天然气地球科学

• 非常规天然气 • 上一篇    

海陆过渡相页岩气形成热模拟实验研究

王宁,李荣西,王香增,张丽霞,赵帮胜,覃小丽,李佳佳,程敬华   

  1. 1.长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054;
    2.陕西延长石油集团研究院,陕西 西安 710075
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-04 修回日期:2015-07-09 出版日期:2016-01-10 发布日期:2016-01-10
  • 作者简介:王宁(1990-),女,河北高碑店人,硕士研究生, 主要从事油气地球化学和非常规油气勘探研究. E-mail:15991982877@163.com.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然基金项目(编号:41173055);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:310827151062)联合资助.

Pyrolytic study on the gas-generating process of transitional shale

Wang Ning,Li Rong-xi,Wang Xiang-zeng,Zhang Li-xia,Zhao Bang-sheng,Qin Xiao-li,Li Jia-jia,Cheng Jing-hua   

  1. 1.School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang’an Univerity,Xi’an 710054,China;
    2.Research Institute,Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group,Xi’an 710075,China
  • Received:2015-05-04 Revised:2015-07-09 Online:2016-01-10 Published:2016-01-10

摘要:

晚古生代海陆过渡相泥页岩在中国南北方广泛分布,页岩气资源潜力巨大。应用生烃热模拟实验,对采集于鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组山2段未成熟海陆过渡相富有机质页岩的页岩气形成过程进行研究。实验结果表明,山2段海陆过渡相页岩在实验最低温度(T=337.2℃,RO=0.74%)时就生成液态烃和气态烃,在385.3℃(RO=1.08%)时液态烃达到生成高峰,此后甲烷(CH4)产率迅速增大,干燥系数开始变大;重烃气(C2-5)达到生成高峰(T=456.2℃,RO=2.09%)时甲烷产率曲线出现拐点;甲烷主要由液态烃裂解形成,部分由重烃气裂解形成;在实验最高温度(T=599.7℃,RO=4.45%)时甲烷产率达956.93mL/gTOC,干燥系数达99.75%,但仍有少量重烃气和液态烃可以继续裂解生成甲烷。山2段页岩气形成具有3个阶段,即337.2℃≤T≤385.3℃(0.74%≤RO≤1.08%)为生油阶段,伴有少量页岩气形成;385.3℃<T≤456.2℃(1.08 %<RO≤2.09%)为油气共生阶段,页岩气以湿气为主; 456.2℃<T≤599.7℃ (2.09%<RO≤4.45%)为生气阶段,页岩气以干气为主。海陆过渡相山2段页岩具有与海相Barnett页岩相似的气态烃形成过程,但是页岩气产率高。研究认为海陆过渡相山2段富有机质页岩具有页岩气勘探所需要的良好物质基础和生烃潜力。

关键词: 页岩气, 生烃热模拟, 海陆过渡相页岩, 山西组山2段, 暗色页岩

Abstract:

Late Paleozoic mudstone and shale deposited in the marine-terrestrial transitional environments are widely developed in southern and northern China,showing great potential of shale gas,In order to study the process of gas generation,pyrolysis experiment was conducted on immature organic-rich shale samples collected from the section 2 of Shanxi Formation (Shan 2)in Ordos Basin,north China,Pyrolysis results indicate that liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon have been generated at the lowest experimental temperature (T=337.2℃,RO=0.74%),The peak of liquid hydrocarbon generation arrived at 385.3℃(RO=1.08%),where methane’s yield accelerates and dry coefficient increases,As the generation of heavy hydrocarbon reaches peak stage (456.2℃, RO=2.09%),inflection point occurs in the methane-yield curve,Methane is mainly generated from thermal pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbon,with part formed from thermal pyrolysis of heavy gaseous hydrocarbon,The yield of methane reaches 956.93mL/gTOC at the highest temperature(T=599.7℃,RO=4.45%)with a dry coefficient of 99.75%,leaving small amount of liquid and heavy gaseous hydrocarbon cracking to methane,The process of gas generation could be divided into three stages:(1)Stage of primary oil production at 337.2-385.3℃(0.74%≤RO≤1.08%)with small amount of shale gas;(2)Stage of oil and gas co-existent with wet gas at 385.3-456.2℃(1.08%≤RO≤2.09%);(3)Stage of dry gas formation at 456.2-599.7℃ (2.09%≤RO≤4.45%),Compared with marine Barnett shale,transitional Shan 2 shale in Ordos Basin has the same process of gas generation but higher gas yield,The results of this study indicate that Shan 2 shale has bright gas generation potential.

