天然气地球科学
高级检索
作者投稿 专家审稿 编辑办公

天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 1782–1793.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.09.009

• 非常规天然气 • 上一篇    

川东北地区自流井组陆相页岩岩相类型及储层发育特征

曹香妮1,2(),姜振学1,2(),朱德宇1,2,仇恒远1,2,陈磊1,2,罗东东1,2,双子俊1,2,李维邦1,2   

  1. 1. 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
    2. 中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院，北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-04 修回日期:2019-09-28 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2020-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 姜振学 E-mail:sunny_cao1995@163.com;jiangzx@cup.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曹香妮（1995-），女，陕西西安人，硕士研究生，主要从事非常规油气形成与分布研究. E-mail：sunny_cao1995@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05034-001);国家自然科学基金（编号41872135）联合资助

Lithofacies types and reservoir characteristics of continental shales of Ziliujing Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin

Xiang-ni Cao1,2(),Zhen-xue Jiang1,2(),De-yu Zhu1,2,Heng-yuan Qiu1,2,Lei Chen1,2,Dong-dong Luo1,2,Zi-jun Shuang1,2,Wei-bang Li1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting，Beijing 102249，China
    2. University of China University of Petroleum，Beijing 102249，China
  • Received:2019-07-04 Revised:2019-09-28 Online:2019-12-10 Published:2020-03-25
  • Contact: Zhen-xue Jiang E-mail:sunny_cao1995@163.com;jiangzx@cup.edu.cn

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

112

摘要：

中国陆相页岩气资源潜力巨大，其中川东北部分地区下侏罗统获得了工业性页岩气流。开展页岩岩相划分与储层特征的研究有利于进一步勘探开发陆相页岩气。通过XRD、普通薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、N2吸附及CO2吸附等实验方法对川东北地区自流井组陆相页岩进行精细研究。以有机质丰度及矿物组成为分类参数将页岩分为12种不同岩相，查明了自流井组页岩主要发育4种岩相，即贫有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ3）、含有机质混合质页岩（Ⅳ2）、含有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ2）与富有机质黏土质页岩（Ⅱ1）。不同岩相的页岩储层特征存在较大差异，富有机质黏土质页岩有机质含量大于2%，生烃潜力最好，有机质孔及黏土矿物晶间孔之间连通性较好且比表面积较大，发育的纹层状构造有利于工业压裂，为最优陆相页岩岩相，是最有利的陆相页岩气勘探开发目标；含有机质混合质页岩（Ⅳ2）有机质含量大于1%，孔体积较高，储气能力较好，且发育有利于压裂的层状构造，为良好陆相页岩岩相，是较有利的勘探开发目标；而贫有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ3）与含有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ2）则具块状特征，孔体积与比表面积均较低，为较差陆相页岩岩相，是最不利的勘探开发目标。

关键词: 川东北地区, 陆相页岩气, 自流井组, 页岩岩相, 储层特征

Abstract:

The potential of continental shale gas resources in China is abundant and the industrial shale gas has been obtained in shale reservoir in the Lower Jurassic of northeastern Sichuan Basin. The types of lithofacies and reservoir characteristics are essential to exploration and development of continental shale gas. Based on the experiments of XRD, analytical data of ordinary thin section, scanning electron microscope, high pressure mercury pressure, N2 adsorption and CO2 adsorption, a study on the continental shale of Ziliujing Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin is carried out. According to the total organic matter content and mineral composition as classification parameters, the shale is divided into 12 different lithofacies. Four kinds of lithofacies are developed in Ziliujing Formation, which are organic-poor siliceous shale(Ⅰ3), organic-fair mixed shale(Ⅳ2), organic-fair siliceous shale(Ⅰ2) and organic-rich argillaceous shale(Ⅱ1). The reservoir characteristics of different lithofacies are quite different. The total organic matter content of Ⅱ1 is more than 2%, and the hydrocarbon generation potential is the best. The pores of organic matter and clay minerals have good connectivity and large specific surface area, and the Ⅱ1 developed laminar structure which is favorable for artificial fracturing. The organic matter content of Ⅳ2 is more than 1%. The Ⅳ2 developed high pore volume and the layered structure. However, the Ⅰ3 and the Ⅰ2 have the characteristics of massive, and developed low pore volume and specific surface area.

