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天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1519–1530.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.03.017

• 天然气开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

致密砂岩气藏产水机理及其对渗流能力的影响

张杰1,2(),李熙喆3(),高树生2,3,叶礼友2,3,刘华勋2,3,朱文卿2,3,方飞飞1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100190
    2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院渗流流体力学研究所, 河北 廊坊 065007
    3. 中国石油集团科学技术研究院, 北京 100083
    4. 重庆科技学院石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-18 修回日期:2019-03-29 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 李熙喆 E-mail:zhangjie161@mails.ucas.ac.cn.;lxz69@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 作者简介:张杰（1995-），男，安徽宿州人，博士在读，主要从事致密气藏开发及渗流机理研究. E?mail：zhangjie161@mails.ucas.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学联合基金项目“超深层天然气藏开发基础理论研究”(U1762216)

Water production mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoir and its influence on percolation capacity

Jie Zhang1,2(),Xi-zhe Li3(),Shu-sheng Gao2,3,Li-you Ye2,3,Hua-xun Liu2,3,Wen-qing Zhu2,3,Fei-fei Fang1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. Department of Porous Flow & Fluid Mechanics, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Langfang 065007, China
    3. CNPC Research Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
    4. School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Received:2018-12-18 Revised:2019-03-29 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-11-06
  • Contact: Xi-zhe Li E-mail:zhangjie161@mails.ucas.ac.cn.;lxz69@petrochina.com.cn.

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摘要：

致密砂岩气藏具有低孔、低渗，储层物性差，非均质性强等地质特征，在岩性构造背景下，气水关系复杂，地层中气水赋存状态多样。烃类充注成藏时，很难将地层中的水完全驱替出来，会有部分滞留水残存在地层中。对于不存在边底水、层间水等自由水的致密砂岩气藏，储层中的可动水是气井产水的主要来源。气井见水将严重影响气井的产能和泄流半径，导致井底压力和产量迅速下降，生产压差和废弃压力显著增加，缩短了气井生产周期。为此，调研了国内外学者对致密砂岩储层可动水赋存状态和产出机理、可动水产出规律及控制因素、可动水对储层渗流能力影响等多方面的研究方法及成果，在分析和总结目前研究成果的基础上，针对致密砂岩气藏开发过程中的产水问题及其对开发的影响，提出了下一步的研究方向及改进建议，以期改善致密砂岩气藏的开发效果，提高最终采出程度。

关键词: 致密砂岩气藏, 可动水, 渗流能力, 赋存状态, 产水机理

Abstract:

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have low-porosity, low-permeability, poor reservoir properties and strong heterogeneity. Under the gentle structure background, the gas-water relationship is complex, and the occurrence of water in the stratum is diverse. When hydrocarbons fill into stratum, it’s difficult to displace the water completely, some of the water remained. For some tight sandstone gas reservoirs where there is no free water, the movable water in the formation is the main source of water production. Water appears in the gas well will seriously affect the productivity and discharge radius of gas wells, leading to a rapid decline in bottom hole pressure and production, increasing production pressure difference and waste pressure significantly, shortening the life cycle about gas well and reducing the final recovery of gas reservoirs. This paper investigates the research of scholars at domestic and foreign, including occurrence and outputs mechanism of movable water, production rules and controlling factors of movable water, influence of movable water on reservoir percolation capacity. According to the understanding of the current research results, the next research direction and suggestions for improvement of production measures are proposed to improve the development effect of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and the final recovery.

Key words: Tight sandstone gas reservoirs, Movable water, Occurrence state, Percolation capacity, Mechanism of water production

中图分类号: 

  • TE32+1

图1

微观可视化物理模拟实验装置及流程[16] "

图2

致密砂岩岩心不同压差气驱后的T 2谱曲线[17] "

表1

可动水赋存状态主要研究学者及方法"

实验方法 研究学者 实验模型 优点 缺点
可视化物理模拟技术 王璐等[16]、朱华银等[20]、司马立强等[21]、嫣友军等[22]、Montemagno等[23]、Dong等[24]、L?voll等[25]、Catalan等[26]、Yan等[27]、 微观可视化玻璃刻蚀模型 可视化能力强 真实性差、耐高温高压性差
曲志浩等[28]、孔令荣等[29]、唐玄等[30]、胡勇等[31] 真实岩心模型 真实性较强、可重复使用、可视化程度一般 耐高温高压性差
可动流体核磁共振测试技术 孟德伟等[12]、朱华银等[16,32]、王瑞飞等[33] 真实岩心 真实性强、可重复使用 不可直接观察

图3

孔隙内气水互封状态（a）及气体膨胀驱替水相流动过程（b）[46] "

图4

束缚水转化为可动水过程示意[49] "

图5

束缚水水膜膨胀形成水柱堵塞喉道示意[49] "

图6

发生水锁时的储层截面[48] "

图7

致密砂岩岩心气水两相渗流曲线"

图8

不同压力梯度下的气水两相渗流曲线"

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