Key words: Shale gas, Pyrolysis study, Transitional shale, The section 2 of Shanxi Formation, Black shale

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

[1]Zhang Jinchuan,Jin Zhijun,Yuan Mingsheng.Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):15-18.[张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18.]
[2]Li Yuxi,Qiao Dewu,Jiang Wenli,et al.Gas content of gas-bearing shale and its geological evaluation summary[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2):308-317.[李玉喜,乔德武,姜文利,等.页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述[J].地质通报,2011,30(2):308-317.]
[3]Nie Haikuan,Tang Xuan,Bian Ruikang.Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of South China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):484-490.[聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-490.]
[4]Xiao Xianming,Song Zhiguang,Zhu Yanming,et al.Summary of shale gas research in North American and revelations to shale gas exploration of Lower Paleozoic strata in China south area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):721-727.[肖贤明,宋之光,朱炎铭,等.北美页岩气研究及对我国下古生界页岩气开发的启示[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):721-727.]
[5]Hu Wenrui.Development and utilization of non-conventional natural gas resources in China[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(5):9-16.[胡文瑞.中国非常规天然气资源开发与利用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(5):9-16.]
[6]Hill R J,Zhang Etuan,Katz B J,et al.Modeling of gas generation from the Barnett Shale,Fort Wroth Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):501-521.
[7]Jarvie D M.Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Generation and Storage in the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[R].Texas:Humble Geochemical Services Division,2004.
[8]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventional shale gas system:The Missippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-409.
[9]Dong Dazhong,Cheng Keming,Wang Yuman,et al.Forming conditions and characteristics of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of the Upper Yangtze region,China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(3):288-299.[董大忠,程克明,王玉满,等.中国上扬子区下古生界页岩气形成条件及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):288-299.]
[10]Zhao Wenzhi,Dong Dazhong,Li Jianzhong,et al.The resource potential and future status in natural gas development of shale gas in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(7):46-52.[赵文智,董大忠,李建忠,等.中国页岩气资源潜力及其在天然气未来发展中的地位[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(7):46-52.]
[11]Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.[邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.]
[12]Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.[贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.]
[13]Dong Dazhong,Zou Caineng,Yang Ye,et al.Progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and development in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(supplement1):107-114.[董大忠,邹才能,杨桦,等.中国页岩气勘探开发进展与发展前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):107-114.]
[14]Zhang Jinchuan,Jiang Shengling,Tang Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114.[张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.]
[15]Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Denghua,et al.Global shale gas development revelation and prospect of shale gas in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):69-76.[董大忠,王玉满,李登华,等.全球页岩气发展启示与中国未来发展前景展望[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):69-76.]
[16]Feng Aiguo,Zhang Jianping,Shi Yuanhui,et al.Characteristics of marine shale gas play in Fuling Block in the Middle Yangtze area[J].Special Oil and Gas Reserviors,2013,20(6):15-19.[冯爱国,张建平,石元会,等.中扬子地区涪陵区块海相页岩气层特征[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(6):15-19.]
[17]Xu Shilin,Bao Shujing.Preliminary analysis of shale gas resource potential and favorable areas in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):460-465.[徐士林,包书景.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组页岩气形成条件及有利发育区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):460-465.]
[18]Luo Peng,Ji Liming.Reservoir characteristics and potential evaluation of continental shale gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):1060-1068.[罗鹏,吉利明.陆相页岩气储层特征与潜力评价[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):1060-1068.]
[19]Jiang Chengfu,Wang Xiangzeng,Zhang Lixia,et al.Geological characteristics of shale and exploration potential of continental shale gas in 7th member of Yanchang Formation,southeast Ordos Basin[J].Geology in China,40(6):1880-1888.[姜呈馥,王香增,张丽霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段陆相页岩气地质特征及勘探潜力评价[J].中国地质,40(6):1880-1888.]
[20]Qiu Zhongjian,Zhao Wenzhi,Deng Songtao.Development prospect and strategic significance of tight gas and shale gas in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):4-8.[邱中建,赵文智,邓松涛.我国致密砂岩气和页岩气的发展前景和战略意义[J].中国工程科学2012,14(6):4-8.]
[21]Zhang Lixia,Jiang Chengfu,Guo Chao.Exploration potential of Upper Paleozoic shale gas in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(1):23-34.[张丽霞,姜呈馥,郭超.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界页岩气勘探潜力分析[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(1):23-34.]
[22]Li Yanjun,Liu Huan,Liu Jiaxia,et al.Geological regional selection and an evaluation method of resource potential of shale gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2011,33(2):28-34.[李延钧,刘欢,刘家霞,等.页岩气地质选区及资源潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(2):28-34.]
