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天然气地球科学

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碎屑岩储层低渗成因及优质储层发育机理——以歧口凹陷歧北斜坡沙二段储层为例

刘金库，孙永亮，焦旭，张泽   

  1. 中国石油渤海钻探工程公司工程技术研究院，天津 300345
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-21 修回日期:2015-12-19 出版日期:2016-05-10 发布日期:2016-05-10
  • 作者简介:刘金库(1978-)，男，吉林通化人，高级工程师，博士，从事沉积储层、开发地质研究. E-mail:565816635@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油科技创新基金项目(编号：2010D-5006-0103)资助.

The genesis of low permeability of high-quality reservoirs in deep-buried clastic rock reservoirs and its development mechanism: A case study of Es2 Formation in the slope area of Qikou Sag

Liu Jin-ku，Sun Yong-liang，Jiao Xu，Zhang Ze   

  1. Engineering Technology Research Institute,PetroChina Bohai Drilling Engineering Company,Tianjin 300345,China
  • Received:2015-08-21 Revised:2015-12-19 Online:2016-05-10 Published:2016-05-10

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摘要： 通过分析岩石(铸体)薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、常规压汞、恒速压汞、测井及生产动态等资料，对歧北斜坡沙河街组二段储层特征、储层低渗成因及优质储层发育机理进行了详细研究。结果表明：储层岩石成分成熟度和结构成熟度较低，孔隙结构及孔渗性能较差；由于储层中塑性岩屑含量较高，抗压实能力弱，在成岩过程中又经历了强烈的压实作用和多期胶结作用，大量孔隙被压实或充填，导致储层物性变差，形成低孔低渗储层。优质储层的发育受多种因素控制，有利沉积微相控制储层的岩石类型和岩石结构，是优质储层形成的物质基础；多期多矿物叠加溶蚀形成大量次生孔隙，是优质储层发育的直接原因；早期油气充注有利于孔隙保存和发育；异常高压是深层孔隙保存的关键。优质储层在整个成岩演化过程中，经历了碱性—酸性—碱性的多重成岩环境；早成岩A期以碱性成岩环境为主，主要发育石英溶蚀型孔隙，早成岩B期—中成岩A1期以酸性环境为主，发育长石、岩屑等溶蚀型孔隙，中成岩A2期，成岩环境重新恢复为碱性，发育第二期石英溶蚀孔隙。储层现今孔隙为多期叠加溶蚀的综合结果。

关键词: 深层碎屑岩, 低渗成因, 优质储层, 叠加溶蚀, 孔隙演化, 成因机制

Abstract: By means of rock (casting)thin-section,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,normal mercury injection,constant speed mercury injection,well logging and well production,a detailed study was carried out on the characteristics of reservoir,the genesis of low permeability and development mechanism of high-quality reservoirs of Es2 Formation in Qibei Slope of Qikou Sag.Research results have indicated that the component maturity and structure maturity of reservoir rocks are relatively low.Pore structure and reservoir properties are poor.The ability to resist compaction of the reservoirs is poor because of the high contents of rock fragments in the reservoirs.Massive reservoir pores were lost due to strong compaction and cementation in the process of the diagenetic evolution,which resulted in the formation of reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability.The development of high-quality reservoirs was controlled by multiple factors.Firstly,the favorable sedimentary microfacies are the material basis of the formation of high-quality reservoirs by controlling rock type and rock structure.Secondly,superposed dissolutions of multiphase various mineral formed a large number of secondary pores which are the direct cause of the development of high-quality reservoirs.Thirdly,the hydrocarbon inflow in the early stage is in favor of pore preservation and pore development.Lastly,the existence of overpressure is the key to pore preservation in the deep-buried reservoirs.High-quality reservoirs have undergone acidic diagenetic environment and the alkaline diagenetic environment in the whole process of the diagenetic evolution.The diagenetic environment mainly is alkaline environment and the secondary pores were developed by quartz dissolution in A period of early diagenetic stage.The diagenetic environment is mainly acidic environment and the secondary pores were developed by feldspars and rock fragments dissolution from B period of early diagenetic stage to A1 Subage of middle diagenetic stage.The diagenetic environment turned to alkaline diagenetic environment and the secondary pores were developed by the second phase quartz dissolution in A2 Subage of middle diagenetic stage.The present reservoir pores are caused by multiphase superposed dissolutions.

Key words: Deep-buried clastic rock, The genesis of low permeability, High-quality reservoirs, Superposed dissolutions, Pores evolution, Genetic mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

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