天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 1–12.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.11.011

• 天然气地质学 •    下一篇

四川盆地志留系小河坝组砂岩油气地质特征与勘探方向

杨威(),魏国齐,李德江,刘满仓,谢武仁,金惠,沈珏红,郝翠果,王小丹   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,河北 廊坊 065007
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-29 修回日期:2019-11-23 出版日期:2020-01-10 发布日期:2019-12-03
  • 作者简介:杨威(1971-),男,湖北天门人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事沉积储层与天然气地质综合研究. E-mail:yangw69@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(2016ZX05007-002)

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration direction of Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas, SW China

Wei YANG(),Guo-qi WEI,De-jiang LI,Man-cang LIU,Wu-ren XIE,Hui JIN,Jue-hong SHEN,Cui-guo HAO,Xiao-dan WANG   

  1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Langfang 065007, China
  • Received:2019-10-29 Revised:2019-11-23 Online:2020-01-10 Published:2019-12-03
  • Supported by:
    China National Science & Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007-002)

摘要:

四川盆地志留系小河坝组砂岩认识程度较低、勘探方向不明确。应用野外露头、探井、地震和测井等资料,系统研究四川盆地小河坝组砂岩的沉积、储层、成藏等油气地质特征,评价勘探潜力和方向,得到以下4点认识:①四川盆地小河坝组砂岩以粉砂岩为主,发育2类砂体,分别为前陆盆地三角洲前缘远端砂坝砂体和夹于前三角洲泥岩中的薄层砂体,2类砂体在川东地区大面积分布;②小河坝组砂岩储层整体低孔隙度低渗透率、特致密,后期成岩作用致使储层致密化,局部发育相对较高孔层段,成藏期可能发育较好储层;③小河坝组砂岩储层、龙马溪组优质泥质烃源岩和韩家店组厚层泥页岩盖层,形成一套优质的生储盖成藏组合,川东地区的开江古隆起形成与演化有利于小河坝组砂岩的成藏和保存;④小河坝组砂岩是四川盆地天然气勘探的潜在领域,2类砂体都有一定潜力,其中远端砂坝砂体有利勘探面积约为1×104 km2。成果对提高该领域地质认识、指导天然气勘探,有重要意义。

关键词: 四川盆地, 志留系, 小河坝组, 砂岩, 成藏组合, 勘探方向, 油气

Abstract:

The sandstone of the Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in Sichuan Basin is poorly recognized and the exploration direction is not clear. Based on field outcrops, exploration wells, seismic and logging data, the basic hydrocarbon geology characteristics of strata, sediments and reservoirs of Xiaoheba Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas are systematically studied. By analyzing the reservoir-forming assemblage and evolution and evaluating the exploration potential and direction, the following four points are obtained. Firstly, siltstone and mudstone are mainly developed in Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas and the whole formation is a delta sedimentary system of foreland basin. The siltstone development zone is the distal bar of delta front and the mudstone development zone is prodelta. Secondly, the siltstone in Xiaoheba Formation is a tight reservoir with low porosity and permeability, and the relatively high porosity reservoir is locally developed. Thirdly, an excellent source-reservoir-cap assemblage has been formed by taking thick shale of Longmaxi Formation as source rocks, siltstone of Xiaoheba Formation as reservoirs and thick shale of Lower Hanjiadian Formation as caprocks. The formation and evolution of Kaijiang paleo-uplift are beneficial to the accumulation and preservation of siltstone in Xiaoheba Formation. Finally, the siltstone in Xiaoheba Formation is a potential exploration zone for natural gas in Sichuan Basin, and the distal sand bar is the most potential one with an area of about 10 000 km2. The results are of great significance for improving geological knowledge and guiding natural gas exploration in the field.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, Silurian, Xiaoheba Formation, Sandstone, Reservoir-forming assemblage, Exploration direction, Hydrocarbon

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

四川盆地及周缘小河坝组岩性特征和厚度"

图2

四川盆地南川三泉剖面小河坝组综合柱状图及成藏组合"