[23]Ma Suping,Sun Dong,Zhang Xiaobao,et al.The study of hydrocarbon generation kinetics in Lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks,Qingxi Depression,Jiuxi Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(2):219-223.[马素萍,孙东,张晓宝,等.酒西盆地青西凹陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩生烃动力学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(2):219-223.]
[24]Liu Quanyou,Jin Zhijun,Gao Bo,et al.Characterization of gas pyrolysates from different types of Permian source rocks in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(5):700-704.[刘全有,金之钧,高波,等.四川盆地二叠系不同类型烃源岩生烃热模拟实验[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):700-704.]
[25]Yang Junjie.Tectonic Evolution and Oil-gas Reservoirs Distribution of the Ordos Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:1-3.[杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1-3.]
[26]Cao Daiyong,Wang Chongjing,Li Jing,et al.Basic characteristics and accumulation rules of shale gas in coal measures[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2014,42(4):25-30.[曹代勇,王崇敬,李靖,等.煤系页岩气的基本特点与聚集规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(4):25-30.]
[27]Li Zengxue,Wei Jiuchuan,Wang Mingzhen,et al.Sea-level changes in the late Palaeozoic epicontinental basin in northern China[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1996,16(5):2-10.[李增学,魏久传,王明镇,等.华北南部晚古生代陆表海盆地层序地层格架与海平面变化[J].岩相古地理,1996,16(5):2-10.]
[28]Shao Longyi,Dong Daxiao,Li Mingpei,et al.Sequence-paleogeography and coal accumulation of the Carboniferous-Permian in the North China Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1725-1734.[邵龙义,董大啸,李明培,等.华北石炭—二叠纪层序—古地理及聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1725-1734.]
[29]Zhang Hong,He Zonglian,Jin Xianglan,et al.Tectonic Evolution and Coal Accumulation of the Ordos Basin:A Brief Explanation of the Geological Tectonic Map of the Ordos Coal Basin(with scale of 1:500000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005:40.[张泓,何宗莲,晋香兰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与成煤作用——1:500000鄂尔多斯盆地地质构造图简要说明[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:40.]
[30]He Zixin,Yang Hua,Yuan Xiaoqi.Atlas of Geology Profile in Ordos Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:29-32.[何自新,杨华,袁效奇.鄂尔多斯盆地地质剖面图集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:29-32.]
[31]Fu Jinhua,Guo Shaobin,Liu Xinshe,et al.Shale gas accumulation condition and exploration potential of the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2013,43(2):382-389.[付金华,郭少斌,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组页岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(2):382-389.]
[32]Guo Wei,Liu Honglin,Xue Huaqing,et al.Depositional faceis of Permian Shanxi Formation gas shale in the northern Ordos Basin and its impact on shale reservoir[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(5):931-941.[郭伟,刘洪林,薛华庆,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部山西组页岩沉积相及其对页岩储层的控制作用[J].地质学报,2015,89(5):931-941.]
[33]Wang Zhichao,Mi Jingkui,Li Xianqing,et al.Current situation and problems of simulation experiment approach of hydrocarbon generation[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):592-597.[王治朝,米敬奎,李贤庆,等.生烃热模拟实验方法现状与存在问题[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20 (4):592-597.]
[34]Liu Jinzhong,Tang Yongchun.Modeling methane generation in coal by means of kinetics method[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(11):1187-1191.[刘金钟,唐永春.用干酪根生烃动力学方法预测甲烷生成量之一例[J].科学通报,1998,43(11):1187-1191.]
[35]Xing Lantian,Zhang Xiaobao,Zhang Rui,et al.Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation for Jurassic source rocks and application in northern Qaidam Basin:Taking Saishenteng Depression as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(1):161-166.[邢蓝田,张晓宝,张瑞,等.柴北缘侏罗系烃源岩生烃动力学及其应用——以赛什腾凹陷为例[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(1):161-166.]
[36]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[37]Tissot B P,Welte D H.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence[M].2nd edition.Berlin and New York:Springer-Verlag,1984:169-174.
[38]Wang Dongliang,Zhang Ying,Lu Shuangfang,et al.The simulation experiment on gas-generat ing potential of over mature source rocks[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1172-1178.[王东良,张英,卢双舫,等.烃源岩过成熟阶段生气潜力的实验室模拟[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1172-1178.]
[39]Guo Guian,Chen Yicai,Zhang Daisheng,et al.Studying the characteristic of the hydrocarbon generation of dark mud and coals by thermosimulation in Jurassic of Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(4):13-15.[郭贵安,陈义才,张代生,等.吐哈盆地侏罗系热模拟生烃演化特征研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(4):13-15.]
[40]Li Rongxi,Gao Yunwen.Coal Source Rock and Its Oil/Gas Reservoir Formation[M].Xi’an:Shannxi Science Technique Publishing House,2004.[李荣西,高云文.煤系烃源岩与油气成藏[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2004.]
[41]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K,Braum R L.A model of hydrocarbon generation from type Ⅰ Kerogen:Application to Unita Basin,Utah[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71:967-985.
[42]Yi Qin,Song Zhiguang,Liu Jinzhong.Influences of sulfur on composition of oil cracked gas and carbon isotopes[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(6):309-314.[伊琴,宋之光,刘金钟.硫对原油裂解气组成及碳同位素组成的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):309-314.]
[43]Huss E B,Burnham A K.Gas evolution during pyrolysis of various Colorado oil shales[J].Fuel,1982,61(12):1188-1196.
[44]Wang Xiangzeng.Lacustrine Shale Gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014:11-12.[王香增.陆相页岩气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014:11-12.]

