天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 1569–1578.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.08.002

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩分布

闫磊1(),朱光有1,陈永权2,韩长伟3,杨敏1,杜德道1,朱文平2   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2. 中国石油塔里木油田分公司, 新疆 库尔勒 841000
    3. 中国石油东方地球物理公司研究院库尔勒分院,新疆 库尔勒;841001
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-19 修回日期:2019-08-05 出版日期:2019-11-10 发布日期:2019-12-03
  • 作者简介:闫磊(1985-),男, 山西定襄人, 高级工程师,博士,主要从事石油天然气地质综合研究.E-mail:yanlei2011@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05004-004);中国石油天然气股份有限公司“十三五”专项“古老碳酸盐岩油气成藏分布规律与关键技术”基金项目:(2019-04B2)

Distribution of Lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin

Lei Yan1(),Guang-you Zhu1,Yong-quan Chen2,Chang-wei Han3,Min Yang1,De-dao Du1,Wen-ping Zhu2   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla 841000,China
    3. Korla Branch Company, Oriental Geophysical Company Research Institute, PetroChina, Korla 841001, China
  • Received:2019-03-19 Revised:2019-08-05 Online:2019-11-10 Published:2019-12-03

摘要:

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩是近年来诸多学者研究的热点,对于其分布的认识还存在一定的分歧,并成为制约寒武系勘探及区带优选的重要因素。基于野外露头及盆地内钻井资料的认识,分析下寒武统烃源岩的沉积环境;通过正演模拟下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩的地震反射特征,结合模拟结果,刻画下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩沉积边界;基于震旦系与寒武系地震解释与成图研究,分析寒武系沉积前古地貌特征及寒武系的沉积环境,探讨下寒武统烃源岩的主要控制因素,旨在解决下寒武统生烃源岩的生烃中心,指导寒武系有利勘探区带的优选。研究认为,玉尔吐斯组为寒武纪早期持续海侵背景下、分布稳定的烃源岩;正演模拟结果及地震资料表明,玉尔吐斯组表现为寒武系底部强波峰—强波谷的地震反射特征,在盆地内可追踪对比;根据塔里木盆地震旦纪与早寒武世古地理格局认识,认为寒武系台缘斜坡—盆地一带为下寒武统烃源岩厚度加厚区,是台盆区烃源岩最富集的地区。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 下寒武统, 烃源岩, 模型正演, 玉尔吐斯组

Abstract:

Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tarim Basin have been the focus of many scholars′ research in recent years. There are still some divergences on their distribution, which become an important factor restricting Cambrian exploration and zoning optimization. Based on the knowledge of outcrop and drilling data in the basin, the sedimentary environment of Lower Cambrian source rocks is analyzed in this paper. Through the forward modeling of the seismic reflection characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation source rocks, and combined with the simulation results, the sedimentary boundary of the source rocks of the Cambrian Yuertus Formation is described. Based on the seismic interpretation and mapping studies of the Sinian and Cambrian, the paleo-geomorphic features of the Cambrian and the Cambrian sedimentary environment were analyzed, and the main controlling factors of the Lower Cambrian source rocks were discussed to solve the Lower Cambrian. The hydrocarbon generation center of the source rock and guide the optimization of the favorable exploration zone of the Cambrian. The results show that Yuertus Formation is a stable source rock under the background of continuous transgression in the early Cambrian. The forward modeling results and seismic data show that Yuertus Formation is characterized by strong peak-valley seismic reflection in the bottom of Cambrian, and it can be traced and correlated in the basin. According to the palaeogeographic pattern, it is considered that the Cambrian platform margin slope-basin area is the thicker area of the Lower Cambrian source rocks and it is the most abundant area in the basin. High quality dolomite reservoirs are developed in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Lower Cambrian, Source rock, Model forward modeling, Yuertus Formation

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

研究区勘探概况"

表1

塔里木盆地寒武系地层划分对比"

塔西台地区塔东地区
奥陶系下统蓬莱坝组突尔沙克塔格组突尔沙克塔格组

上统丘里塔格组
中统阿瓦塔格组莫合尔山组莫合尔山组
沙依里克组
下统吾松格尔组西大山组雅尔当山组
肖尔布拉克组
西山布拉克组
玉尔吐斯组

图2

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩野外露头分布及沉积模式"

