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天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 623–635.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.04.005

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塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储层特征及控制因素

王珂1,2(),张荣虎1,2,余朝丰1,2,杨钊1,2,唐雁刚3,魏红兴3   

  1. 1.中国石油杭州地质研究院，浙江 杭州 310023
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院塔里木盆地研究中心，新疆 库尔勒 841000
    3.中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院，新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-23 修回日期:2020-04-06 出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2020-05-27
  • 作者简介:王珂(1987-)，男，山东郓城人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事碎屑岩储层地质研究.E-mail：wangk_hz@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05003-001);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(2019B-0303)

Characteristics and controlling factors of Jurassic Ahe reservoir of the northern tectonic belt, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

Ke WANG1,2(),Rong-hu ZHANG1,2,Chao-feng YU1,2,Zhao YANG1,2,Yan-gang TANG3,Hong-xing WEI3   

  1. 1.PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China
    2.Research Center of Tarim Basin, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Korla 841000, China
    3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China
  • Received:2020-03-23 Revised:2020-04-06 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-05-27
  • Supported by:
    The China National Science & Technology Major Project(2016ZX05003-001);The Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(2019B-0303)

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摘要：

塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带具有巨大的油气勘探潜力，但储层物性平面差异性显著，控制因素不明确，制约了优质储层的预测。综合露头、岩心、薄片及成像测井资料，对库车坳陷北部构造带下侏罗统阿合组的储层特征进行了描述，分析了储层裂缝特征及形成期次，探讨了沉积、成岩和构造应力对储层的控制作用，明确了储层特征平面差异性的主控因素。结果表明：阿合组以灰白色中砂岩、粗砂岩和薄层砾岩为主，砂岩主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩；储集空间在露头区以粒内溶孔、裂缝和原生粒间孔为主，在井下以微孔隙和粒内溶孔为主；储层物性在平面上具有显著差异性。阿合组主要发育直立和高角度的剪切裂缝，充填程度较低；微观裂缝在露头区以粒缘缝为主，在井下以粒内缝为主；发育3期裂缝，形成于喜马拉雅晚期的裂缝有效性最好。沉积作用主控阿合组储层基质物性，压实作用是主要的减孔作用，溶蚀作用是主要的增孔作用，但都并非储层特征平面差异性的主导因素；古构造挤压应力具有减孔降渗和造缝增渗的双重效应，控制了阿合组储层特征的平面差异性。

关键词: 储层特征, 储层裂缝, 沉积相, 成岩作用, 古构造应力, 阿合组, 北部构造带

Abstract:

The northern tectonic belt of Kuqa Depression has an enormous potential for hydrocarbon exploration, but the reservoir physical property of Middle and Lower Jurassic has significant horizontal difference and the controlling factors are not clear, which constrain the prediction of high quality reservoir. Based on outcrops, cores, thin sections and image logging data, petrology characteristics, reservoir space types, physical property of Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa Depression were described, and the characteristics and formation sequence were analyzed. Then, based on above, the controlling effects of sedimentation, diagenesis and paleo-tectonic stress on reservoir were discussed, and the dominant factor of the horizontal difference of reservoir was confirmed. The results show that Ahe Formation is mainly composed of grey-white medium sandstone, coarse sandstone and conglomerate lamina, and the sandstones are primarily feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone. The reservoir spaces are mainly intragranular dissolved pore, micro fracture and original intergranular pore in outcrops, while mainly micro pore and intragranular dissolved pore underground. The reservoir physical property has significant lateral differences. The Ahe Formation primarily develops vertical and high angle shearing fractures, and the fractures have lower filling extent. Micro fractures are chiefly grain-edge micro fractures in outcrops while mainly intragranular micro fractures underground. There are three periods of fractures in the study area, and the fractures formed at the Late Himalayan have the best effectiveness. The deposition dominates reservoir physical property of Ahe Formation, and the compaction is the primary effect of porosity loss while the dissolution is the chief effect of porosity increase. However, they are not the dominant factor for reservoir horizontal differences. The paleo tectonic stress has a double effect on reservoir. One effect is reducing porosity and permeability, and the other effect is forming fractures and increasing permeability, which dominate the horizontal reservoir differences of Ahe Formation.

