Characteristics and occurrence mechanism of organic-rich shale in the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China

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  • 1.School of Earth Science and Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China;
    2.Shaanxi Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Geology,Xi’an 710065,China;
    3.The 2nd Oil Production Plant of Dagang Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Huanghua 061103,China;
    4.China Petroleum Logging Co.Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China

Received date: 2015-12-20

  Revised date: 2016-02-02

  Online published: 2019-09-19

Abstract

Pore characteristics of shale reservoir are significant content for shale reservoir appraisal,and also the basic for the occurrence mechanism study of shale oil and gas.One scheme for pore types division was recommended in this paper.The scheme is based on mineral matrix types,attitudes and origins of pores.Ar-iron milling and field emission scanning electronic microscope were used to observe pore characteristics.Based on mineral matrix types and attitudes of pores,four kinds of pores were determined,including intergranular pore,intragranular pore,organic matter pore and micro-fracture.Then,according to the origins of pores,sub-types of pores were distinguished.Intergranular pore was divided into primary pores among clastic grains,pores among clay minerals aggregation,and dissolved pores among clastic grains.Intragranular pore include dissolved pores in feldspar,pores among (between) plates of clay minerals,and pores among pyrite crystal.Organic matter pores mainly incorporate micro-fracture in organic matter grain and pores with micro diameter discretely distributed in organic matter grain.Micro-fracture mainly includes fracture between lamina and lamellation.Sedimentary environment,diagenesis and thermal evolution of organic matter co-controlled the origin and preservation of pores in shale.Semi-deep to deep lacustrine environment  was conducive to forming organic-rich shale accompanied by thin sandy lamina with origin of gravity flow.Shale deposited with these features was favor of primary pores among clastic grains,pores in calstic grains,and micro-fracture along lamina.Pyrites that formed during eodiagenesis were favor of pores among pyrites,but pyrite also participated in compaction.Compaction caused pore diameter becoming narrower and pore volume becoming smaller,particularly for intragranular pore and intergranular pore.Contact relation between clastic grains and organic matter grains was concave-convex,also between pyrites and organic matter grains.Organic matter pores closed under compaction resulting in organic matter pore not well developed in Chang-7 Member.Dissolution was helpful to form dissolved pores among or in feldspar,as a result,reservoir quality may be improved.There may be no organic matter pore until maturity reached some level (maybe RO≈0.75%).One of the reason why organic matter pore not well developed is the low maturity,another reason is compaction during burial.Moreover,as permeability of organic rich shale is very low and hydrocarbon may be adsorbed on or dissolved to kerogen,the volume of kerogen may swell resulting in organic matter pore not well developed.

Cite this article

Er Chuang, Zhao Jing-zhou, Wang Rui, Zhang Jie, Yuan Ye, Shen Wu-xian . Characteristics and occurrence mechanism of organic-rich shale in the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016 , 27(7) : 1202 -1214 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.07.1202

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