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天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 518–531.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.11.005

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆相湖盆扇三角洲—滩坝体系砂体展布特征与叠置模式

张宸赫1,2(),韩军铮3,纪友亮1,2(),周勇1,2,苏芮4,王世超5,尹俊霞5,张素华5,唐林1,2,刘尽贤1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学（北京）地球科学学院，北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学（北京）油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
    3.中国石油华北油田公司开发事业部，河北 任丘 062552
    4.中国石油华北油田公司勘探开发研究院，河北 任丘 062552
    5.中国石油华北油田公司第三采油厂，河北 河间 062450
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-08 修回日期:2019-11-18 出版日期:2020-04-10 发布日期:2020-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 纪友亮 E-mail:2922755650@qq.com;jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张宸赫（1994-），男，黑龙江安达人，硕士研究生，主要从事沉积学和层序地层学研究.E-mail:2922755650@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“高频湖平面变化背景下复合三角洲砂体的结构及分布模式”(41672098)

Distribution characteristics and stacking patterns of sandbodies in the continental lacustrine fan delta-beach dam system: A case study from submember 3 upper of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Liuxi area, Raoyang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

Chen-he ZHANG1,2(),Jun-zheng HAN3,You-liang JI1,2(),Yong ZHOU1,2,Rui SU4,Shi-chao WANG5,Jun-xia YIN5,Su-hua ZHANG5,Lin TANG1,2,Jin-xian LIU1,2   

  1. 1.College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum（Beijing），Beijing 102249, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    3.Development Department, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China
    4.Research Institute, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China
    5.No. 3 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Hejian 062450, China
  • Received:2019-09-08 Revised:2019-11-18 Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-04-26
  • Contact: You-liang JI E-mail:2922755650@qq.com;jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672098)

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摘要：

基于高分辨率层序地层学理论，综合利用岩心、测录井、地震及实验室分析化验资料，识别了断陷盆地陡坡带扇三角洲—滩坝体系的沉积特征，探讨了砂体展布的控制因素，最后建立了留西地区沙三上亚段砂体的叠置模式。研究表明：①水下分流河道、河口砂坝和滩坝砂体为研究区主要的砂体类型。②顺物源方向，受地形变缓影响，扇三角洲水下分流河道的宽度与深度逐渐减小；高频（四级）湖平面的变化控制了扇三角洲—滩坝体系的进积与退积，更高频次（五级—六级）湖平面的变化控制了层序内部砂体的叠置样式与展布规律。③研究区不同类型的砂体垂向叠置模式主要有4种，分别为深切河道叠置、坝上河叠置、孤立河道叠置及河口砂坝—滩坝复合叠置。

关键词: 扇三角洲, 滩坝, 沙河街组, 叠置模式, 控制因素, 留西地区

Abstract:

Based on the high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, the sedimentary characteristics of the fan delta-beach dam system in the steep slope of the fault depression basin are identified by the comprehensive application of the core, logging, seismic and laboratory data. It discussed the controlling factors of the distribution of sand bodies in this area, and established the superposition model of sand bodies in the submember 3 upper of Shahejie Formation in Liuxi area. The results show that :(1) Underwater distributary channel, river mouse bar and beach bar sand bodies are the main sand bodies in the study area. (2) In the direction of the source, the width and depth of the underwater distributary channel in the fan delta are gradually reduced due to the slow topography. The variation of high frequency (level 4) lake level controls the progressive and regressive deposition of the fan delta and beach dam system, and the variation of higher frequency (level 5-6) lake level controls the superposition style and distribution rules of sand bodies in the sequence. (3) There are four types of vertical superposition modes of sand bodies in the study area, which are deep water channel superposition, river over bar superposition, isolated river superposition and river mouse bar-beach dam composite superposition.