Key words: Reservoir characteristics, Reservoir fracture, Sedimentary facies, Diagenesis, Paleo-tectonic stress, Ahe Formation, Northern tectonic belt

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

库车坳陷北部构造带构造位置与地层系统"

图2

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储层岩矿组分三角图"

图3

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储集空间类型(a)米斯布拉克剖面，原生粒间孔、粒内缝及粒缘缝，面孔率为6%；(b)库车河剖面，粒内溶孔及粒间溶孔，面孔率为5%； (c)克孜勒努尔沟剖面，粒间溶孔、粒内缝及粒缘缝，面孔率为4%；(d)吐格尔明剖面，原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及微孔隙，面孔率为14%；(e)克孜1井，3 237.2 m，粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔及微孔隙，面孔率为8%；(f)依南2井，4 843.0 m，粒间溶孔及微孔隙，面孔率为6%；(g)依南4井，4 591.4 m，粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及微孔隙、面孔率为4%；(h)依南5井，4 935.9 m，裂缝、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及微孔隙，面孔率为5%；(i)明南1井，1 025.1 m，粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、微孔隙及裂缝，面孔率为14%"

图4

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组构造裂缝(a)米斯布拉克剖面，中—粗砂岩，2组正交裂缝；(b)东2沟剖面，中砂岩，密集的裂缝发育带；(c)克孜勒努尔沟剖面，细砂岩，2组共轭裂缝；(d)克孜勒努尔沟剖面，细砂岩，2组正交裂缝；(e)吐格尔明北翼剖面，粗砂岩，密集的裂缝带；(f)克孜1井，2 955.3 m，细砂岩，2条平行的高角度剪切缝，未充填；(g)迪探1井，2 219.8 m，细砂岩，高角度剪切缝，白云石少量充填；(h)依南2井，4 966.1 m，细砂岩，直立的剪切缝，白云石少量充填；(i)吐孜4井，4 209.6 m，中砂岩，直立剪切缝，未充填；(j)迪西1井，4 980.2~4 984.4 m，FMI成像测井上的一组高角度裂缝"

图5

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储层微观裂缝(a)黑英山剖面，穿粒缝；(b)库车河剖面，粒缘缝，部分粒缘缝相互连通；(c)东3沟剖面，粒内缝及粒缘缝；(d)东2沟剖面，粒缘缝相互连通，沿裂缝发生溶蚀；(e)克孜勒努尔沟剖面，粒缘缝网状连通；(f)克孜1井，3 298.4 m，穿粒缝； (g)依南2C井，4 756.8 m，粒缘缝及粒内缝；(h)依南4井，4 416.9 m，粒缘缝及粒内缝连通孔隙；(i)依南5井，4 938.3 m，一组平行的粒内缝"

图6

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储层埋藏史、热演化史及孔隙演化史"

图7

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组构造裂缝形成期次及与油气成藏的关系"

图8

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组不同岩性实测物性直方图"

图9

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组沉积相"

图10

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组成岩作用（a）迪北105X井，4 762.1 m，铸体薄片，颗粒压实致密，以线接触为主，未见明显孔隙；（b）库车河剖面，铸体薄片，颗粒压实致密，未见明显孔隙；（c）吐孜4井，4 204.9 m，铸体薄片，粒间溶蚀与粒内溶蚀；（d）明南1井，951.2 m，铸体薄片，粒间溶蚀与粒内溶蚀；（e）明南1井，955.8 m，铸体薄片（正交光），石英颗粒次生加大，边缘发生溶蚀；（f）吐格4井，3 850.1 m，铸体薄片，方解石胶结物染成红色；（g）依南2井，4 787.0 m，铸体薄片，铁方解石胶结物染成紫红色；（h）吐格尔明剖面，扫描电镜，粒间书页状高岭石；（i）迪北102井，5 030.9 m，扫描电镜，粒间毛发状伊利石；（j）迪北102井，5 029.8 m，铸体薄片，微裂缝网络连通孔隙；（k）依南5井，4 779.5 m，激光共聚焦，微裂缝网络连通孔隙"

表1

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组增孔与减孔量统计"

井号原始孔隙度/%现今孔隙度/%埋藏压实减孔量/%溶蚀增孔量/%胶结减孔量/%构造压实减孔量/%
克孜136.22.612.24.77.218.9
迪探136.46.511.54.43.419.4
依南236.25.211.64.65.518.5
依南435.88.611.54.85.814.7
迪西135.76.612.13.55.814.7
迪北10234.86.715.84.56.510.3
吐孜434.29.515.25.95.210.2
吐西136.34.510.13.74.520.9
明南136.218.411.111.75.612.8
吐格135.94.811.83.95.018.2
吐格236.912.010.34.44.514.5
吐格435.64.411.93.94.518.7
吐东20135.99.412.43.85.312.6

图11

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组最大古构造应力与储层物性的关系"

图12

库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组最大古构造应力与构造裂缝的关系"

图13

库车坳陷北部构造带过吐格2井—吐格4井剖面下侏罗统最大古构造应力与裂缝面密度数值模拟结果"

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