Conception, Classification and Resource Potential of Unconventional Hydrocarbons
Received date: 2012-04-20
Revised date: 2012-05-27
Online published: 2012-06-10
Despite of the wide attention that the exploration and development of unconventional hydrocarbons has attracted, neither a distinct and consistent definition nor a systematic classification of the unconventional hydrocarbons can be found in the literature. Based on a comprehensive investigation and analysis, this paper defines the unconventional hydrocarbons as such a kind of hydrocarbon resources that is distinguished from conventional hydrocarbons by reservoir features and accumulation mechanism, and cannot produce economically with traditional measures of exploitation. Comparison between unconventional hydrocarbons and continuous accumulation shows that the former is broader than the latter in connotation, notwithstanding the continuous accumulation is a dominant part of the unconventional resources. Unconventional hydrocarbons can be divided into (1) gaseous, liquid, and solid types according to the state of hydrocarbon phases; (2) tight reservoired oil/gas, shale oil-gas, and coalbed methane in terms of the reservoir types; (3) continuous, quasi-continuous, and discontinuous types based on the characteristics of petroleum distribution or trapping; (4) self-sourced and outer-sourced types according to the source\|reservoir relationship; and (5) the primary and secondary types in terms of the genesis of accumulation. Investigation of resource assessment in China indicates that the original in\|place resource of unconventional oil is roughly 720×108t, and recoverable resource is about 210×108t(excluding tight oil and shale oil); the original in-place resource of unconventional gas is some 320×1012m3, of which the sum of tight gas, coalbed methane, and shale gas resources is possibly 175×1012m3, and their recoverable resource is about 70×1012m3, approximately 3 to 4 times that of conventional gas. Based on the analyses of the condition and characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation, we suggest a new resource triangle concept that petroleum resources are divided into three grades, namely the discontinuous (conventional), quasi\|continuous (tight), and continuous (self-sourced unconventional) accumulations, respectively. From this concept, we forecast that in petroleum basins where tight reservoirs are developed the amount of petroleum resources from the tight reservoirs is presumably in between that of the conventional accumulation and that of continuous unconventional accumulation from the source rocks. Because tight hydrocarbons are of better quality of reservoirs than coalbed methane and shale gas and are predicted to be of greater resource potential than assumed previously, they should be given top priority in the exploration of unconventional resources in China.
ZHAO Jing-Zhou . Conception, Classification and Resource Potential of Unconventional Hydrocarbons[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012 , 23(3) : 393 -406 . DOI: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2012.03.393
［1］Etherington J R,McDonald I R.Is Bitumen A Reserve［C］.SPE 90242.SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium,2005.
［2］Holditch S A,PerryK,Lee J.Unconventional Gas Reservoirs:Tight Gas,Coal Seams,and Shales［R］.Working Document of the NPC Global Oil & Gas Study,Topic Paper #29,Unconventional Gas,2007:52.
［3］Law B E,Curtis J B.Introduction to unconventional petroleum systems［J］.AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1851-1852.
［4］Dawson F M.Unconventional Gas in Canada Opportunities and Challenges［R］.Canadian Society for Unconventional Gas,2010.
［5］Singh K,Holditch S A,Ayers W B Jr.Basin analog investigations answer characterization challenges of unconventional gas potential in frontier basins［J］.Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2008,130(4):1-7.
［6］Old S,Holditch S A,Ayers W B,et al.PRISE:Petroleum Resource Investigation Summary and Evaluation［C］.SPE 117703,2008:1-16.
［7］Martin S O,Holditch S A,Ayers W B,et al.PRISE Validates Resource Triangle Concept［C］.April 2010 SPE Economics & Management,2010:51-60.
［8］Cheng K,Wu W,Holditch S A,et al.Assessment of the Distribution of Technically-Recoverable Resources in North American Basins［C］.CSUG,SPE 137599,2010:1-11.
［9］Vidas H,Hugman B.Availability,Economics and Production Potential of North American Unconventional Natural Gas Supplies［C］.The INGAA Foundation,Inc.,2008,:167.［10］Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Hou Lianhua,et al.Unconventional Petroleum Geology［M］.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011.［邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质［M］.北京:地质出版社,2011.］
［11］U.S.Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team.1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources:U.S［C］.Geological Survey Circular 1118,1995:20 .
［12］Gautier D L,Dolton G L,Takahashi K I,et al.1995 National Aassessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources-Results,Methodology,and Supporting Data:U.S［C］.Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30,1 CD-ROM,1995.
