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天然气地球科学

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层沉积微相古地貌及其对天然气富集的控制

张荣虎，王俊鹏，马玉杰，陈戈，曾庆鲁，周晨光   

  1. 1.中国石油杭州地质研究院，浙江 杭州 310023；
    2.中国石油塔里木油田分公司，新疆 库尔勒 841000；
    3.中国石油东方地球物理公司研究院库尔勒分院，新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-01 修回日期:2014-11-14 出版日期:2015-04-10 发布日期:2015-04-10
  • 作者简介:张荣虎（1976-），男，河南南阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事沉积学、油气储层及成藏研究. E-mail：zrh_hz@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技发展计划项目“中国西部叠合盆地深层油气富集规律与勘探潜力预测”（编号：2011CB201106），中国石油科技重大专项“塔里木油田勘探开发关键技术研究”（编号：2010E-2100）联合资助.

The Sedimentary Microfacies,Palaeogeomorphology and Their Controls on Gas Accumulation of Deep-buried Cretaceous in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China

ZHANG Rong-hu，WANG Jun-peng，MA Yu-jie，CHEN Ge，ZENG Qing-lu，ZHOU Chen-guang   

  1. 1.Hangzhou Institute of Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China;
    2.Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla 841000,China;
    3.Korla Branch Institute of Geophysical Research Institute,PetroChina,Korla 841000,China
  • Received:2014-03-01 Revised:2014-11-14 Online:2015-04-10 Published:2015-04-10

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摘要：

塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系的油气勘探已进入5 000m以下的深层、超深层领域。为明确其沉积微相岩相、古地貌背景与天然气的富集关系，通过露头沉积微相观测及砂体建模、钻井成像测井岩相刻画、逆冲推覆构造原型恢复、沉积单因素叠合分析等综合研究，结果表明：白垩系巴什基奇克组沉积期总体以炎热干旱气候为主，沉积水体呈低—中咸化状态。克拉苏构造带深层区主要受控于卡普沙良河、克拉苏河和库车河3个物源区，大北—博孜地区总体为远源沉积，发育辫状（或扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道粉—细砂岩岩相，砂岩颗粒次圆状、分选好；克深地区相对为近源沉积，发育辫状（或扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道中—细砂岩岩相，砂岩颗粒次棱角状—次圆状、分选中—好。燕山期末，大北—博孜地区处于剥蚀残余古隆起背景，气候干旱少雨，克深地区为剥蚀残余古隆起斜坡背景，气候潮湿多雨。深层区油气富集程度受燕山末期岩相古地理控制明显，古斜坡区中—细砂岩岩相区储层性质好，天然气最富集，古隆起粉—细砂岩岩相区储层性质较好，凝析油及天然气较富集，古隆起粉砂岩岩相区储层性质较差，天然气相对贫集。该认识将会为深层油气勘探开发起到重要参考作用，为深层“万亿立方米”天然气储量的探明奠定理论基础。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 库车坳陷, 深层, 沉积微相, 古地貌, 天然气

Abstract:

The gas and oil exploration in Kuqa Depression has entered the deep-buried and ultra-deep areas below 5 000 meters.In order to define the characteristics of lithofacies and microfacies,the background of paleography and their effect on gas accumulation,this paper represented the systematic research which included microfacies observation and sandstone modeling in the outcrop,the lithofacies interpretation with imaging logging data,the recovery of nappe tectonics and the folding analysis based on the single sedimentary factors.It illustrated that the climate was mainly hot and dry during the sedimentary period of Bashijiqike of deep-buried Cretaceous,and the deposited water was characterized with low to medium salinity|the deep-buried areas were controlled by three provenances including the Kapushaliang River,the Kelasuhe River and the Kuqa River.Accordingly,the Dabei-Bozi area was mainly the proximal deposit,and the silty-fine sandstone with subrounded and well-sorting features developed in the main channel areas of underwater distributary channel which was constructed in the braided (or fan) delta front.The Keshen area was distal deposit relatively,and the medium-fine sandstone with subangularly-subrounded and medium-well sorting features developed in the main channel areas of underwater distributary channel which was constructed in the braided (or fan) delta front.In the end of Yanshanian,the silty-fine sandstone of underwater distributary channel had developed with the background of residual palaeohigh and drought climate in Dabei-Bozi area,and the medium-fine sandstone of underwater distributary channel had developed with the background of residual palaeohigh slopes and humid climate in Keshen area.In addition,the gas accumulation in deep zone was obviously controlled by the lithofacies paleography.The gas in the medium-fine sandstone lithofacies of paleoslope was much richer than that in the silty-fine sandstone lithofacies of the paleohigh,and the silty lithofacies in the paleohigh was relatively poor.It is supposed that the systematic studies would accelerate the oil and gas exploration and development in the deep zones,and provide a guide for 'the trillion cubic prospect of gas reserves in the deep zones.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Kuqa Depression, Deep-buried, Sedimentary microfacies, Paleography, Gas

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

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