天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 1539–1550.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.08.008

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

川东地区台内洼地二叠系生物礁、滩沉积格局及勘探意义

蒋裕强1,2(),周亚东1,2(),陈智雍3,谷一凡1,2,付永红1,2,易娟子3,张洁伟4,蒋增政5   

  1. 1. 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川 成都 610500
    2. 中国石油非常规重点实验室储层评价实验室,四川 成都 610500
    3. 中国石油西南油气田公司重庆气矿,重庆 400021
    4. 中国石油西南油气田公司川东北气矿,四川 达州 635000
    5. 四川杰瑞泰克科技有限公司,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-31 修回日期:2019-08-29 出版日期:2019-11-10 发布日期:2020-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 周亚东 E-mail:xnsyjyq3055@126.com;691123352@qq.com
  • 作者简介:蒋裕强(1963-),男,四川安岳人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事非常规油气地质及复杂碳酸盐岩储层地质研究.E-mail:xnsyjyq3055@126.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“四川盆地大型碳酸盐岩气田开发示范工程”(2016ZX05052);中国石油重大科技攻关项目“四川盆地老区气田稳产保效关键技术研究与应用”(2016E-0607)

Sedimentary pattern and exploration significance of Permian reefs and shoals in intra-platform depressions, eastern Sichuan Basin

Yu-qiang Jiang1,2(),Ya-dong Zhou1,2(),Zhi-yong Chen3,Yi-fan Gu1,2,Yong-hong Fu1,2,Juan-zi Yi3,Jie-wei Zhang4,Zeng-zheng Jiang5   

  1. 1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
    2. PetroChina Unconventional Key Laboratory, Branch of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
    3. Chongqing Gas Field, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chongqing 400021, China
    4. Northeastern Sichuan Oil and Gas District, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Dazhou 635000, China
    5. Sichuan Geotech Science and Technology Ltd. ,Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2019-07-31 Revised:2019-08-29 Online:2019-11-10 Published:2020-03-23
  • Contact: Ya-dong Zhou E-mail:xnsyjyq3055@126.com;691123352@qq.com

摘要:

川东地区晚二叠世—早三叠世发育武胜—石柱台内洼地和重庆—綦江台内洼地,明确环台洼边缘分布的生物礁滩沉积格局及演化对四川盆地二叠系—三叠系礁滩气藏勘探的重要指导意义。基于川东地区卷洞、菊花坝、太运和冷水溪剖面长兴组的现场实测和系统取样分析,结合实际钻井资料和前期研究成果,认为长兴组沉积早期,除开江—梁平海槽外,研究区内其余地区均处于缓坡沉积环境,以硅质结核灰岩和泥晶灰岩等较深水沉积为主;而随着长兴组沉积中—晚期海退,开始出现明显的沉积分异现象,由南向北呈“两洼”—“一台”—“一槽”的沉积格局,即重庆—綦江台内洼地亚相及其以北的武胜—石柱台内洼地亚相(“两洼”)、武胜—石柱台内洼地亚相与开江—梁平海槽之间的台坪亚相(“一台”)及开江—梁平海槽主体(“一槽”)。沿武胜—石柱台内洼地南、北两侧台洼边缘带,发育生物礁滩组合,生物礁滩组合在北侧主要发育在长二段—长三段下部,在南侧则发育在长三段上部,具有“北早—南晚”的沉积特征,认为长兴期沉积古地貌上具有“北高—南低”的特点。研究区台内洼地沉积格局及生物礁滩演化规律的明确,为川东地区二叠系长兴组礁滩气藏勘探新领域评价提供了依据。

关键词: 武胜—石柱, 川东地区, 礁滩, 二叠系, 台内洼地, 台洼边缘, 沉积格局

Abstract:

There existed Wusheng-Shizhu and Chongqing-Qijiang intra-platform depressions in eastern Sichuan Basin during the Late Permian to Early Triassic. The clear understanding of sedimentary pattern and evolution of reef-shoal which surrounding the depression-margin has practical significance for guiding the exploration and development of the Permian-Triassic reef and shoal gas reservoirs. Based on measurement, systematic sampling and laboratory analysis of typical outcrops of Changxing Formation such as Juandong section, Juhuaba section, Lengshuixi section and Taiyun section which located in eastern Sichuan Basin, combined with the real drilling data and previous research, it is illustrated that the study area is dominated by ramp sedimentary environment except Kaijiang-Liangping Trough in the early sedimentary period of Changxing Formation. The main deposits are siliceous-nodule limestone and micrite meantime. With the regression in the middle-late sedimentary period of Changxing Formation, distinct sedimentary differentiation began to appear. From south to north in the study area during Changxing period, there is a “Two Depressions”-“One Platform”-“One Trough” sedimentary pattern, i.e. subfacies of Chongqing-Qijiang intra-platform depression and Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depression to its north (Two Depressions), platform-terrace subfacies between Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depression and Kaijiang-Liangping Trough, and the main body of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough. In the depression-margin zone on both sides of the intra-platform depression, the reef-shoal assemblage mainly develops in the lower part of Chang2 member-Chang3 member on the north side and in the upper part of Chang3 member on the south side. It has the sedimentary characteristics of “early in north-late in south”. It is considered that the sedimentary palaeogeomorphology of Changxing period is characterized by “higher in the north-lower in the south”. The clear understanding of sedimentary pattern and evolution law of reef-shoal around Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depression reveals a new field for exploration and development of Permian Changxing reef-shoal gas reservoirs in eastern Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Wusheng-Shizhu area, Eastern Sichuan Basin, Reef and shoal, Permian System, Intra-platform depression, Depression-margin, Sedimentary pattern