图3

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩发育钻井资料"

图4

塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组正演模型"

图5

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩地震反射特征及剖面(测线位置见图1)"

图6

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩分布预测"

1 ZhangShuichang, ZhangBaomin,WangFeiyu,et al.Two sets of marine effective hydrocarbon source beds in Tarim Basin-I.Organic matter properties, developmental environment and controlling factors[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2001,11(3):261-268.
张水昌,张保民,王飞宇,等,塔里木盆地两套海相有效烃源层—I.有机质性质、发育环境及控制因素[J].自然科学进展,2001,11(3):261-268.
2 WangFeiyu,LiuChangwei,ZhuLei, et al.Study on organic maturity of Cambrian source rocks in Tarim platform area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(5):372-376.
王飞宇,刘长伟,朱雷,等.塔里木盆地台盆区寒武系烃源岩有机成熟度[J] .新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):372-376.
3 WangZhaoming, XieHuiwen, ChenYongquan, et al. Discovery and exploration of Cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Well Zhongshen-1 in Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014, 19(2): 1-13.
王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等. 塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014, 19(2): 1-13.
4 ZhuChuanling,YanHua,YunLu,et al.Characteristics of Cambrian source rocks in Well XH1,Shaya Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(5):626-632.
朱传玲, 闫华, 云露, 等. 塔里木盆地沙雅隆起星火1井寒武系烃源岩特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2014, 36(5): 626-632.
5 YangZongyu,LuoPing,LiuBo,et al. The difference and sedimentation of two black rock series from Yurtus Formation during the earliest Cambrian in the Aksu area of Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(6) : 1893-1918.
杨宗玉, 罗平,刘波,等.塔里木盆地阿克苏地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组两套黑色岩系的差异及成因[J].岩石学报,2017,33(6):1893-1918.
6 YangChengyu,LiMeijun,NiZhiyong,et al.Siliceous rock origin and significance in the Uyirtus Formation northwestern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(4):653-661.
杨程宇,李美俊,倪智勇,等. 塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组硅质岩成因及石油地质意义[J]沉积学报, 2016,34(4):653-661.
7 HuGuang,LiuWenhui,Tenger,et al. Tectonic-sedimentary constrains for hydrocarbon generating organism assemblage in the Lower Cambrian argillaceous source rocks,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(5):685-696.
胡广,刘文汇,腾格尔.塔里木盆地下寒武统泥质烃源岩成烃生物组合的构造—沉积环境控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):685-696.
8 ZhuGuangyou,CaoYinghui,YanLei,et al.Petroleum exploration potential and favorable areas of ultra-deep marine strata deeper than 8 000 meters in Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018,29(6):755-772.
朱光有,曹颖辉,闫磊,等.塔里木盆地8000m以深超深层 海相油气勘探潜力与方向[J].天然气地球科学.2018,29(6):755-772.
9 DuJinhu,PanWenqing. Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambrian subsalt dolomite, Tarim Basin, NW China [J] . Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):327-339.
杜金虎,潘文庆. 塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2016, 43(3): 327-339.
10 Guangyou Zhu, Feiran Chen,MengWang, et al.Discovery of the Lower Cambrian high-quality source rocks and deep oil and gas exploration potential in the Tarim Basin, China[J].AAPG Bulletin, 2018, 102(10):1-29.
11 RenRong, GuanShuwei, WuLin, et al. The north-south differentiation characteristic and its enlightenment on oil-gas exploration of the Neoproterozoic rift basin, Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(3): 255-266.
任荣,管树威,吴林,等. 塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地南北分异及油气勘探启示[J]. 石油学报,2017,38(3): 255-266.