Key words: Northeastern Sichuan Basin, Continental shale gas, Ziliujing Formation, Lithofacies, Reservoir characteristics

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

图1

川东北地区区域地质背景（a）与自流井组地层综合柱状图（b）(据倪超等[15]修改)"

表1

自流井组页岩样品地球化学及岩石学测试结果"

层位TOC/%RO/%有机质类型全岩矿物百分数/%
石英长石碳酸盐矿物菱铁矿黄铁矿黏土矿物
大安寨段0.47~2.441.0521.39~1.461.425Ⅱ119.3~63.240.541.1~11.55.970~50.216.130~17.71.180~6.21.3622.6~47.834.82
东岳庙段0.09~3.101.5711.65~1.731.683Ⅱ1、Ⅱ229.1~74.349.131~3.82.320~2.40.400~18.74.23/24.7~65.543.93

图2

川东北地区自流井组页岩全岩矿物分析"

图3

川东北地区自流井组页岩的矿物组分三角图和TOC含量"

图4

川东北地区自流井组页岩的岩心特征（a）元陆4井大安寨段，灰色泥岩、灰褐色介屑灰岩，块状构造，埋深3 745.38~3 746.56m；（b）元陆4井大安寨段，灰褐色含生屑页岩与灰色泥页岩互层，层状构造，埋深3 757.01~3 759m；（c）元陆4井大安寨段，灰黑色泥页岩，块状构造，埋深3 787.77~3 789.52m；（d）元陆4井东岳庙段，灰黑色泥页岩，纹层状构造，埋深3 996.15~3 997.77m"

图5

川东北地区自流井组页岩镜下薄片特征(a）元陆4井大安寨段，贫有机质硅质页岩，可见石英条带，埋深3 745.38~3 746.56m；(b）元陆4井大安寨段，含有机质混合质页岩，层状构造，埋深3 757.01~3 759m；(c）元陆4井大安寨段，含有机质硅质页岩，纹层构造不明显，埋深3 787.77~3 789.52m；(d）元陆4井东岳庙段，富有机质黏土质页岩，可见纹层发育，埋深3 996.15~3 997.77m"

图6

川东北地区自流井组页岩SEM照片(a)含有机质混合质页岩，不同矿物组成孔隙发育差异较大，埋深3 754.39m；(b)含有机质混合质页岩，黄铁矿被黏土矿物包裹，埋深3 754.39m；(c)含有机质混合质页岩，有机质周围发育一些溶蚀孔隙，埋深3 754.39m；(d)含有机质硅质页岩，有机质呈层状，埋深3 758.74m；(e)含有机质硅质页岩，黄铁矿支撑，黏土矿物晶间孔发育，埋深3 758.74m；(f)含有机质硅质页岩，椭圆状溶蚀孔隙，埋深3 758.74m；(g)富有机质黏土质页岩，发育不规则有机质孔隙，埋深4 053.22m；(h)富有机质黏土质页岩，有机质周围发育溶蚀孔隙，埋深4 053.22m；(i)富有机质黏土质页岩，有机质孔隙与黏土矿物晶间孔较为发育，埋深4 053.22m"

图7

川东北地区自流井组不同岩相孔体积与比表面积分布（据姜振学等[23]修改）"

图8

自流井组不同岩相平均孔体积与孔比表面积"

图9

川东北地区自流井组大安寨段页岩岩相及储层综合柱状图"

表2

自流井组陆相页岩不同岩相储层特征对比"