图3

典型露头剖面照片(a) 南川三泉剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,水平层理;(b) 南川三泉剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,小型交错层理;(c) 南川三泉剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩夹含生物碎屑泥岩;(d) 武隆桐梓剖面,小河坝组,粉砂质泥岩"

图4

四川盆地小河坝组岩性、沉积相和砂体对比剖面[剖面位置见图1(b)]"

图5

四川盆地志留系小河坝组岩相古地理"

图6

四川盆地志留系小河坝组砂体厚度等值线"

表1

四川盆地小河坝组远端砂坝砂体储层特征"

地层剖面样品数量孔隙度/%渗透率/(10-3 μm2
最小值最大值平均值最小值最大值平均值
小河坝组南川三泉460.797.21.750.000 12.170.155
武隆黄草场91.134.442.560.000 860.1060.021 5
武隆桐梓151.74.582.570.000 2260.1340.024 3
石柱干河沟102.743.833.310.0020.020 60.005 8

图7

典型储层特征铸体薄片照片(a)黄草场剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,生物铸模孔、粒间溶孔,铸体,(-),×25;(b)三泉剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,粒间溶孔,铸体,(-),×25;(c)三泉剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,生物体腔孔,铸体,(-),×25);(d)黄草场剖面,小河坝组,泥质粉砂岩,溶蚀缝,铸体,(-),×25"

表2

4口探井小河坝组前三角洲泥岩所夹砂岩测井解释成果"

井号顶深/m底深/m层厚/m孔隙度/%
最大值最小值均值
池73 637.43 661.824.49.40.05.2
座33 652.53 655.02.56.12.74.7
3 669.03 675.06.08.40.06.5
3 786.03 794.38.39.80.08.3
五科14 814.94 815.915.403.2
丁山11 152.71 161.68.911.60.15.6

图8

四川盆地志留系烃源岩(a)和盖层(b)分布"

图9

川东地区志留系成藏组合和预测气藏剖面(剖面位置见图1)"

图10

四川盆地志留系小河坝组砂岩埋藏史、热演化史与孔隙演化综合剖面"

图11

四川盆地志留系小河坝组勘探领域评价"

