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天然气地球科学

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

煤成气研究对中国天然气工业发展的重要意义

戴金星，倪云燕，黄士鹏，廖凤蓉，于聪，龚德瑜，吴伟   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2013-08-07 修回日期:2013-10-18 出版日期:2014-01-10 发布日期:2014-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 戴金星djx@petrochina.com.cn E-mail:djx@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:戴金星（1935-），男，浙江瑞安人，中国科学院院士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事天然气地质学和地球化学研究. E-mail：djx@petrochina.com.cn.

Significant Function of Coal-derived Gas Study for Natural Gas Industry Development in China

DAI Jin-xing,NI Yun-yan,HUANG Shi-peng,LIAO Feng-rong,YU Cong,GONG De-yu,WU Wei   

  1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2013-08-07 Revised:2013-10-18 Online:2014-01-10 Published:2014-01-10

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590

摘要：

自1979年煤成气理论在中国产生以来，研究取得以下4个方面重要进展：①煤系成烃以气为主以油为辅（RO=0.5%~1.5%），中国的煤以腐殖煤为主，其原始物质组分中纤维素和木质素占60%~80%决定了以生气为主的低H/C值（原子）占优势；同时，腐殖型有机物化学结构上以甲基和缩合芳烃为主而利于生气；腐殖煤模拟煤化作用实验以生气为主。②对中国鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地等含煤盆地开展了含气潜力评价，中国西北地区中、下侏罗统盆地群、东南部大陆架上第二盆地带煤成气资源丰富，生气强度大,有利区多，形成大气田条件优等推进了气区的发现。③煤成气成因鉴别取得重大进展，在碳同位素系列、轻烃组分和生物标志化合物3个方面，建立了24类鉴别指标和3个鉴别图版。④开展了大气田形成的定量和半定量主控因素（如生气强度、晚期成藏和低气势）研究，加速了大气田的发现。煤成气研究推动了中国天然气工业的迅速发展：①中国从贫气国走向天然气大国，1978年中国天然气总地质储量和年产量分别为2 264×108m3和137.3×108m，至2011年分别提高至1978年的36倍和7.5倍，成为世界第6产气大国。②煤成气是中国天然气储量和产量的主体，1978年煤成气总储量和年产量仅分别占全国总储量和年产量的9%和2.5%，而2011年则分别提高为69.7%和63.2%。③中国大气田以煤成气田为主，2011年底发现大气田总共48个，其中煤成气大气田31个。④目前，中国储量最大和年产量最高的苏里格气田的气源是煤成气。

关键词: 煤成气, 煤系成烃以气为主, 天然气工业, 大气田, 中国

Abstract:

Great improvements have been made in China in four aspects since the “coal-derived gas theory” was proposed in 1979:(1)Gas is dominant over oil in hydrocarbon generation from coal measures(RO=0.5%-1.5%),because the coal in China is mainly humic organic matters;Lignin and cellulose account for 60%-80% in the original matters of humic coal with low H/C ratio,which is favorable for gas generation;Humic organic matters mainly comprise of methyl and aromatic hydrocarbons which are prone to gas generation;The experiments simulating coalification of humic coal suggest that the main products is natural gas.(2)Based on evaluation of gas potential in coal-bearing basins,it is proposed that Ordos Basin,Sichuan Basin,the Middle-Lower Jurassic basin groups in the Northwest China,and the second basin belt in southeast offshore China,possess large quantities of favorable areas of coal-derived gas formation with strong gas generation intensity and favorable conditions for large gas accumulations,thus these areas are enriched in coal-derived gases.These prospective researches have greatly promoted the later discoveries of large size gas fields in these areas.(3)Great progresses have been made in identification for the coal-derived gases.24 identification items and 3 identification diagrams in three aspects(carbon isotope series,light hydrocarbon and biomarkers)have been proposed.(4)Quantitative and sub-quantitative studies on the formation of large size gas fields(gas generation intensity,late stage gas accumulation and low gas fluid potential area)have accelerated the discoveries of large size gas fields.
The study on “coal-derived gas” has greatly accelerated the natural gas industry development in China.(1)China has changed from a gas-shortage country with the total proven reserves and annual production of 2 264×108m3 and 137.3×108m3 respectively in 1978 to the sixth largest county in the world by gas production in 2011 with the total proven reserves and annual production of 36 and 7.5 times as those in 1978.(2)Coal-derived gases dominated the reserves and annual production of natural gas in China.The coal-derived gases accounted for 9% and 2.5% among the total reserves and annual production of the natural gas respectively in China in 1978.These proportions rose to 69.7% and 63.2% respectively in 2011.(3)The large size gas fields in China mainly are composed of coal-derived gases.48 large gas fields have been found by 2011,31 of which are coal-derived gas fields.(4)The Sulige Gas Field which so far possesses the largest reserves and annual production in China is a coal-derived gas field.
 

Key words: Coal-derived gas, Coal-derived alkane gas, Natural gas industry, Large size gas field, China

中图分类号: 

  • TE12
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