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考虑渗滤效应的压裂裸眼井破裂压力预测模型

曾凡辉1，唐波涛1，王涛2，郭建春1，肖勇军3，张守仁4   

  1. 1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610500；
    2.长庆油田分公司第十二采油厂，陕西 西安 710200；
    3.四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司，四川 成都 610056；
    4.中联煤层气有限责任公司，北京 100015
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-19 修回日期:2019-01-22 出版日期:2019-04-10
  • 作者简介:曾凡辉(1980-)，男，四川达州人，副教授，博士，主要从事油气藏开采理论研究和现场应用工作.E-mail：zengfanhui023024@126.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大研发计划“有效CO2驱煤层气压—注—采关键技术研究及地面泵注系统设备研制”项目(编号:2018YFB0605602)；国家自然科学基金“深层页岩气压裂多裂缝的竞争起裂及扩展”(编号：51874250)；国家自然科学基金“致密气藏斜井压裂三维非平面不规则多裂缝非线性不稳定渗流理论研究”(编号：51504203)；国家科技重大专项“页岩气井体积压裂后返排制度研究”(编号：2017ZX05037-004)联合资助.

Prediction model of fracture initiation pressure of open hole well considering penetration effect

Zeng Fan-hui1，Tang Bo-tao1，Wang Tao2，Guo Jian-chun1，Xiao Yong-jun3，Zhang Shou-ren4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Development Engineering of Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；2.PetroChina Changqing Oil Field Branch Twelfth Oil Production Plant，Xi’an 710200，China；3.Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co.Ltd.，Chengdu 610056，China；4.Zhonglian Coalbed Methane Co.Ltd.，Beijing 100015，China
  • Received:2018-07-19 Revised:2019-01-22 Online:2019-04-10

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摘要： 准确预测破裂压力是压裂酸化顺利实施的关键，渗滤效应是影响破裂压力的重要因素，但目前压裂井的破裂压力预测模型很少考虑渗滤、注入排量以及液体黏度等影响因素。岩石作为一种渗透性的多孔介质，压裂液在注液过程中会向井筒周围岩石渗滤，产生附加应力导致井筒周围应力发生改变从而对破裂压力产生影响。基于岩石力学、弹性力学、渗流力学理论，应用最大拉应力准则，建立了考虑渗滤效应的破裂压力预测模型；并采用连续增量迭代法计算了这一动边界数学问题。通过与破裂压力实验以及经典的Hubbert等模型对比，验证了该模型的可靠性与合理性。应用该模型分析了渗滤效应对裸眼井破裂压力的影响规律。计算结果表明：随着岩石渗透率、注入排量和井眼尺寸增加，压裂液更容易向地层岩石渗滤，导致孔隙流体压力增加，破裂压力明显减小；而随着压裂液黏度和压裂液压缩性增加，压裂液不容易向岩石渗滤，此时压裂液的渗滤对破裂压力的影响不大。笔者建立的模型克服了Hubbert等模型不能考虑渗滤效应对储层破裂压力影响的缺陷，有效解释了渗滤效应降低储层破裂压力的机理。

关键词: 裸眼井, 渗滤效应, 破裂压力, 水力压裂

Abstract: Accurate prediction of fracture initiation pressure is the key process in hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing.Penetration effect plays an important role in calculating fracture initiation pressures.But at present，percolation，injection rate and liquid viscosity are seldom considered to the prediction models of initiation pressure in fractured wells.Rock is a porous medium，the fracturing fluid will infiltrate into the zone around the wellbore in fracturing，which can make the pressure distribution around the wellbore change and create additional stress interference on fracture initiation pressures in hydraulic fracturing.A prediction model for fracture initiation pressure of open-hole wellbore is established with taking penetration effect into account and combining the theory of rock mechanics，elasticity and seepage mechanics in this context.The incremental boundary iterative method is used to solve the moving boundary problem.The reliability and rationality of the model are verified by comparing with the fracture initiation pressure test and the classical Hubbert model.The influence of penetration effect on the fracture initiation pressure of an open-hole wellbore is analyzed by using the model and the calculation results show that with the increase of rock permeability，injection rate and borehole size，the fracturing fluid is easier to flow into the formation rock，resulting in the increase of pore fluid pressure and the decrease of fracture pressure obviously；with the compressibility of fracturing fluid and fracturing fluid viscosity increases，the fracturing fluid is not easy to infiltrate，and thus infiltration of fracturing fluid has little effect on the fracture initiation pressure.The model established in this paper overcomes the disadvantages that Hubbert model cannot take the effect of penetration on reservoir fracture pressure into account，and explains the mechanism of penetration effect on reducing reservoir fracture initiation pressure effectively.

Key words: Open-hole wellbore, Penetration effect, Initiation pressure, Hydraulic fracturing

中图分类号: 

  • TE32+2
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