1 宋文海. 川东南下志留统小河坝砂岩含气地质条件论述:一个未来的勘探区块[J].天然气勘探与开发, 1998,12(2):1-5.
SONG W H. Discusses the gas geological conditions of the sandstone in Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in Southeastern Sichuan Province: A future exploration blocks{J}. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 1998,12(2):1-5.
2 魏国齐, 焦贵浩, 杨威, 等. 四川盆地震旦系—下古生界天然气成藏条件与勘探前景[J]. 天然气工业, 2010, 30(12): 5-9.
WEI G Q, JIAO G H, YANG W, et al. Hydrocarbon pooling conditions and exploration potential of Sinian-Lower Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010, 30(12): 5-9.
3 朱志军, 陈洪德. 川东南地区志留系小河坝组砂岩特征及物源分析[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2012, 42(6): 1590-1600.
ZHU Z J, CHEN H D. Sandstone characteristics and provenance analysis of the sandstone in Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in southeastern Sichuan Province, China[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2012, 42(6): 1590-1600.
4 杨海欧, 王长城, 李文杰, 等. 基于微量元素比值分析方法研究川东南地区小河坝组沉积环境和古气候环境[J]. 岩矿测试, 2017, 36(3): 289-296.
YANG H O, WANG C C, LI W J, et al. Research on the sedimentary and paleoclimate environment of the Xiaoheba Formation in southeastern Sichuan based on the trace elements ratio method[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2017, 36(3): 289-296.
5 胡东风, 王良军, 施泽进, 等. 四川盆地东南部小河坝组优质储层的形成机制[J]. 成都理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 44(5): 543-552.
HU D F, WANG L J, SHI Z J, et al. Study on the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoir of Xiaoheba Formation in southeast Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition, 2017, 44(5): 543-552.
6 朱志军,陈洪德,林良彪,等.渝东—湘西地区志留纪小河坝组层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J]. 地层学杂志,2012, 36 (3) : 662-671.
ZHU Z J,CHEN H D,LIN L B,et al.Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeology of the Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in eastern Chongqing city and western Hunan Province[J].Journal of Stratraphy,2012,36(3) :662-671.
7 郭英海,李壮福,李大华,等. 四川地区早志留世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):20-29.
GUO Y H,LI Z F,LI D H,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Silurian in Sichuan area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):20-29
8 王泽中. 湘西北永顺—龙山地区早志留世三角洲沉积[J]. 高校地质学报, 1996, 2(4): 400-408.
WANG Z Z. The Early Silurian deltaic sediments in Yongshun-Longshan area, northwestern Hunan Province[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 1996, 2(4): 400-408.
9 谢涛,郭英海,沈玉林, 等. 川东南小河坝组砂岩成岩作用与孔隙演化[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2011, 34(3): 16-20.
XIE T, GUO Y H, SHEN Y L, et al. Diagenesis and pore evolution of Xiaoheba Formation sandstone, southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2011, 34(3): 16-20.
10 张林, 魏国齐, 郭英海, 等. 四川盆地志留系层序地层及有利储集层分布[J]. 天然气工业, 2005, 25(5): 6-8.
ZHANG L, WEI G Q, GUO Y H, et al. Silurian sequence stratigraphy and favorable reservoir distribution in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2005, 25(5): 6-8.
11 王勇,施泽进,朱平. 石柱复向斜及周缘小河坝组致密砂岩储层控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010; 37( 3) : 244-248.
WANG Y,SHI Z J,ZHU P. Controlling factors of tight sandstone in Silurian Xiaoheba Formation of Shizhu synclinorium and around area on the eastern edge of Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition,2010;37(3) :244-248.
12 王勇,施泽进,刘亚伟. 鄂西渝东地区石柱复向斜志留系小河坝组致密砂岩成岩作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1): 75-82.
WANG Y,SHI Z J,LIU Y W. Diagenesis of tight sandstone in the Silurian Xiaoheba Formation of the Shizhu synclinoyium,western Hubei-eastern Chongqing area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011, 32(1): 75-82.
13 刘成林,李景明,蒋裕强,等. 川东小河坝砂岩天然气成藏地球化学研究[J]. 西南石油学院学报,2002,24(1):46-50.
LIU C L, LI J M, JIANG Y Q, et al. Geochemistry research on natural gas reservoir formation of Xiaoheba Formation of Lower Silurian in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2002,24(1):46-50.
14 邱玉超,罗冰,夏茂龙,等.四川盆地志留系小河坝组海相碎屑岩勘探方向及潜力[J]. 天然气勘探与开发,2019,42(1):1-6.
