曾凡辉1,唐波涛1,王涛2,郭建春1,肖勇军3,张守仁4
Zeng Fan-hui1,Tang Bo-tao1,Wang Tao2,Guo Jian-chun1,Xiao Yong-jun3,Zhang Shou-ren4
摘要: 准确预测破裂压力是压裂酸化顺利实施的关键,渗滤效应是影响破裂压力的重要因素,但目前压裂井的破裂压力预测模型很少考虑渗滤、注入排量以及液体黏度等影响因素。岩石作为一种渗透性的多孔介质,压裂液在注液过程中会向井筒周围岩石渗滤,产生附加应力导致井筒周围应力发生改变从而对破裂压力产生影响。基于岩石力学、弹性力学、渗流力学理论,应用最大拉应力准则,建立了考虑渗滤效应的破裂压力预测模型;并采用连续增量迭代法计算了这一动边界数学问题。通过与破裂压力实验以及经典的Hubbert等模型对比,验证了该模型的可靠性与合理性。应用该模型分析了渗滤效应对裸眼井破裂压力的影响规律。计算结果表明:随着岩石渗透率、注入排量和井眼尺寸增加,压裂液更容易向地层岩石渗滤,导致孔隙流体压力增加,破裂压力明显减小;而随着压裂液黏度和压裂液压缩性增加,压裂液不容易向岩石渗滤,此时压裂液的渗滤对破裂压力的影响不大。笔者建立的模型克服了Hubbert等模型不能考虑渗滤效应对储层破裂压力影响的缺陷,有效解释了渗滤效应降低储层破裂压力的机理。
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