Hydrogen-natural gas interplay in deep geological systems: Genetic mechanisms and organic-inorganic interactions
Received date: 2025-03-27
Revised date: 2025-05-05
Online published: 2025-05-14
Supported by
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41903013)
the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment(HKLPGE-202308)
Under the global low-carbon energy transition, natural hydrogen exploration and development have emerged as a focal point in global energy competition. This paper systematically reviews the genetic mechanisms of hydrogen generation and its interactions with hydrocarbon gases in deep geological systems. Key findings include:(1) Inorganic processes dominate hydrogen generation, where serpentinization serves as a key hydrogen source due to its high efficiency and widespread distribution. Mantle degassing and basement water-rock interactions provide stable hydrogen supplies in cratonic regions. (2) Hydrogen-hydrocarbon interactions exhibit dynamic equilibrium under high-temperature/pressure conditions: External hydrogen influx reactivates secondary hydrocarbon generation in overmature source rocks, while Fischer-Tropsch synthesis drives CO2/H2-to-CH4 conversion, establishing an equilibrium between hydrogen consumption and hydrocarbon enrichment. (3) Tectonic-fluid coupling systems demonstrate dual effects on gas accumulation: Deep-seated fault systems act as preferential migration pathways for hydrogen and alkane gases, yet associated hydrothermal fluid activities and caprock integrity deterioration may induce gas escape. Ductile caprocks (e.g., evaporites) significantly enhance hydrogen retention through physical adsorption and sealing mechanisms. High-hydrogen natural gas reservoirs discovered in China's Songliao and Qaidam basins validate the co-accumulation potential in Precambrian basement margins and fault zones. Current challenges lie in three aspects: (1) Poorly constrained temperature-pressure coupling mechanisms of hydrogen isotope fractionation; (2) Lack of in-situ reaction simulation techniques for deep geological conditions; (3) Insufficient quantitative models for hydrogen generation-consumption (biotic vs. abiotic).Future research should prioritize hydrogen source tracing techniques, develop numerical models for hydrogen-hydrocarbon interactions, and establish a dynamic evaluation framework tailored to continental sedimentary basins in China, providing theoretical and technological foundations for clean energy development.
Yu XIAO , Qiang MENG , Heng ZHAO , Mengting ZHANG , Zhuo GUO , Yaohui XU . Hydrogen-natural gas interplay in deep geological systems: Genetic mechanisms and organic-inorganic interactions[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2026 , 37(1) : 163 -177 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2025.05.004
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