QIU Y C, LUO B, XIA M L.Exploration prospect and potential: Marine clastic rocks of Silurian Xiaoheba Formation, Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2019,42(1): 1-6.
15 王志刚.涪陵大型海相页岩气田成藏条件及高效勘探开发关键技术[J].石油学报,2019,40(3):370-382.
WANG Z G. Reservoir formation conditions and key efficient exploration & development technologies for marine shale gasfleids in Fuling area, South China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(3):370-382.
16 马新华, 谢军. 川南地区页岩气勘探开发进展及发展前景[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(1): 161-169.
MA X H, XIE J. The progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and exploitation in southern Sichuan Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(1): 161-169.
17 董大忠, 高世葵, 黄金亮, 等. 论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(12): 1-15.
DONG D Z, GAO S K, HUANG J L, et al. A discussion on the shale gas exploration & development prospect in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(12): 1-15.
18 邹才能, 董大忠, 王玉满, 等. 中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(一)[J].石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(6): 689-701.
ZOU C N, DONG D Z, WANG Y M, et al. Shale gas in China: Characteristics, challenges and prospects (I)[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(6): 689-701.
19 马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣. 中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):561-574.
MA Y S, CAI X Y, ZHAO P R. China’s shale gas exploration and development: understanding and practice[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(4):561-574.
20 《中国地层典》编委会. 中国地层典:志留系[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998.
Editorial Board of China Stratigraphic Code. China Stratigraphic Code: Silurian System[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1998.
21 王国茹,陈洪德,朱志军,等. 川东南—湘西地区志留系小河坝组砂岩中重矿物特征及地质意义[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,38(1):7-14.
WANG G R,CHEN H D,ZHU Z J, et al. Characteristics and geological implications of heavy minerals in Lower Silurian Xiaoheba Formation sandstones in Southeast Sichuan-West Hunan[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition,2011,38(1) :7-14.
22 魏国齐,贾东,杨威,等.四川盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2019.
WEI G Q, JIA D, YANG W, et al. Structural Characteristics and Oil & Gas in Sichuan Basin[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019.
23 王良军,张文凯,胡晓文, 等.川东南志留系小河坝组致密砂岩储层孔隙结构[J]. 成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010, 37(3) : 244-248.
WANG L J, ZHANG W K, HU X W, et al.Pore structures of the Xiaoheba Formation tight sandstone reservoirs in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science & Technology Edition,2010,37(3): 244-248.
24 OLSON J E,LAUBACH S E,LANDER R H.Natural fracture characterization in tight gas sandstones: Integrating mechanics and diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11) :1535-1549.
25 WANG W,ZHENG D,SHENG G,et al.A review of stimulated reservoir volume characterization for multiple fractured horizontal well in unconventional reservoirs[J].Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2017,1(1):54-63.
26 XU C M,GEHENN J M G,ZHAO D H,et al.The fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary systems and stratigraphic correlation in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(11):2023-2041.
27 LANDER R H,LAUBACH S E.Insights into rates of fracture growth and sealing from a model for quartz cementation in fractured sandstones[J].GSA Bulletin,2015,127(3-4): 516-538.
28 杨威,谢增业,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组储层评价及天然气成藏机理[J].天然气工业,2010,32(12):10-15.
YANG W, XIE Z Y, JIN H, et al.Reservoir evaluation and pooling mechanism of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010,32(12):10-15。
29 梁东星,胡素云,谷志东,等.四川盆地开江古隆起形成演化及其对天然气成藏的控制作用[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):35-41.
LIANG D X, HU S Y, GU Z D, et al.Formation and evolution process of Kaijiang paleohigh in the Sichuan Basin and its controlling effects on gas pool formation[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015,35(9):35-41.