Key words: Fan delta, Bench bar, Shahejie Formation, Superimposed model, Control factor, Liuxi area

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

图1

饶阳凹陷留西地区构造位置[10,11]"

图2

留西地区沙河街组A—A’剖面地震剖面（a）与沉积相(b)分布特征"

图3

留西地区沙河街组构造演化"

表1

留西地区古近系沙三上亚段扇三角洲相亚相标志划分"

亚相微相岩性层理冲刷面生物扰动化石测井曲线形态接触关系

扇三角洲

平原

辫状分流

河道

含砾砂岩，细砂岩板状交错、波状、水平层理有未见植物根齿化箱型、钟型和复合钟型突变
漫滩沼泽紫红色泥岩，薄层炭质夹层水平、块状层理无未见无平直基线

扇三角洲

前缘

水下分流

河道

中细砂岩、粉砂岩小型槽状、平行层理有未见生物遗迹、植物茎叶碎片箱型、复合箱型突变

水下分流

河道间

灰色细砂岩，浅灰色泥岩水平层理无可见虫孔未见平直基线渐变
河口砂坝中细砂岩、粉砂岩羽状交错、浪成波纹、水平层理，压扁及变形层理无可见虫孔未见漏斗型、复合漏斗型渐变
席状砂中细砂岩、粉砂岩小型交错层理、波状层理无未见未见对称指型渐变

表2

留西地区古近系沙三上亚段湖相亚相标志划分"

亚相湖平面位置微相岩性构造化石分布生物扰动测井曲线形态
滨浅湖洪水面与浪基面之间滩坝中细砂岩、粉砂岩浪成交错、波状层理生物遗迹平行湖岸线未见不对称指型
浅湖泥浅灰色泥岩水平层理未见滩坝与河口砂坝之间可见虫孔平直基线
深湖—半深湖风暴浪基面之下浊积砂块状细砂岩、泥灰岩块状、细波状层理未见夹灰色泥岩之间未见钟型
深湖泥深灰色泥岩、钙质页岩水平层理、卷曲变形层理植物炭屑广泛分布未见平直基线

图4

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段测井曲线类型"

图5

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段生物扰动构造岩心照片(a)留17-50井，3 023.95 m，灰绿色泥岩中的水平虫孔；(b)留459井，3 150.50 m，深灰色砂岩中倾斜虫孔；(c)留17-50井，3 002.55 m，炭化植物碎屑"

图6

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段磨圆较好的泥砾岩心照片(a)留17-50井，3 013.90 m，灰绿色泥砾；(b)留17-6井，3 030.15 m，灰色泥砾；(c)留459井，3 086 m，灰绿色泥砾"

图7

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段层理标志岩心照片(a)留17-50井，3 080.90 m，冲洗交错层理；(b)留17-6井，3 007.00 m，波状层理；(c)留459井，3 110.10 m，槽状交错层理；(d)留17-6井，3 004.00 m，块状层理；(e)路46井，3 338.04 m，平行层理；(f)留451井，2 963.80 m，水平层理"

图8

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段粒度概率曲线"

表3

河口砂坝和滩坝相沉积特征对比"

对比特征河口砂坝滩坝
岩性砂岩、粉砂岩砂岩为主
分选中等好
磨圆次棱角—次圆近圆
概率图两段式三段、三段夹过渡式
构造槽状、波状交错层理，块状层理冲洗交错层理，波状层理，垂直方向生物钻孔和植物根
测井曲线典型漏斗、复合漏斗型对称指型

图9

饶阳凹陷留西地区沙三上亚段Ⅱ-4小层砂厚(a)和沉积微相(b)分布"

图10

饶阳凹陷过留17-3—留17-38—留17-48—留17-53—路43-28x—路43-13x—留83井连井砂体对比剖面（剖面位置见图9）"

图11

饶阳凹陷留西地区沙三上亚段Ⅲ-5小层砂厚（a）和沉积微相分布(b)"

图12

饶阳凹陷沙三上亚段更高频次湖平面变化对砂体充填及岸线迁移的影响（据文献[20]修改）"

图13

饶阳凹陷古近系沙三上亚段层序地层及沉积演化特征"

图14

留西地区沙三上亚段扇三角洲—滩坝沉积体系内部层序演化和砂体叠置模式"

图15

饶阳凹陷过留17-101井—留454井—留17-47井—留17-50井—留17-55井连井砂体对比剖面（剖面位置见图9）"

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