克拉通盆地致密气成藏地质特征与勘探目标优选——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2018.12.015

天然气地球科学

克拉通盆地致密气成藏地质特征与勘探目标优选——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例

刘晓鹏^1,2，赵会涛^1,2，闫小雄^1,2，贾亚妮^1,2

1.中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院，陕西西安 710018； 2.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，陕西西安 710018

收稿日期:2018-05-08 修回日期:2018-12-21 出版日期:2019-03-10
作者简介:刘晓鹏（1978-），男，陕西周至人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事天然气地质勘探研究.E-mail：liuxiaop1_cq@petrochina.com.cn.
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项（编号：2016ZX05047-001；2016ZX05050）联合资助.

The geological characteristics of tight sandstone gas and exploration target evaluation in the craton basin:Case study of the Upper Palaeozoic of Ordos Basin

Liu Xiao-peng^1,2,Zhao Hui-tao^1,2,Yan Xiao-xiong^1,2,Jia Ya-ni^1,2

1.Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China; 2.National Engineering Laboratory for Low Permeability Petroleum Exploration and Development,Xi’an 710018,China

Received:2018-05-08 Revised:2018-12-21 Online:2019-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩气为我国目前储量规模最大、产量最高的致密砂岩气藏。气藏大面积、低丰度分布，有利勘探优选困难。通过构造、沉积、地温场等盆地特征和致密气成藏主控因素分析，阐明了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏地质特征和成藏模式，优选了有利勘探目标。研究认为：克拉通盆地沉积基底平缓、构造稳定、地温梯度较低等盆地属性是决定鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩气生、储、盖大面积叠合，储层先致密后成藏、天然气近距离运聚、大面积低丰度分布的根本原因；致密砂岩天然气差异充注，相对优质储层含气饱和度高。粗粒高石英含量砂岩储层粒度粗、刚性碎屑含量高，压实作用相对稍弱、溶蚀作用相对较强，喉道整体较粗、孔喉连通性好，应力敏感性和水锁伤害相对较弱，储层改造效果好，既是储集物性“甜点”也是储层改造的工程“甜点”。当前储层改造技术水平下相对优质储层分布区的预测是研究区致密气有利勘探开发目标评价的工作核心；由富石英物源控制的石英砂岩区、同物源背景下的强水动力沉积微相区、河道长期稳定发育箱形砂体结构的主河道区等是不同层次的有利勘探目标。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 上古生界致密气, 克拉通盆地, 成藏模式, 成藏地质特征, 勘探目标优选

Abstract: The tight sandstone gas of the Upper Palaeozoic in Ordos Basin is the largest,successfully developed,with highest annual output gas reservoir in China.The gas reservoirs are distributed in a large area with low abundance.It is difficult to optimize exploration targets.A detailed study about the characteristic analysis of basin tectonic,sedimentary,geothermal field and the main controlling factors of tight sandstone gas formation in the Ordos Basin.The dominant factors and characteristics of craton basin tight sandstone gas reservoir are clarified and the favorable exploration targets are selected.The conclusion is that,cratonic basin with stable structure,flat sedimentary basement,integral lifting,weak magmatic activities and faults,low geothermal gradient,determined the large area superimposed distribution of Carboniferous-Permian source rocks,sandstone reservoir,mudstone cap rock,the order-injection after densification,gas migration and accumulation at short range,larger-area and low abundance.Tight reservoirs with different permeability have differential gas saturation when gas is injected,and relatively good reservoir has high gas saturation.The reservoirs with relatively high quality having good throat diameter,hunk pore throat connectivity.Compaction is relatively weak and dissolution is relatively strong.Less stress sensitivity and water lock damage,good reservoir reconstruction effects,high quality reservoir is not only a “storage physical properties dessert” but also a “dessert” for reservoir modification.Therefore,craton basin predicting the distribution of relatively high quality reservoirs is the key to select exploration and development target of tight gas at current technical level of reservoir reconstruction.The composition of source clastic and hydrodynamic strength mainly controlled grain size and quartz content of the reservoir.Quartz sandstone area controlled by rich quartz source,strong hydrodynamic force microfacies area under the same source background,main channel area of box shaped natural gamma logging curve are favorable exploration target at different levels.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Tight gas reservoir of Upper Palaeozoic, Craton Basin, Geological features of tight gas pool formation, Characteristic of gas reservoirs, Evaluation of exploration targets

中图分类号:

TE122

刘晓鹏, 赵会涛, 闫小雄, 贾亚妮, . 克拉通盆地致密气成藏地质特征与勘探目标优选——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 331–343.

Liu Xiao-peng, Zhao Hui-tao, Yan Xiao-xiong, Jia Ya-ni, . The geological characteristics of tight sandstone gas and exploration target evaluation in the craton basin:Case study of the Upper Palaeozoic of Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30(3): 331–343.

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