天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 735–744.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.04.004

• • 上一篇    

塔里木盆地寒武系肖尔布拉克组丘滩体露头地质建模及地震正演模拟

熊冉1,2(),郑剑锋1,黄理力1,2,陈永权3,倪新锋1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油杭州地质研究院,浙江 杭州 310023
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院塔里木盆地研究中心,北京 100083
    3.中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-23 修回日期:2020-04-06 出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2020-05-27
  • 作者简介:熊冉(1983-),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩石油地质综合研究.E-mail:xiongr_hz@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(2016ZX05004-002);中国石油科技重大专项 “深层油气储层形成机理与分布规律”(2018A-0103);“古老碳酸盐岩油气成藏分布规律与关键技术”(2019B-0405)

Mound-shoal complexes geological and seismic forward modeling of the Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Tarim Basin

Ran XIONG1,2(),Jian-feng ZHENG1,Li-li HUANG1,2,Yong-quan CHEN3,Xin-feng NI1,2   

  1. 1.PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China
    2.Tarim Basin Research Center, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
    3.Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla 841000, China
  • Received:2020-03-23 Revised:2020-04-06 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-05-27
  • Supported by:
    The China National Science and Technology Major Projects(2016ZX05004-002);The PetroChina Science and Technology Major Special Project(2018A-0103)

摘要:

为了更好地表征塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组碳酸盐岩丘滩复合体的地质地震特征,为预测提供依据,以塔里木盆地西北部柯坪地区28 km长的大尺度露头区为研究对象,通过实测7条剖面,在超过1 000块薄片及56个样品岩石物理采集分析基础上,系统研究了丘滩复合体的岩石类型、内部结构及纵横向展布特征,建立了地震尺度的露头地质模型;以露头地质模型为基础开展地震正演模拟研究,模拟不同频率下丘滩复合体的地震响应,并系统总结其地震反射特征。结果表明:肖尔布拉克组丘滩复合体主要发育于碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积体系的内缓坡,丘主要以黏结结构藻丘和泡沫绵层石丘为主,滩主要以藻砂屑滩为主。地震正演模拟研究结果揭示地震资料的高频成分能表征丘滩体的内部结构及外部形态,丘表现为高频、强振幅、较连续反射,丘状外形,充填结构;滩表现为中—高频,中—强振幅,连续席状反射,内部斜交叠置。通过基于露头地质模型的地震正演模拟揭示的丘滩体地震反射特征,在塔中三维地震区肖尔布拉克组丘滩体地震刻画中取得了较好的效果。

关键词: 丘滩复合体, 露头地质建模, 地震正演模拟, 塔里木盆地, 肖尔布拉克组

Abstract:

In order to better characterize the geological and seismic characteristics of the carbonate mound-shoal complexes of the Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Tarim Basin and provide a basis for prediction, a large-scale outcrops area with 28 km long in the Keping area in the northwestern Tarim Basin is taken as the research object. Based on seven outcrops description, more than 1 000 thin sections identification, and 56 petrophysical acquisition and analysis, internal structure and lateral distribution features of the mound-shoal complexes were systematically studied, and the outcrop geological model at the seismic scale was established. The seismic forward modeling study was conducted based on the outcrop geological model. The results show that the mound-shoal complexes are developed in the sedimentary system of inner-ramp face in ramp background of Xiaoerbulake Period. The mounds are mainly composed of algae mounds with bonding structure and foamy-stromatolite mounds, the shoals are mainly composed of algal sandy shoal. The results of seismic forward modeling show that the high-frequency components of seismic data can characterize the internal structure and external shape of mound-shoal complexes. The mounds often show the features of high frequency, high amplitude, more continuous reflection, mound shape and filling style. While the shoals often show the features of mid-high frequency, mid-high amplitude and continuous mat reflection, internal skew overlap. The seismic reflection characteristics of the mound-shoal complexes revealed by the outcrop geological model-seismic forward modeling have achieved good results in the seismic characterization of mound-shoal complexes of the Xiaoerbulake Formation in the 3D area of Tazhong.

Key words: Mound-shoal complexes, Outcrop geological modeling, Seismic foward modeling, Tarim Basin, Xiaoerbulake Formation

中图分类号: 

  • TE19

图1

研究区位置"

图2

东3沟剖面肖尔布拉克组综合柱状图"

表1

柯坪露头区肖尔布拉克组主要沉积微相特征"

亚相微相主要岩石类型沉积构造水体能量发育层位

内缓坡

潮坪

泥云坪粒泥白云岩、泥质泥晶白云岩、泥岩水平层理肖上段
藻云坪叠层石白云岩为主,少量核形石白云岩帐篷构造肖上段

内缓坡

丘滩

泡沫绵层石丘球状蓝藻紧密堆积而成的微生物岩平行层理中等肖中3亚段
砂屑滩藻砂屑白云岩、细—中晶白云岩交错层理肖中3亚段
中缓坡凝块石层蓝绿藻沉淀粘结灰泥堆积的微生物岩凝块状中等肖中1、2亚段
外缓坡层纹石层底栖蓝绿藻沉淀而成的一类微生物岩水平层理肖下段

图3

东3沟剖面丘滩体岩石类型及特征(a) 泡沫绵层石,藻屑溶孔层状发育;(b) 泡沫绵层石,泡沫状黏结结构的球状蓝藻;(c) 泡沫绵层石,藻环大小均匀,发育不规则格架孔;(d) 藻砂屑白云岩,双向交错层理;(e) 藻砂屑白云岩,颗粒幻影结构;(f) 藻砂屑白云岩,晶粒结构;(g) 藻砂屑白云岩,丘状体前积结构"

图4

西1沟剖面丘滩体特征(a) 微生物丘夹薄层滩,上部和下部为黏结结构的藻丘,中部为藻砂屑滩;(b) 藻砂屑滩,晶粒化的藻屑白云岩,发育不均匀的晶间溶孔;(c) 黏结藻屑微生物丘,表面发育不均匀溶蚀孔洞;(d) 丘滩互层,上部为藻砂屑滩,下部为黏结结构的藻丘;(e) 丘滩互层,上部为黏结结构的藻丘,下部为藻砂屑滩"

图5

肖尔布拉克组沉积相模型"

图6

露头纵波速度及密度箱型"

表2

露头样品岩石物理参数"

岩相岩相代码样品数纵波速度中值/(m/s)密度中值/(kg/m3)
泥晶白云岩S165 2502 320
泥质白云岩S275 4802 410
藻砂屑白云岩S3105 9502 540
凝块石白云岩S455 5402 420
层纹石白云岩S565 6802 460
叠层石白云岩S6/ S755 7102 440
泡沫绵层石白云岩S8115 3102 360
黏结藻砂屑白云岩S9/ S1065 9202 510

图7

地震正演模拟速度模型(岩相代码见表2)"

图8

不同频率地震正演模拟结果(岩相代码见表2)"

图9

塔中三维地震区肖尔布拉克组丘滩体地震反射特征(a) 过A井下寒武统地震剖面;(b) 下寒武统沉积前古地貌;(c) 过A井100 Hz地震分频数据"

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