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天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1139–1151.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.05.011

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型碳酸盐岩渗透力学行为特征及其对储、盖性质的判定

林潼1(),王铜山1,董景海2,曾寅3,武志德1   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
    2.大庆油田有限责任公司勘探事业部, 黑龙江 大庆 163453
    3.四川大学水力水电学院，四川 成都 610065
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-17 修回日期:2020-05-12 出版日期:2020-08-10 发布日期:2020-07-29
  • 作者简介:林潼（1980-），男，福建福州人，高级工程师，博士，从事天然气地质勘探与基础实验研究.E-mail：lintong1980@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05008006-001);中国石油股份公司科技项目(2018A-0104)

Using permeability mechanics behavior of typical carbonate to identify reservoir and caprock properties

Tong LIN1(),Tong-shan WANG1,Jing-hai DONG2,Yin ZENG3,Zhi-de WU1   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，Beijing 100083, China
    2.Exploration Department of Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. , Daqing 163453, China
    3.College of Water and Hydropower of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • Received:2020-04-17 Revised:2020-05-12 Online:2020-08-10 Published:2020-07-29

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摘要：

目前对碳酸盐岩的研究主要关注其油气的储集空间，针对含油气盆地中碳酸盐岩的勘探也主要是为了寻找优质的油气储集体。然而，随着油气勘探向深层更古老的地层拓展，有效的碳酸盐岩储—盖配置显得至关重要。勘探证实，深埋条件下碳酸盐岩有利相带仍然发育高孔渗的优质储集体，然而是否发育与之配置的碳酸盐岩盖层就成为了制约深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探的关键因素。首次系统全面地通过对典型碳酸盐岩开展不同温度条件下三轴应力加载全过程渗透力学试验，得出了碳酸盐岩在破坏变形过程中渗透率随温度、围压的演化过程。试验分析结果显示，典型白云岩和典型灰岩在深埋应力作用过程中渗透力学行为特征具有明显差异，白云岩更多地显示出储集性能的特征，表现为脆—塑转换临界围压较大，岩石更容易形成裂缝，渗透率随温度的增加而增大等；而灰岩则表现出盖层的属性，体现在脆—塑转换临界围压小于白云岩，岩石相对容易形成密闭，渗透率随温度的增大逐渐减小。综合分析认为，白云岩和灰岩的纵向叠置能够形成有效的油气藏储—盖组合。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩盖层, 三轴应力, 渗透力学行为, 脆—塑转换临界围压, 储—盖组合

Abstract:

At present, the study of carbonate rocks mainly focuses on the reservoir space of oil and gas. However, as oil and gas exploration expands into deeper and more ancient formations, effective carbonate reservoir-cap configuration becomes more critical. Exploration has proved that high porosity and permeability reservoirs are still developed in the favorable carbonate facies zones under deep burial conditions, but the development and configuration of carbonate cap has become a key factor restricting the exploration of deep carbonate rocks. In this study, the permeability evolution with temperature and confining pressure in the process of carbonate rock failure and deformation is obtained for the first time systematically and comprehensively by conducting the permeation mechanics test for the whole process of triaxial stress loading under different temperature conditions for typical carbonate rock. Experimental analysis results show that the penetration of typical dolomite and typical limestone in the process of deep stress mechanics behavior characteristics has obvious difference. Dolomite shows that, the characteristics is more towards the reservoir property, the brittle-plastic conversion critical confining pressure is larger, rock is easier to form cracks, rock permeability increases with the increase of temperature, etc. Generally, the limestone shows the properties of the cap, for example, the critical confining pressure of brittle plastic transformation is lower than that of dolomite, the rock is relatively easy to be closed, and the permeability decreases with the increase of temperature. It is concluded that the longitudinal superposition of dolomite and limestone in carbonate rocks can form an effective reservoir-cap assemblage.

Key words: Carbonate cap, Triaxial stress, Permeability mechanical behavior, Critical confining pressure for brittle-plastic transformation, Caprock-reservoir combinationFoundation items：The China National Science &, Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX05008006-001), The Major Projects of Science &, Technology of China National Petroleum Corporation (Grant No.2018A-0104) Joint Funding.

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

表1

古城地区井下鹰三段灰岩、白云岩突破压力值"

井号层段岩　性井段 /m孔隙度 /%渗透率 /(10-3 μm2)突破压力 /MPa备注
古城601鹰三段泥晶灰岩6 063.750.10.000 46310.16环压45 MPa； 饱和煤油
泥晶灰岩6 068.250.10.000 88.44
泥晶灰岩6 095.540.30.002 7325.1
泥晶灰岩6 096.40.30.003 587.11
泥晶灰岩8.17重复样
纹层状粉晶云岩6 109.690.70.001 994.73
纹层状粉晶云岩6 135.520.30.000 9957.18
灰色云岩6 137.111.20.003 224.04
灰色云岩4.23重复样

图1

白云岩在不同围压下三轴应力—应变曲线特征"

图2

灰岩在不同围压下三轴应力—应变曲线特征"

表2

不同围压条件下白云岩和灰岩变形曲线强度值"

岩性围压 /MPa峰值轴向应变 /%峰值应力 /MPa扩容应力 /MPa
白云岩150.66442.51281.33
400.73486.7465.7
600.91553.64477.27
801.93620.97615.32
灰岩100.64255.37129.06
200.76334.03224.8
300.84436.34331
401.11556.45440.32

图3

典型碳酸盐岩静水压力下渗透率—围压—孔隙度关系"

表3

白云岩、灰岩静水压力下渗透率及孔隙度"

围压/MPa白云岩灰岩
渗透率/(10-3 μm2)孔隙度/%孔隙度下降幅度/%渗透率/(10-3 μm2)孔隙度/%孔隙度下降幅度/%
5.000.7903.560.000.2271.0760.000
10.340.2402.9620.270.0410.82430.52
15.160.0942.6412.120.0250.69618.39
25.490.0642.2218.920.0200.57620.80
35.140.0291.8221.980.0070.43233.30
44.790.0151.5318.950.0020.31636.78
55.120.0081.2621.430.0010.21646.58

图4

热—气—固耦合下白云岩各测点渗透率变化"

图5

热—气—固耦合下灰岩各测点渗透率变化"

图6

110 ℃条件下气—固耦合白云岩和石灰岩各测点渗透率变化（a） 白云岩 （b）灰岩"

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