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

研究区长兴组地层厚度平面分布、沉积环境背景及地层柱状图"

表1

研究区各剖面地层出露情况统计"

剖面名称 出露地层 沉积相类型
太运剖面 嘉陵江组—飞仙关组—长兴组 台洼边缘亚相
菊花坝剖面 嘉陵江组—飞仙关组—长兴组 台内洼地亚相
卷洞剖面 飞仙关组—长兴组—龙潭组 台内洼地亚相
冷水溪剖面 飞仙关组—长兴组—龙潭组 台内洼地亚相

表2

研究区长兴组沉积相类型划分"

亚相 微相 岩性组合及特征 沉积物特征 典型井/剖面

缓坡

台地

台内

洼地

台洼礁 由生物礁灰岩构成,单层厚度小于1m 造礁生物仅见纤维海绵,生物格架间均为泥晶方解石充填 明2井、相6井、老龙洞剖面
台洼滩 由泥晶生屑灰岩构成,单层厚度小于3m 以生物碎屑为主,碎屑之间为泥晶方解石胶结物 文兴场剖面
浅洼灰泥 灰色薄层状泥晶灰岩 偶见生物碎屑 座3井、草14井
深洼硅泥 深灰色薄—中层状硅质灰岩 硅质呈条带状或结核状,未见生物碎屑 新8井、菊花坝剖面

台洼

边缘

台洼边缘礁 由礁核、礁基滩、礁顶滩构成 造礁生物为纤维海绵、房室海绵 卧117井、张20井、太运剖面
台洼边缘滩 台洼边缘高能环境形成的生物碎屑滩,以亮晶生屑灰岩、泥晶生屑灰岩为主 ?类、有孔虫、棘皮类、钙藻等 卧44井
礁滩间 浅灰色、灰色中—厚层状泥晶灰岩 可见少量浅水底栖生物碎屑 卧80井

台地

边缘

台缘礁 由礁核、礁基滩、礁顶滩构成 造礁生物种类丰富,包括纤维海绵、串管海绵、房室海绵、红藻 龙岗83井、天东004-X1井
台缘滩 台缘高能环境形成的生物碎屑滩,以亮晶生屑灰岩为主,次为泥晶生屑灰岩 ?类、有孔虫、棘皮类、钙藻等 兴隆1井
礁滩间 浅灰色、灰色中—厚层状泥晶灰岩 可见少量浅水底栖生物碎屑 福石2井
台坪 台内礁 由生物礁灰岩构成,单个礁核厚度小于2m 造礁生物仅见纤维海绵,生物格架间均为泥晶方解石充填 成34井、成23井
台内滩 浅灰色、灰色中层状泥晶生屑灰岩 以棘皮类、钙藻等浅水底栖生物碎屑为主,生屑之间为泥晶方解石胶结,滩体厚度1~3m 成34井
礁滩间 以薄—中层状浅灰色泥晶灰岩构成 可见有孔虫等少量浅水底栖生物碎屑 成22井、张20井
斜坡 以泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主 少见或未见生物碎屑 云安8井、池13井
海槽 以硅质页岩、钙质泥岩为主,次为泥质灰岩 见钙球、骨针、放射虫等浮游生物 窑厂剖面、梁6井

图2

研究区长兴组台内洼地亚相岩石学特征 (a)钙质泥岩,生屑定向排列,泥质含量较高,菊花坝剖面,长兴组第4层;(b)硅质结核灰岩,菊花坝剖面,长兴组第6层;(c)钙质泥岩,发育水平层理,菊花坝剖面,长兴组第8层;(d)钙质泥岩,长兴组,新8井,3 587.28m,单偏光;(e)新8井,长兴组,硅质灰岩,见海绵骨针,3 582.91~3 582.96m,单偏光;(f)泥晶灰岩,座1井,长兴组,2 379m,单偏光"

图3

研究区冷水溪剖面地层—沉积相柱状图"

图4

研究区长兴组台洼边缘亚相岩石学特征 (a)生物礁灰岩,造礁生物可见纤维海绵、串管海绵,个体大小约2cm,长兴组,太运剖面,第2层;(b)残余礁云岩,白云石化改造彻底,缝、洞极发育,面洞率超过8%,长兴组,卧061-1井,4 741m;(c)纤维海绵被白云石化,格架间孔洞被保留下来,长兴组,卧061-1井,4 741m,单偏光;(d)生物礁灰岩,长兴组,张18井,3 845m,单偏光;(e)生物礁灰岩,见房室海绵,长兴组,张21井,3 405m,单偏光;(f)生物礁灰岩中的纤维海绵,长兴组,卧118井,3 828.44m,单偏光;(g)残余生屑云岩,以棘皮类生物残余结构为主,长兴组,板东4井,3 489m,单偏光;(h)残余生屑云岩,以棘皮类生物残余结构为主,长兴组,卧061-1井,4 747.08m,单偏光;(i)亮晶生屑灰岩,长兴组,张24井,4 206m,单偏光"

图5

不同沉积亚相类型的生物礁滩组合对比示意"

图6

研究区长兴组跨相带二维地震剖面"

图7

研究区长兴组沉积中—晚期沉积相平面分布"

图8

研究区长兴组沉积中—晚期沉积模式"

图9

研究区长兴组连井沉积相对比(剖面位置见图7)"

图10

研究区长兴组连井沉积相对比(剖面位置见图7)"

图11

研究区长兴组台洼边缘亚相生物礁发育模式"

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