[1] 赵文韬,荆铁亚,吴斌,周游,熊鑫. 断裂对页岩气保存条件的影响机制——以渝东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(9): 1333-1344.
[2] 夏鹏,王甘露,曾凡桂,牟雨亮,张昊天,刘杰刚. 黔北地区牛蹄塘组高—过成熟页岩气富氮特征及机理探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(9): 1345-1355.
[3] 康毅力,豆联栋,游利军,陈强,程秋洋. 富有机质页岩增产改造氧化液浸泡离子溶出行为[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(7): 990-996.
[4] 曾凡辉,王小魏,郭建春,郑继刚,李亚州,向建华. 基于连续拟稳定法的页岩气体积压裂水平井产量计算[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(7): 1051-1059.
[5] 朱维耀, 马东旭. 页岩储层有效应力特征及其对产能的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(6): 845-852.
[6] 余川,曾春林,周洵,聂海宽,余忠樯. 大巴山冲断带下寒武统页岩气构造保存单元划分及分区评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(6): 853-865.
[7] 邱 振,邹才能,李熙喆,王红岩,董大忠,卢斌,周尚文,施振生,冯子齐,张梦琪. 论笔石对页岩气源储的贡献——以华南地区五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(5): 606-615.
[8] 汪道兵,葛洪魁,宇波,文东升,周珺,韩东旭,刘露. 页岩弹性模量非均质性对地应力及其损伤的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(5): 632-643.
[9] 龙胜祥,冯动军,李凤霞,杜伟. 四川盆地南部深层海相页岩气勘探开发前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(4): 443-451.
[10] 贺领兄,宋维刚,安生婷,徐永锋,沈娟,路超,王军. 青海东昆仑地区八宝山盆地烃源岩有机地球化学特征与页岩气勘探前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(4): 538-549.
[11] 邢 舟,曹高社,毕景豪,周新桂,张交东. 南华北盆地禹州地区ZK0606钻孔上古生界煤系烃源岩评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(4): 518-528.
[12] 卢文涛,李继庆,郑爱维,梁榜,张谦,杨文新. 涪陵页岩气田定产生产分段压裂水平井井底流压预测方法[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(3): 437-442.
[13] 鲍祥生,谈迎,吴小奇,郑红军. 利用纵横波速度法预测泥页岩脆性矿物指数[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(2): 245-250.
[14] 梁榜,李继庆,郑爱维,卢文涛,张谦. 涪陵页岩气田水平井开发效果评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(2): 289-295.
[15] 王延山, 胡英杰, 黄双泉, 康武江, 陈永成. 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷天然气地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(10): 1422-1432.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 洪峰,姜林,卓勤功,鲁雪松,马行陟,郝加庆. 中国前陆盆地异常高压气藏类型[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(3): 317 -327 .