岩相类型TOC/%构造特征孔体积/(cm3/g)比表面积/(m2/g)评价结果
贫有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ3）<1块状0.02112.28差
含有机质混合质页岩（Ⅳ2）1~2层状0.02512.86良好
含有机质硅质页岩（Ⅰ2）1~2块状0.01812.21中等
富有机质黏土质页岩（Ⅱ1）>2纹层状0.01920.82优
1 Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.
2 Guo Tonglou.Discovery and characteristics of the Fuling shale field and its enlightenment and thinking[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):29-43.
郭彤楼.涪陵页岩气田发现的启示与思考[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):29-43.
3 Wang Xiangzeng,Gao Shengli,Gao Chao.Geological features of Mesozoic continental shale gas in south of Ordos Basin, NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):294-304.
王香增,高胜利,高潮.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界陆相页岩气地质特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):294-304.
4 Zhang Jinchuan,Jiang Shengling,Tang Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China[J].Nature Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114.
张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.
5 Loucks R G,Ruppel S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
6 Ross D J K,Marc Bustin R.The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):916-927.
7 Wang G,Carr T R.Marcellus Shale lithofacies prediction by multiclass neural network classification in the Appalachian Basin [J].Mathematical Geosciences,2012,44(8):975-1004.
8 Liang Chao,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Yiting,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):691-698.
梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
9 Li Zhuo,Jiang Zhenxue,Tang Xianglu,et al.Lithofacies characteristics and its effect on pore structure of the marine shale in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Chongqing[J].Earth Science,2017,42(7):1116-1123.
李卓,姜振学,唐相路,等.渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩岩相特征及其对孔隙结构的控制[J].地球科学,2017,42(7):1116-1123.
10 Wang Qingbo,Liu Ruobing,Wei Xiangfeng,et al.Geologic condition of shale gas accumulation in continental facies and main controlling factors of enrichment and high production:Taking Yuanba district as an example[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Filed,2013,20(6):698-703.
王庆波,刘若冰,魏祥峰,等.陆相页岩气成藏地质条件及富集高产主控因素分析——以元坝地区为例[J].断块油气田,2013,20(6):698-703.
11 Shu Yao,Hu Ming.Structural feature and deformation stages in northeastern of Sichuan Basin[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2010,3(2):17-20.
舒姚,胡明.川东北地区构造特征及变形期次探讨[J].复杂油气藏,2010,3(2):17-20.
12 Yu Dongdong,Tang Liangjie,Yu Yixin,et al.Differential structural evolution and its influence on the natural gas accumulation of continental strata in the western and northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2016,30(5):1085-1095.
于冬冬,汤良杰,余一欣,等.川西和川东北地区差异构造演化及其对陆相层系天然气成藏的影响[J].现代地质,2016,30(5):1085-1095.
13 Ni Kai.Shale-gas reservoir-forming conditions in Da’anzhai section, Yuanba area[J].Natural Gas Technology and Economy,2012,6(4):13-16.
倪楷.元坝地区大安寨段页岩气藏的形成条件[J].天然气技术与经济,2012,6(4):13-16.
14 Yong Yunqiao.Research on Sedimentary Facies of the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Yuanba Area of the Northeast Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.
雍云乔.川东北元坝地区下侏罗统自流井组沉积相特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.
15 Ni Chao,Hao Yi,Hou Gangfu,et al.Cognition and significance of Lower Jurassic Da’anzhai organic muddy shell limestone reservoir in central Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(2):45-56.
倪超,郝毅,厚刚福,等.四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段含有机质泥质介壳灰岩储层的认识及其意义[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(2):45-56.
16 Zhu Tong,Wang Feng,Yu Lingjie,et al.Controlling factors and types of shale gas enrichment in the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(3):399-407.
朱彤,王烽,俞凌杰,等.四川盆地页岩气富集控制因素及类型[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):399-407.
17 Huang Dong,Yang Guang,Wei Tengqiang,et al.Recognition of high yield and stable yield factors of Da’anzhai Tight Oil, Guihua Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2015,37(5):23-32.
黄东,杨光,韦腾强,等.川中桂花油田大安寨段致密油高产稳产再认识[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2015,37(5):23-32.
18 Liang Digang,Ran Longhui,Dai Danshen,et al. A recognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and un-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32 (1):8-17.
梁狄刚,冉隆辉,戴弹申,等.四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):8-17.
19 Wang Shaoyong,Li Jianzhong,Li Denghua,et al.The potential of tight oil resource in Jurassic Da’anzhai Formation of the Gongshanmiao Oil Field, central Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2013,40(2):477-486.
汪少勇,李建忠,李登华,等.川中地区公山庙油田侏罗系大安寨段致密油资源潜力分析[J].中国地质,2013, 40(2):477-486.
