	0.12	0.45	0.08	0.025	0.086	0.010	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.004	0.028	0.004	2.74
GL3-5-2	方解石脉	6 062.32		1.31	1.57	0.16	0.55	0.09	0.052	0.11	0.013	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.004	0.023	0.003	3.98
GL3-7-1	基质	6 065.9		0.88	1.61	0.19	0.66	0.12	0.026	0.13	0.016	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.008	0.048	0.007	3.85
GL3-7-2	方解石脉	6 065.9		2.38	4.16	0.46	1.62	0.30	0.090	0.33	0.037	0.20	0.04	0.09	0.010	0.060	0.008	9.78
GL3-8-1	基质	6 066.2		1.03	1.90	0.21	0.77	0.15	0.039	0.15	0.019	0.11	0.02	0.07	0.009	0.064	0.010	4.54
GL3-8-2	方解石脉	6 066.2		2.14	3.05	0.30	1.04	0.18	0.074	0.21	0.023	0.12	0.02	0.06	0.007	0.046	0.007	7.27

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

图8

图9

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井名	样品编号	岩心块号	深度/m	产状描述
井名	样品编号	岩心块号	深度/m	性质	倾角与宽度	边缘特征
顺南1	SN1-1	2-4/40	6 531.3	构造缝	70°~80°，细脉	边缘平直
	SN1-2	2-12/40	6 532.2	构造缝	60°~80°，下细上粗	边缘呈阶梯状
	SN1-3	2-13/40	6 532.34	构造缝
	SN1-4	2-15/40	6 532.9	构造缝
顺南2	SN2-1	1-7/36	6 376.18	构造缝	60°~70°，粗脉	边缘平直
	SN2-9	2-22/47	6 454.4	构造缝	80°~90°，粗脉	边缘不平直，具压溶特征
	SN2-25	3-55/56	6 554.56	构造缝	近垂直，粗脉	切割缝合线，较平直
	SN2-34	5-14/49	6 870.95	构造缝	近垂直，粗脉	边缘不平直，伴生次级裂缝
	SN2-35	5-27/49	6 872.6	构造缝	50°~60°，中—粗脉	边缘较平直，切割缝合线，伴生次级裂缝
古隆2	GL2-1	1-23/45	5 757.73	构造缝	60°~70°，粗脉	边缘平直，伴生次级裂缝
	GL2-2	1-41/45	5 761.73	构造缝	近垂直，粗脉	边缘不平直，碎裂缝
	GL2-3	2-8/47	5 783.6	构造缝	60°~70°，中细脉	边缘平直，具压溶特征
	GL2-4	2-22/47	5 786.95	构造缝	60°左右，粗脉	边缘较平直
古隆3	GL3-5	2-22/62	6 062.32	构造缝	60°~70°，中细脉	雁列式，边缘平直
	GL3-6	2-37/62	6 064.6	构造缝	60°~70°，中细脉	边缘平直
	GL3-7	2-47/62	6 065.9	构造缝	60°~70°，细脉	边缘平直
	GL3-8	2-48/62	6 066.2	构造缝	60°~70°，细脉	边缘平直

样号	样品名称	井深/m	岩心块号	层位	δ¹³C/‰(VPDB)	δ¹⁸O/‰(VPDB)	锶同位素
样号	样品名称	井深/m	岩心块号	层位	δ¹³C/‰(VPDB)	δ¹⁸O/‰(VPDB)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	标准方差
SN1-2-2	方解石脉	6 532.2	2-12/40	O₂yj	—	—	0.708 881	0.000 012
SN1-3-1	基质	6 532.34	2-13/40		0.1	-7.7	0.708 706	0.000 019
SN1-3-2	方解石脉	6 532.34	2-13/40		-0.2	-9.3	0.708 879	0.000 015
GL2-1-1	基质	5 757.73	1-23/45	O₂yj	0.5	-8.6	0.709 232	0.000 011
GL2-1-2	方解石脉	5 757.73	1-23/45		0.2	-10.2	0.710 106	0.000 017
GL2-2-1	基质	5 761.73	1-41/45		0.4	-8.6	0.709 226	0.000 011
GL2-2-2	方解石脉	5 761.73	1-41/45		0.4	-10.6	0.709 95	0.000 016
GL2-3-1	基质	5 783.6	2-8/47		0.2	-8.3	0.709 375	0.000 016
GL2-3-2	方解石脉	5 783.6	2-8/47		-0.4	-9.6	0.709 977	0.000 018
GL2-4-1	基质	5 786.95	2-22/47		0.2	-8.2	0.709 282	0.000 017
GL2-4-2	方解石脉	5 786.95	2-22/47		0.2	-10.3	0.709 808	0.000 017
SN2-1-1	基质	6 376.18	1-7/36	O₃qe	1	-10.2	0.709 71	0.000 01
SN2-1-2	方解石脉	6 376.18	1-7/36	O₃qe	-1	-11.6	0.710 432	0.000 009
SN2-9-1	基质	6 454.4	2-22/47	O₂yj	-0.2	-9.1	0.708 76	0.000 015
SN2-9-2	方解石脉	6 454.4	2-22/47	O₂yj	-1.7	-11.8	0.709 386	0.000 012
SN2-25-1	基质	6 554.56	3-55/56	O_1-2ys	-0.3	-9.7	0.708 914	0.000 014
SN2-25-2	方解石脉	6 554.56	3-55/56		-0.3	-10.8	0.709 634	0.000 016
SN2-35-1	基质	6 872.6	5-27/49		-2.4	-11.4	—	—
SN2-35-2	方解石脉	6 872.6	5-27/49		-2.4	-13.1	—	—
GL3-5-1	基质	6 062.32	2-22/62	O₂yj	-0.5	-7.5	0.708 989	0.000 01
GL3-5-2	方解石脉	6 062.32	2-22/62		-1.3	-11.4	—	—
GL3-6-1	基质	6 064.6	2-37/62		-0.7	-7.2	0.709 002	0.000 013
GL3-6-2	方解石脉	6 064.6	2-37/62		-1	-8.7	—	—
GL3-7-1	基质	6 065.9	2-47/62		-0.5	-7.4	0.708 945	0.000 01
GL3-7-2	方解石脉	6 065.9	2-47/62		-1.1	-10.7	0.709 395	0.000 013
GL3-8-1	基质	6 066.2	2-48/62		-0.6	-7.6	0.709 025	0.000 011
GL3-8-2	方解石脉	6 066.2	2-48/62		-1.5	-12	0.709 604	0.000 018

井名	样品编号	深度 /m	均一温度/℃
井名	样品编号	深度 /m	最小值	最大值	平均值
顺南1	SN1-1	6 531.3	108.4	169	141.8(n=23)
顺南1	SN1-3	6 532.34	115.6	172.2	137(n=20)
古隆2	GL2-1	5 757.73	144.8	167.6	155.6(n=14)
	GL2-2	5 761.73	126	175.3	147(n=24)
	GL2-3	5 783.6	129.8	164.6	145.3(n=31)
	GL2-4	5 786.95	127	156.8	146.1(n=27)
古隆3	GL3-5	6 062.32	137.5	165.2	148.6(n=15)
	GL3-6	6 064.6	140.1	180.9	155.7(n=22)
	GL3-7	6 065.9	137.8	153.5	146.8(n=10)
	GL3-8	6 066.2	113	156	134.5(n=20)

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塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区方解石脉流体来源及其对油气成藏的启示

The fluid origin of calcite veins in Shunnan-Gucheng area of Tarim Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation

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