［13］Schmoker J W.Method for assessing continuous-type (unconventional) hydrocarbon accumulations［C］//Gautier D L,Dolton G L,Takahashi K I,et al.1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources-Results,Methodology,and Supporting Data:U.S.Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30,1 CD-ROM,1995.
［14］Schmoker J W.A resource evaluation of the Bakken Formation (upper Devonian and lower Mississippian) continuous oil accumulation,Williston basin,North Dakota and Montana［J］.The Mountain Geologist,1996,33(1):1-10.
［15］Schmoker J W,Fouch TD,Charpentier R R.Gas in the Uinta basin,Utah:Resources in continuous accumulations［J］.The Mountain Geologist,1996,33(4):95-104.
［16］Schmoker J W.U.S.Geological Survey Assessment Concepts for Continuous Petroleum Accumulations.Chapter 13 of Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province,Wyoming,Colorado,and Utah ［C］//USGS Southwestern Wyoming Province Assessment Team ed.U.S.Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-69-D,U.S.Geological Survey,Denver,Colorado:Version 1,2005:7.
［17］Schmoker J W.Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems［J］.AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1993-1999.
［18］Schenk C J.Geologic Definition and Resource Assessment of Continuous (Unconventional) Gas Accumulations:The U.S.Experience［C/OL］.AAPG ICE,2002.http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/abstracts/cairo2002/schenk.htm.
［19］Schenk C J.Geologic Definition of Conventional and Continuous Accumulations in Select U.S.Basins-The 2001 Approach［C/OL］.AAPG Hedberg,2005.http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/abstracts/2005hedberg_vail/abstracts/short/schenk.htm.
［20］SPE/AAPG/WPC/SPEE.Petroleum Resources Management System(PRMS)2007［S/OL］.2007:47.http://www.spe.org/industry/reserves/docs/Petroleum_Resources_Management_System_2007.Pdf.
［21］Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.The formation conditions and distribution characteristics of continuous petroleum accumulations［J］.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):324-331.［邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征［J］.石油学报,2009,30(3):324-331.］
［22］Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and distribution of “continuous” gas reservoirs and their giant gas province:A case from the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation giant gas province,Sichuan basin［J］.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319.［邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等. “连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例［J］.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319. ］
［23］Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.Global importance of “continuous” petroleum reservoirs:Accumulation,distribution and evaluation［J］.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(6):669-681.［邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.“连续型”油气藏及其在全球的重要性:成藏、分布与评价［J］. 石油勘探与开发,2009,36(6):669-681.］
［24］Zhao Jingzhou,Wang Li,Sun Binghua,et al.Effect of structural evolution on the formation and distribution of upper Paleozoic giant gas fields in the east Ordos basin ［J］.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(6):875-881.［赵靖舟,王力,孙兵华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部构造演化对上古生界大气田形成的控制作用［J］.天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):875-881.］
［25］Tao Shizhen,Zou Caineng,Wang Jinghong,et al.On the identification of connotation,extension,and type for some hydrocarbon accumulations［J］.Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):571-575.［陶士振,邹才能,王京红,等.关于一些油气藏概念内涵、外延及属类辨析［J］.天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):571-575.］
［26］Li Mingcheng,Li Jian.“Dynamic trap”:A main action of hydrocarbon charging to form accumulations in low permeability-tight reservoir［J］.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):718-722.［李明诚,李剑.“动力圈闭”——低渗透致密储层中油气充注成藏的主要作用［J］.石油学报,2010,31(5):718-722.］
［27］Song Yan,Qin Shengfei,Zhao Mengjun.Two key geological factors controlling the coalbed methane reservoirs in China ［J］.Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):545-553.［宋岩,秦胜飞,赵孟军.中国煤层气成藏的两大关键地质因素［J］.天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):545-553.］
［28］Spencer C W.Geologic aspects of tight gas reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain region［J］.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1985,37(8):1308-1314.
［29］Spencer C W.Review of Characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in western United States［J］.AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(5):613-629.
［30］Kazemi H.Low-permeability gas sands［J］.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1982,34(10):2229-2232.
［31］Nehring R.Growing and indispensable:The contribution of production from tight-gas sands to U.S.gas production［C］//Cumella S P,Shanley K W,Camp W K,et al.Understanding,Exploring,and Developing Tight-Gas Sands-2005 Vail Hedberg Conference.AAPG Hedberg Series,2008:5-12.
［32］Holditch S A.Tight gas sands［J］.Journal of Petroleum Technology,2006:86-94.
［33］Dixon B,Flint D.Canadian Tight Gas:Developing and Applying a Workable Definition［C］.CSUG Tight Gas Definition November,2007:1-10.
