Analysis of coal-related structures in eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
Received date: 2025-03-10
Revised date: 2025-06-10
Online published: 2025-06-23
Supported by
The Research Applied Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2023ZZ14)
Current research on the control of multiple detachment layers on the tectonic pattern in the eastern Kuqa Depression, including the Neogene Jidike Formation gypsum-salt rock, the Cretaceous Shushanhe Formation mudstone, and the Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing strata, is relatively weak. Through field geological investigation and high-precision 3D seismic data interpretation, the structural deformation style in the eastern Kuqa Depression was established. By comparing and analyzing the control of ancient uplifts, gypsum and salt rocks, mudstone, coal-bearing strata, tectonic stress, and different lithological combinations on structural deformation, and combining numerical simulation experiments and balanced section restoration, the characteristics, controlling factors, and deformation mechanisms of coal-related structural deformation in the eastern Kuqa Depression were systematically analyzed. The study suggests that the basement ancient uplift controls the soluble space and deformation space range of the Mesozoic coal-bearing strata and mudstone. The common point of the control of gypsum and salt rocks, mudstone, and coal-bearing strata on the structure is that they influence or change the structural deformation style by increasing the plasticity of the strata. On the surface of the plastic layer, detachment thrust structures usually develop, while basement-involved structures develop beneath the plastic layer. Strongly plastic layers flow and accumulate to thicken, while weakly plastic layers locally detach and stack vertically. Non-plastic layers undergo overall thrust deformation. The coal-bearing strata in the eastern Kuqa Depression are the main factor controlling structural deformation. The number, thickness, and burial depth of coal seams, together with the basement ancient uplift, jointly control the structural deformation. The number of coal seams controls the development scale and amplitude of thrust faults; more coal seams result in more developed multi-layer thrust structures, wider coal-bearing structures, and greater uplift amplitudes. The thickness of coal seams controls the deformation mode; thin coal seams mainly undergo basement-involved deformation, while thick coal seams undergo plastic detachment and folding deformation. The burial depth of coal seams controls the amplitude of structural deformation and the deformation style of coal-bearing structures. The basement ancient uplift controls the scale and range of the thrust belt; thrust faults disappear where the coal seams pinch out. In the eastern Kuqa Depression, with the coal-bearing strata as the detachment surface, layer-by-layer detachment, vertical stacking, and cooperative deformation occur during compression. In the Dibei2–Ixi1 well section, the coal-bearing strata are thick and strongly thrust, with multi-layer detachment and stacking of coal-bearing strata. The coal-bearing structures are relatively simple, arranged in rows and belts, and develop trap styles such as wedge-shaped thrusts, fault-type layer slides, fault blocks, and sudden structures, with significant potential for oil and gas exploration.
Yunjiang DUAN , Siyu ZHOU , Shaoying HUANG , Hongxing WEI , Caiming LUO , Jinkai XIA , Yongxu MEI , Peiye LIU . Analysis of coal-related structures in eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2025 , 36(12) : 2307 -2324 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2025.06.011
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