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天然气地球科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 37–46.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.08.006

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部致密砂岩储层微观裂缝特征及控制因素

吕文雅1,2(),曾联波1,2(),周思宾3,吉园园4,梁丰2,惠晨2,尉加盛5   

  1. 1.油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，中国石油大学（北京）北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学（北京）地球科学学院，北京 102249
    3.中国石化华北油田分公司勘探开发研究院，河南 郑州 450006
    4.中国石化华北油气分公司采油一厂，甘肃 庆阳 745000
    5.中国石油长庆油田分公司第六采气厂，陕西 西安 710016
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-22 修回日期:2019-08-18 出版日期:2020-01-10 发布日期:2020-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 曾联波 E-mail:wylvwenwen@163.com;lbzeng@sina.com
  • 作者简介:吕文雅（1990-），女，湖南邵阳人，讲师，博士，主要从事储层裂缝形成、分布及预测与非常规油气藏开发地质研究.E-mail：wylvwenwen@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05009001-002);中国石油大学（北京）青年拔尖人才科研启动基金项目(2462017YJRC057)

Microfracture characteristics and its controlling factors in the tight oil sandstones in the southwest Ordos Basin: Case study of the eighth member of the Yanchang Formation in Honghe Oilfield

Wen-ya LÜ1,2(),Lian-bo ZENG1,2(),Si-bin ZHOU3,Yuan-yuan JI4,Feng LIANG2,Chen HUI2,Jia-sheng WEI5   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2.College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    3.Exploration and Development Research Institute of North China Company, Sinopec, Zhengzhou 450006, China
    4.The First Oil Production Plant of North China Company, Sinopec, Qingyang 745000, China
    5.The Sixth Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710016, China
  • Received:2019-04-22 Revised:2019-08-18 Online:2020-01-10 Published:2020-01-09
  • Contact: Lian-bo ZENG E-mail:wylvwenwen@163.com;lbzeng@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    The National Science & Technology Major Projects of China(2017ZX05009001-002);The Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing(2462017YJRC057)

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摘要：

以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部红河油田长8致密砂岩储层为例，根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜分析，结合岩心和测井资料，采用地质学统计的方法，对微观裂缝的发育特征及控制因素进行系统分析，在此基础上，分析典型区块Q1井区的微观裂缝分布特征。结果表明：从地质成因上，该区致密砂岩储层的微观裂缝可以分为构造、成岩、构造—成岩和异常高压成因4种类型，其中以构造成因的微裂缝和构造—成岩成因的微裂缝为主，该区微观裂缝大部分为有效裂缝，少量无效裂缝被方解石、石英及炭质等充填。该区微观裂缝的发育程度受沉积作用、成岩作用、构造作用及异常高压作用控制。云母、岩屑等塑性成分含量越高，杂基含量越多，岩石颗粒越细，微裂缝发育程度越差；压实作用越强，越有利于构造—成岩成因的粒内缝、粒缘缝发育；随着胶结强度增强，粒内缝和粒缘缝发育程度降低，利于发育构造成因的微裂缝。典型区块Q1井区，在细砂岩强压实方解石强胶结相中，微观裂缝发育程度最强；其次为细砂岩强压实相和中—细砂岩方解石中胶结相；在细砂岩高岭石胶结相和绿泥石胶结中溶解相中，微观裂缝发育程度较弱；在泥岩中微观裂缝发育程度最弱。

关键词: 微观裂缝, 成因类型, 发育特征, 控制因素, 致密砂岩储层, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Based on the analysis of thin sections and scanning electron microscope, in combination with cores and well logs, microfracture characteristics and its controlling factors were systematicly analyzed in the tight sandstone reservoir of the eighth member of the Yanchang Formation in the Honghe Oilfield in the southwest Ordos Basin. Then, the distribution characteristics of microfractures in the typical Q1 well area were analyzed. The results show that from the perspective of geologic origins, microfractures can be divided into four types in the study area, i.e., tectonic origin, diagenetic origin, tectonic-diagenetic origin and overpressure origin. Among these microfractures, tectonic origin and tectonic-diagenetic origin microfractures are the most abundant. Most microfractures are effective, while some micorfractures are filled with calcite, quartz, mud and so on. Microfracture development degree is influenced by sedimentation, diagenesis, tectonism and overpressure. With the increase of matrix content and plastic element content such as mica debris, and the decrease of grain size, microfracture intensities decrease. The stronger the compaction is, the more abundant intragranular and grain edge fractures are developed, which are tectonic-diagenetic origins. Intragranular and grain-edge fracture intensities decrease as the cementing strength increases, thus being favorable for the development of tectonic origin microfractures. In the typical Q1 well area, microfractures are most developed in the fine sandstones with strong compaction and strong calcite cementation; next being fine sandstones with strong compaction and medium-fine sandstone with moderate calcite cementation. Microfractures are relatively weakly developed in fine sandstone with kaolinite compaction and fine sandstone with chlorite cementation and moderate dissolution. The development of microfractures is the weakest in mudstones.

Key words: Mircofractures, Origin types, Characteristics, Controlling factors, Tight sandstone reservoir, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元及研究区位置"

图2

微观裂缝成因类型及其分布特征（a）Q3井，2 268.92 m，构造成因裂缝（箭头所指），未被充填为有效裂缝；（b）Q9井，2 108.7 m，层理缝（箭头所指），沿矿物定向排列方向分布，被石油充填；（c）Q7井，2 243.51 m，粒内缝（箭头所指），未被充填为有效裂缝；（d）Q10井，2 195.9 m，异常高压相关的微裂缝（箭头所指），呈透镜状，被沥青质充填"

图3

微观裂缝面密度分布频率（a）穿粒缝面密度分布频率图 （b）粒内缝和粒缘缝面密度分布频率图"

图4

微观裂缝长度分布频率（a）穿粒缝长度分布频率图 （b）粒内缝和粒缘缝长度分布频率图"

图5

微观裂缝开度分布频率（a）穿粒缝开度分布频率图 （b）粒内缝和粒缘缝开度分布频率图"

图6

长8储层微观照片（a） Q10井，2 426.4 m，强压实，矿物颗粒定向排列，云母发生塑性形变呈条带状；（b） Q1井，2 101.03 m，强压实，颗粒整体破碎，粒内缝发育"

图7

不同沉积微相微观裂缝面密度分布"

图8

不同颗粒接触关系的微观裂缝分布频率"

图9

Q1井区微尺度裂缝发育程度分布特征"

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