20 Gao Jian, Lin Liangbiao, Ren Tianlong,et al.Controlling factors for shale gas enrichment of the Lower Jurassic Dongyuemiao member in the northern Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(5):67-75.
高健,林良彪,任天龙,等.川北地区下侏罗统东岳庙段页岩气富集主控因素研究[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28 (5):67-75.
21 Wang Guanmin,Zhong Jianhua.A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine lamina[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,24(3):43-48.
王冠民,钟建华.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,24(3):43-48.
22 Yang Wanqin,Wang Xuejun,Ding Juhong,et al.Characteristics and control factors of fine-grained sedimentary rock lithofacies in Bonan Subsag[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2017,46(2):365-374.
杨万芹,王学军,丁桔红,等.渤南洼陷细粒沉积岩岩相发育特征及控制因素[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(2):365-374.
23 Jiang Zhenxue,Tang Xianglu,Li Zhuo,et al.The whole aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):126-134.
姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23 (2):126-134.
24 Shi Miao,Yu Bingsong,Xue Zhipeng,et al.Pore characteristics and significance of the Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in northwestern,China Guizhou[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):206-217.
史淼,于炳松,薛志鹏,等.黔西北地区龙马溪组页岩气储层孔隙特征及其储气意义[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):206-217.
25 Wei Xiangfeng,Liu Ruobing,Zhang Tingshan,et al.Micro-pores structure characteristics and development control factors of shale gas reservoir:A case of Longmaxi Formation in XX area of southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):1048-1059.
魏祥峰,刘若冰,张廷山,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及发育控制因素——以川南—黔北XX地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):1048-1059.
26 Chen Shiyue,Zhang Shun,Wang Yongshi,et al.Lithofacies types and reservoirs of Paleogene fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):198-208.
陈世悦,张顺,王永诗,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系细粒沉积岩岩相类型及储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):198-208.
27 Wu Lanyu,Hu Dongfeng,Lu Yongchao,et al.Advantageous shale lithofacies of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling Gas Field of Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43 (2):189-197.
吴蓝宇,胡东风,陆永潮,等.四川盆地涪陵气田五峰组—龙马溪组页岩优势岩相[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):189-197.
28 Jia Chengye,Jia Ailin,Han Pinlong,et al.Reservoir characterization and development evaluation of organic-rich gas-bearing shale layers in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(9):1406-1415.
贾成业,贾爱林,韩品龙,等.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组优质页岩储层特征与开发评价[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(9):1406-1415.
[1] 李祖兵, 李剑, 崔俊峰, 邢立平, 吴雪松. 渤海湾盆地北大港潜山中生界碎屑岩储层特征及发育主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(1): 13-25.
[2] 陈旋, 刘小琦, 王雪纯, 马强, 刘俊田, 龚鑫, 杨小东, 石江峰, 白国娟. 三塘湖盆地芦草沟组页岩油储层形成机理及分布特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1180-1189.
[3] 付爽, 庞雷, 许学龙, 曹元婷, 刘振宇, 张顺存, . 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下乌尔禾组储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(4): 468-477.
[4] 李延丽, 苟迎春, 马新民, 李程程, 王朴, 陈芳芳. 柴达木盆地坪西地区基岩气藏储层特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(2): 219-227.
[5] 谢宁,操应长,王健,金杰华,张文杰,钟泽红. 北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷古近系流三段成岩作用及对储层物性影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(12): 1743-1754.
[6] 王丹丹,周新桂,刘丽红,李世臻,张交东,张文浩,刘卫彬,刘旭锋,曾秋楠. 通化盆地下白垩统亨通山组泥页岩储层特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(12): 1771-1781.
[7] 刘虎, 曹涛涛, 戚明辉, 王东强, 邓模, 曹清古, 程斌, 廖泽文. 四川盆地东部华蓥山地区龙潭组页岩气储层特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(1): 11-26.
[8] 蒋裕强, 谷一凡, 徐昌海, 张洁伟, 程晓艳, 陈辉. 开江—梁平海槽东侧飞仙关组岩相分区及地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(8): 1067-1077.
[9] 王珊, 曹颖辉, 杜德道, 王石, 李洪辉, 董洪奎, 严威, 白莹. 塔里木盆地柯坪—巴楚地区肖尔布拉克组储层特征与主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(6): 784-795.
[10] 王国龙，杜社宽. 准噶尔盆地北三台凸起二叠系梧桐沟组一段碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(5): 675-681.
[11] 田瀚, 唐松, 张建勇, 辛勇光, 王鑫, 李文正. 川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组储层特征及其形成条件[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(11): 1585-1594.
[12] 李国欣, 易士威, 林世国, 高阳, 李明鹏, 李德江, 王昌勇. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部地区下侏罗统储层特征及其主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(10): 1506-1517.
[13] 贾成业,贾爱林,韩品龙,王建君,袁贺,乔辉. 四川盆地志留系龙马溪组优质页岩储层特征与开发评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(9): 1406-1415.
[14] 刘英杰，黄传炎，岳家恒，郭来源. 陆相湖盆层序地层格架内有机质发育及控制因素分析——以中上扬子建南地区侏罗系东岳庙段为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(6): 930-938.
[15] 邹才能, 赵群, 董大忠, 杨智, 邱振, 梁峰, 王南, 黄勇, 端安详, 张琴, 胡志明. 页岩气基本特征、主要挑战与未来前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(12): 1781-1796.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!