30 邹才能,徐春春,李伟,等.川东石炭系大型岩性地层气藏形成条件与勘探方向[J]. 石油学报, 2010,31(1):18-25.
ZOU C N, XU C C,LI W, et al.The formation conditions and exploration targets of large Carboniferous lithologic and stratigraphic gas pools in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010,31(1):18-25.
31 姜自然,陆正元,吕宗刚,等.四川盆地东吴期泸州古隆起与茅口组碳酸盐岩缝洞储层分布[J]. 石油实验地质, 2014,36(4):411-416.
JIANG Z R, LU Z Y, LÜ Z G, et al.Distribution of carbonate fractured and vuggy reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Luzhou paleo-uplift during Dongwu movement, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2014,36(4):411-416.
32 胡文瑞, 魏漪, 鲍敬伟. 中国低渗透油气藏开发理论与技术进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(4): 646-656.
HU W R, WEI Y, BAO J W. Development of the theory and technology for low permeability reservoirs in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 646-656.
[1] 龙胜祥, 刘娅昭, 许华明, 陈前, 程喆. 四川盆地中国石化探区天然气勘探开发领域与技术攻关方向[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(9): 1195-1203.
[2] 吴小奇, 陈迎宾, 翟常博, 周小进, 刘文汇, 杨俊, 宋晓波. 四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气来源及勘探方向[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(9): 1204-1215.
[3] 肖富森, 韦腾强, 王小娟, 关旭, 吴长江, 洪海涛. 四川盆地川中—川西地区沙溪庙组层序地层特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(9): 1216-1224.
[4] 张昭丰, 王良军, 张立强, 黎承银. 川东南回龙场地区小河坝组砂岩元素特征及古环境意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(9): 1239-1249.
[5] 胡勇, 梅青燕, 王继平, 陈颖莉, 徐轩, 焦春艳, 郭长敏. 致密砂岩气藏井网加密优化[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(9): 1326-1333.
[6] 席斌斌, 申宝剑, 蒋宏, 杨振恒, 王小林. 天然气藏中CH4—H2O—NaCl体系不混溶包裹体群捕获温压恢复及应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 923-930.
[7] 赛彦明, 田辉, 李杰, 刘银山, 张彬, 刘俊杰. 含油气系统Re⁃Os定年及Re⁃Os元素和同位素体系研究新进展[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 939-951.
[8] 刘超威, 郭旭光, 王泽胜, 朱伶俐, 张蓉, 陈洪. 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷东斜坡侏罗系头屯河组油气成藏期次[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 962-969.
[9] 王碧维, 徐新德, 吴杨瑜, 游君君, 雷明珠. 珠江口盆地西部文昌凹陷油气来源与成藏特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 980-992.
[10] 李斌, 梅文华, 李琪琪, 卓勤功, 鲁雪松, 郭强. 四川盆地西北部前陆盆地构造演化对古生界海相油气成藏的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(7): 993-1003.
[11] 石书缘, 王铜山, 刘伟, 姜华, 李秋芬, 刘鑫, 曾乙洋, 邹翔, 胡丽. 四川盆地寒武系洗象池组储层特征及天然气勘探潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 773-785.
[12] 殷建国, 郭晖, 吴志雄, 史基安, 琚宜文, 张明峰. 柴达木盆地北缘马仙地区路乐河组风成砂岩识别及沉积相模式[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 786-799.
[13] 刘洪林, 王怀厂, 张辉, 赵伟波, 刘燕, 刘德勋, 周尚文. 四川盆地东部小河坝组沥青纳米孔隙网络及其成藏意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 818-826.
[14] 郭明强, 周龙刚, 张兵, 潘新志, 王应斌. 致密砂岩气水分布特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地东部临兴地区为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 855-864.
[15] 李奇, 高树生, 刘华勋, 叶礼友, 吴泓辉, 朱文卿, 张杰, 杨懿, 杨茂红. 致密砂岩气藏井网加密与采收率评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6): 865-876.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Al-Arouri K;Mckirdy D;Boreham C(澳大利亚);孙庆峰(译). 用油源对比方法识别澳大利亚南塔鲁姆凹陷的石油系统[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(4-5): 57 -67 .
[2] 马立祥;. 断层封闭性研究在烃类聚集系统分析中的意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(3): 1 -8 .
[3] 马立祥. 岩石物理流动单元的概念及其研究现状[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(2): 30 -36 .
[4] 李在光;杨占龙;李琳;郭精义;黄云峰;吴青鹏;李红哲;. 胜北地区油气分布规律[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(1): 94 -96 .
[5] 王杰,刘文汇,秦建中,张隽. 中国东部幔源气藏存在的现实性与聚集成藏的规律性[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18(1): 19 -26 .
[6] 李亮,万晓龙,李志伟,张永强,张振红. 油气成藏模拟实验在白于山油藏开发中的应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(2): 219 -222 .
[7] 李广之;袁子艳;胡斌;邓天龙;. 利用顶空气技术判别凝析气(油)储层[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(3): 309 -312 .
[8] 李凤杰;王多云;. 鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组高分辨率层序地层学研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(3): 339 -344 .
[9] 赵孟军;宋岩;柳少波;秦胜飞;洪峰;傅国友;达江;. 中国中西部前陆盆地成藏特征的初步分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(4): 445 -451 .
[10] 姚亚明;周继军;何明喜;付代国;陈建军;. 对焉耆盆地油气地质条件的认识[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(4): 463 -467 .