12 WuLin, GuanShuwei, RenRong, et al. The characteristics of Precambrian sedimentary basin and the distribution of deep source rock: A case study of Tarim Basin in Neoproterozoic and source rocks in Early Cambrian, western China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(6):905-915.
吴林,管树威,任荣,等.前寒武纪沉积盆地发育特征与深层烃源岩分布——以塔里木新元古代盆地与下寒武统烃源岩为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):905-915.
13 ChenQianglu,ChuChenglin,YangXin,et al.Sedimentary model and development of the Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2015,37(6):689-695.
陈强路,储呈林,杨鑫,等.塔里木盆地寒武系沉积模式与烃源岩发育[J].石油实验地质,2015, 37(6):689-695.
14 YangXin, XuXuhui, ChenQianglu, et al. Paleotectonics pattern in Precambrian and its control on the deposition of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tarim Basin, NW China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(8): 1164-1171.
杨鑫,徐旭辉,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地前寒武纪古构造格局及其对下寒武统烃源岩发育的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014, 25(8):1164-1171.
15 YangXin, LiHuili, YueYong, et al. The strata and palaeo-geomorphology framework at the end of Neoproterozoic and development of source rocks at the beginning of Cambrian[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(2):189-198.
杨鑫,李慧莉,岳勇,等.塔里木盆地震旦纪末地层—地貌格架与寒武纪初期烃源岩发育模式[J]. 天然气地球科学,2017, 28(2):189-198.
16 CuiHaifeng, TianLei, ZhangNianchun, et al. Nanhua-Sinian rift distribution and its relationship with the development of Lower Cambrian source rocks in the southwest depression of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(4): 430-438.
崔海峰,田雷,张年春,等. 塔西南坳陷南华纪-震旦纪裂谷分布及其与下寒武统烃源岩的关系[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(4): 430-438.
17 XiongRan, ZhouJingao, NiXinfeng,et al. Distribution prediction of Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks and its significance to oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(10):49-56.
熊冉, 周进高,倪新锋,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩分布预测及油气勘探的意义[J].天然气工业,2015, 35(10):49-56
18 HeJinyou, WuGuanghui, XuBei, et al. Characteristics and petroleum exploration significance of unconformity between Sinian and Cambrian in Tarim Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2010,45(3): 698-706.
何金有, 邬光辉, 徐备, 等. 塔里木盆地震旦系—寒武系不整合面特征及油气勘探意义[J]. 地质科学, 2010, 45(3): 698-706.
19 PanWenqing, ChenYongquan, XiongYixue, et al. Sedimentary facies research and implications to advantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian source rocks,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015,26(7):1224-1232.
潘文庆,陈永权,熊益学,等. 塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探指导意义[J]. 天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1224-1232.
20 WidessM.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophysics, 1973, 38:1176-1180.
21 ChungH M, Law ton DonC.Amplitude responses of thin beds:Sinusoidal approximation versus ricker approximation[J]. Geophysics, 1995, 60:223-230.
22 SunLuping,ZhengXiaodong, ShouHao,et al.The studies on relationship between thin layer seismic peak frequency and its thickness[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(2):254-259.
孙鲁平, 郑晓东, 首皓,等.薄层地震峰值频率与厚度关系研究[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2010, 45(2):254-259.
23 ZhuGuangyou, ChenFeiran, ChenZhiyong, et al. Discovery and basic characteristics of the high-quality source rocks of the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(1): 8-21.
朱光有, 陈斐然, 陈志勇, 等. 塔里木盆地寒武系玉尔吐斯组优质烃源岩的发现及其基本特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(1): 8-21.
24 WuGuanghui, LiHaowu, XuYanlong, et al. The tectonothermal events,architecture and evolution of Tarim craton basement palaeo-uplifts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(8):2435-2452.
邬光辉,李浩武,徐彦龙,等.塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造—热事件及其结构与演化[J].岩石学报,2012, 28(8):2435-2452.