［34］Yuan Zhengwen,Zhu Jiawei,Wang Shenglang,et al.Characteristics and classification of gas reservoirs in Shahejie Formation in Dongpu depression［J］.Natural Gas Industry,1990,10(3):6-11.［袁政文,朱家蔚,王生朗,等.东濮凹陷沙河街组天然气储层特征及分类［J］.天然气工业,1990,10(3):6-11.］
［35］Xu Huazheng.Characteristics of tight sand gas reservoir in Zhongyuan oil field and its exploration［J］.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1991,12(1):1-28.［许化政.东濮凹陷致密砂岩气藏特征的研究［J］.石油学报,1991,12(1):1-28.］
［36］Zhao Chenglin,Hu Aimei,Chen Biyu,et al.The Petroleum Standard of People′s Republic of China:Assessment Method Of Petroleum Reservoirs(SY/T6285-1997)［S］.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998:16.［赵澄林,胡爱梅,陈碧珏,等.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准:油气储层评价方法(SY/T6285-1997)［S］.北京:石油工业出版社,1998:16.］
［37］Hu Wenrui.Theory of Low-permeability Reservoir［M］.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:246.［胡文瑞.低渗透油气田概论［M］.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:246.］
［38］Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhang,Xiangxiang,et al.Geologic characteristics,controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of China′s large gas provinces of low porosity and permeability［J］.Science in China:Series D,2009,52(8):1068-1090.［邹才能,陶士振,张响响,等.中国低孔渗大气区地质特征、控制因素和成藏机制［J］.中国科学:D辑,2009,39(11):1607-1624.］
［39］Li Daopin.Development of Low-Permeability Oil Fields［M］.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.［李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发［M］.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.］
［40］Zhao Jingzhou,Wu Shaobo,Wu Fuli.The classification and evaluation criterion of low permeability reservoir:An example from Ordos basin［J］.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):28-31．［赵靖舟,吴少波,武富礼．论低渗透储层的分类与评价标准［J］．岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):28-31．］
［41］BGR.Reserves,Resources and Availability of Energy Resources［C］.Hanover,Germany:Federal Institute for Geoscicences and Natural Resources,2009:86.
［42］World Energy Council.2010 Survey of Energy Resources［C/OL］.2010:608.http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf.
［43］Meyer R F,Attanasi E D,Freeman P A.Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen Resources in Geological Basins of the World:U.S［R］.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1084,2007:36.
［44］Dyni J R.Geology and Resources of Some World Oil-Shale Deposits:U.S［R］.Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5294,2006:42 .
［45］Chew K.World Oil & Gas Resources［C］.42nd Annual IPLOCA Convention,Athens,Greece October 2,2008.
［46］IEA(International Energy Agency).World Energy Outlook 2009 (WEO-2009)［R/OL］.ISBN 978-92-64-06130-9,200:691.http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2009/weo2009.pdf.
［47］USGS (United States Geological Survey).World Petroleum Assessment［R］.USGS,Washington,D.C.,2000.
［48］USGS (United States Geological Survey).Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal:Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of Arctic Circle［R］.Fact Sheet 2008-3049,USGS,Washington,D.C.,2008.
［49］Rogner H H.An Assessment of World Hydrocarbon Resources［R］.IIASA,WP-96-56,1996:43.
［50］Kawata Y,Fujita K.Some Predictions of Possible Unconventional Hydrocarbon Availability Until 2100［C］.SPE 68755,2001:1-10.
［51］Sanière A.A look at Gas Reserves,Discoveries and Production［R］.Panorama,2006:1-6.
［52］Kuuskraa V,Stevens S,Leeuwen T V,et al.World Shale Gas Resources:An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States［C］.Advanced Resources International,Inc.,2011:1-7.
［53］Dong Z,Holditch S A,McVay DA,et al.Global Unconventional Gas Resource Assessment［R］.CSUG/SPE 148365,2011:1-16.