25 XieXiao′an, LuHuafu, WuQizhi, et al. Infra structure and Sinican rift of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing University, 1996, 32(4): 722-727.
谢晓安,卢华复,吴奇之,等. 塔里木盆地深部构造与震旦纪裂谷[J].南京大学学报, 1996, 32(4): 722-727.
26 NiXinfeng,ShenAnjiang,ChenYongquan, et al. Cambrian carbonate platform types, platform margin segmentation characteristics and exploration enlightenment in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015,26(7):1245-1255.
倪新锋,沈安江,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩台地类型、台缘分段特征及勘探启示[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1245-1255.
[1] 王森, 张明震, 李爱静, 张静, 杜圳, 杜宝霞, 吉利民, 张献文. 潮水盆地和民和盆地中侏罗统青土井组煤系烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(2): 282-294.
[2] 张荣虎, 杨海军, 魏红兴, 余朝丰, 杨钊, 伍劲. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带中东段中下侏罗统砂体特征及油气勘探意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1243-1252.
[3] 刘金华, 郭瑞, 马洪涛, 夏步余, 先伟, 蒋阿明, 葛政俊. 塔里木盆地塔河地区东部阿克库勒组阿四段条带状砂体成因再认识[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1253-1262.
[4] 熊亮. 四川盆地及周缘下寒武统富有机质页岩孔隙发育特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1319-1331.
[5] 崔景伟, 朱如凯, 李森, 齐亚林, 时晓章, 毛治国, . 坳陷湖盆烃源岩发育样式及其对石油聚集的控制——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 982-996.
[6] 杨帆, 宋永, 陈洪, 龚德瑜, 卞保力, 刘海磊. 准噶尔盆地阜东地区石炭系松喀尔苏组烃源岩评价及气源对比[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 1018-1026.
[7] 吴海, 严少怀, 赵孟军, 卓勤功, 王龙, 白东来, 张月, 沙威. 库车前陆盆地东西部油气成藏过程差异性分析——以吐北1和迪那2构造为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 1027-1036.
[8] 戴金星, 洪峰, 倪云燕, 廖凤蓉. 塔里木盆地英吉苏凹陷煤成气前景良好[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 771-782.
[9] 吴小奇, 倪春华, 陈迎宾, 朱建辉, 李贶, 曾华盛. 鄂尔多斯盆地定北地区上古生界天然气来源[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 819-827.
[10] 贾爱林, 唐海发, 韩永新, 吕志凯, 刘群明, 张永忠, 孙贺东, 黄伟岗, 王泽龙. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层大气田气水分布与开发对策[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 908-918.
[11] 唐友军, 杨易卓, 孟宪新, 王霆, 何大祥, 李梦茹, 季长军, 孙鹏, 蔡意兰. 火山活动对南羌塘盆地曲色组烃源岩地球化学特征影响探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(5): 721-728.
[12] 王伟锋, 张仲达. 准噶尔盆地五彩湾地区石炭系烃源岩演化及油气成藏过程[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(4): 447-455.
[13] 唐友军, 郑磊, 李永飞, 郜晓勇, 宗文明, 孙求实, 何大祥. 凌源—宁城盆地牛营子坳陷侏罗系海房沟组烃源岩芳烃地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 433-446.
[14] 刘树根, 孙玮, 宋金民, 雍自权, 王浩, 赵聪. 四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探的关键地质问题[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(2): 151-167.
[15] 夏辉, 林畅松, 刘永福, 李浩, 孙琦, 赵海涛, 苏洲. 塔里木盆地英买力地区白垩系舒善河组相对湖平面变化[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(11): 1579-1589.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 赵应成,周晓峰,王崇孝,王满福,郭娟娟 . 酒西盆地青西油田白垩系泥云岩裂缝油藏特征和裂缝形成的控制因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(1): 12 -15 .
[2] 任以发. 微量烃分析在井中化探录井中的应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(1): 88 -92 .
[3] 郑建京;吉利明;孟仟祥;. 准噶尔盆地天然气地球化学特征及聚气条件的讨论[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(4-5): 17 -21 .
[4] Seewald J S;Benitez-Netson B C;Whelan J K(美国);刘全有(译). 天然气形成与组成的实验和理论因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(4-5): 30 -44 .
[5] 付广;杨勉;. 盖层发育特征及对油气成藏的作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(3): 18 -24 .
[6] 张延敏, . 1996~1999年世界天然气产量[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(3): 44 -45 .
[7] 付广;王剑秦. 地壳抬升对油气藏保存条件的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(2): 18 -23 .
[8] 陈建阳,张志杰,于兴河 . AVO技术在水合物研究中的应用及应注意的问题[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(1): 123 -126 .
[9] . 西部天然气资源全面大开发在即[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(1): 27 .
[10] 王先彬;妥进才;周世新;李振西;张铭杰;闫宏;. 论天然气形成机制与相关地球科学问题[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(1): 7 -13 .