［54］
[KG*7/8]Ministry of China National Land and Resources Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources Strategy.Evaluation of Domestic Oil and Gas Resources［M］.Beijing:China Earth Press,2010:1500.［国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心.全国石油天然气资源评价［M］.北京:中国大地出版社,2010:1500.］
［55］Niu Jiayu,Hong Feng.Exploratory prospects of unconventional oil-gas resources in China［J］.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(5):5-7.［牛嘉玉,洪峰.我国非常规油气资源的勘探远景［J］.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(5):5-7.］
［56］Zhang Jie,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Jinchuan.The potential and distribution of unconventional oil and gas resources in China［J］.Petroleum & Petrochemical Today,2004,12(10):17-19.［张杰,金之钧,张金川.中国非常规油气资源潜力及分布［J］.当代石油石化,2004,12(10):17-19.］
［57］Che Changbo,Yang Hulin,Li Fubing,et al.Speculation on Chinese policies of exploring and developing unconventional hydrocarbon resources［J］.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(12):4-6.［车长波,杨虎林,李富兵,等.非常规油气资源勘探开发政策思考［J］.天然气工业,2008,28(12):4-6.］
［58］Guan Deshi,Niu Jiayu,Guo Lina,et al.Unconventional Geology of China［M］.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:288.［关德师,牛嘉玉,郭丽娜,等.中国非常规油气地质［M］.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:288.］
［59］Li Jingming,Wang Hongyan,Zhao Qun.Potential and prospects on new energy sources in China［J］.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(1):149-153.［李景明,王红岩,赵群.中国新能源资源潜力及前景展望［J］.天然气工业,2008,28(1):149-153.］
［60］Liu Chenglin,Fan Bojiang,Ge Yan,et al.Unconventional natural gas resources prospect in China［M］//Hu Wenrui,Zhai Guangming,Lei Qun et al.New Domain and Technology for Unconventional Petroleum Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:32-38.［刘成林,范柏江,葛岩,等.中国非常规天然气资源前景［M］//胡文瑞,翟光明,雷群,等.非常规油气勘探开发新领域与新技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:32-38.］
［61］Hu Wenrui.Development and utilization of non-conventional natural gas resources in China［J］.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(5):9-16.［胡文瑞.中国非常规天然气资源开发与利用［J］.大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(5):9-16.］
［62］Li Yuxi,Zhang Jinchuan.Types of unconventional oil and gas resources in China and their development potential\
[J\].International Petroleum Economy,2011,(3):61-67.［李玉喜,张金川.我国非常规油气资源类型和潜力［J］.国际石油经济,2011,(3):61-67.］
［63］Pan Jiping,Wang Nan,Han Zhiqiang,et al.Exploration and development of unconventional gas resources in China and analysis of policy recommendations［J］.International Petroleum Economy,2011,(6):19-24.［潘继平,王楠,韩志强,等.中国非常规天然气资源勘探开发与政策思考［J］.国际石油经济,2011,(6):19-24.］
［64］Ministry of China National Land and Resources Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources Strategy.Evaluation of Domestic Coalbed Methane Resources［M］.Beijing:China Earth Press,2009:256.［国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心.全国煤层气资源评价［M］.北京:中国大地出版社,2009:256.］
［65］Zhang Xinmin,Zhao Jingzhou.Technical Recovery Potential of Coalbed Methane in China［M］.Bejing:Science Press,2010:164.［张新民,赵靖舟.中国煤层气技术可采资源潜力［M］.北京:科学出版社,2010:164.］
［66］Zhang Jinchuan,Jiang Shengling,Tang Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China［J］.Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114.［张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点［J］.天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.］
［67］Dong Dazhong,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,et al.Resource potential,exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world［J］.Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):324-336.［董大忠,邹才能,李建忠,等.页岩气资源潜力与勘探开发前景［J］.地质通报,2011,30(2/3):324-336.］
［68］Zhao Jingzhou,Fang Chaoqiang,Zhang Jie,et al.Evaluation of China shale gas from the exploration and development of North America shale gas［J］.Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2011,26(2):1-7,110.［赵靖舟,方朝强,张洁,等.由北美页岩气勘探开发看我国页岩气选区评价［J］.西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):1-7,110.］
［69］
[JP2]Guo Tonglou,Li Yuping,Wei Zhihong.Reservoir-forming conditions
[JP]of shale gas in Ziliujing Formation of Yuanba area in Sichuan basin［J］.Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(1):1-7.［郭彤楼,李宇平,魏志红.四川盆地元坝地区自流井组页岩气成藏条件［J］.天然气地球科学,2011,22(1):1-7.］
［70］
[KG*6/7]Gray J K.Future Gas Reserve Potential Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin［C］.Calgary:The 3rd National Technology Conference Canadian Gas Association,1977.
［71］Masters J A.Deep basin gas trap,western Canada［J］.AAPG Bulletin,1979,63(2):152-181.
［72］Kuuskraa V A,Schmoker J W.Diverse gas plays lurk in gas resource pyramid［J］.Oil & Gas Journal(June 8),1998:123-130.
［73］Auilera R F,Harding T,Krause F.Natural Gas Production Tight Gas Formations:A Global Perspective［C］.Spain:19th World Petroleum Congress,2008:18.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备 62010202000678号