Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 174-190.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.09.009

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Lithofacies division and comparison and characteristics of Longtan Formation shale in typical areas of Sichuan Basin and its surrounding

Yi HE1(),Xuan TANG1(),Yan-sheng SHAN2(),Guang-xiang LIU3,Huang-chang XIE1,Zi-jie MA1   

  1. 1.China University of Geosciences (School of Energy)/Key Laboratory of Strategic Evaluation of Shale Gas Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Petroleum Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China
    3.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2020-07-19 Revised:2020-09-15 Online:2021-02-10 Published:2021-03-10
  • Contact: Xuan TANG,Yan-sheng SHAN E-mail:2316595340@qq.com;tangxuan@cugb.edu.cn;shanger@sohu.com
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972132);The China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05009-002);The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Abstract:

There are many types of transitional facies shale, and the types of organic matter are complex. They are neither completely the same as continental nor completely the same as the characteristics of marine shale. Discussing transitional shale facies and their characteristics is a further understanding of shale gas storage space. This paper takes the Well M1 and Well DC1 shale of Permian Longtan Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas as the research objects , combined with core observation, ordinary optical thin section observation, and argon ion polishing scanning electron microscope observation. The lithofacies are divided and compared and their characteristics are described. The results indicate that the shale lithofacies of the Longtan Formation in the typical areas of the Sichuan Basin and its periphery can be divided into five major categories according to the mineral content, which are clay shale facies, calcareous shale facies, siliceous shale facies, calcareous mixed shale facies, siliceous mixed shale facies. According to the abundance of organic matter, eight sub-categories are further divided into ultra-high organic matter siliceous shale facies, ultra-high organic matter siliceous mixed shale facies, ultra-high organic matter clay shale facies, high organic matter siliceous shale facies, high-organic clay shale facies, medium-organic calcareous shale facies, medium-organic clay shale facies and low-organic calcareous shale facies. Clay shale facies, siliceous shale facies and siliceous mixed shale lithofacies with high abundance of organic matter is favorable production zone, while calcareous and calcareous mixed shale facies with low abundance of organic matter is an unfavorable production zone. Clay shale facies is the most commonly developed lithofacies in shale facies. The abundance of organic matter in clay facies shale facies is higher than that of marine clay shale facies shale.

Key words: Transitional facies, Marine facies, Typical areas in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery, Longtan Formation, Shale facies, Characteristics of organic matter

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2

Fig.1

Sedimentary facies, contours and sampling locations of the Longtan Formation in the study area[9-11]"

Fig.2

Stratigraphic column of Wells M1(a) and DC1(b)"

Fig.3

Mineral composition triangle diagram of Wells M1 and DC1"

Table 1

Lithofacies division results of Wells M1 and DC1"

井号样品号深度/m矿物组成/%矿物含量分类 (大类)TOC /%TOC等级

有机质丰度分类

(小类)

黏土矿物石英+长石碳酸盐矿物
M1井M24 941.5361940钙质混合页岩相1.41中有机质钙质混合页岩相
M54 944.4165422硅质页岩相9.88特高特高有机质硅质页岩相
M94 949.2384710硅质混合页岩相9.22特高特高有机质硅质混合页岩相
M114 951.2256110硅质页岩相2.01高有机质硅质页岩相
M154 955.7221263钙质页岩相0.37低有机质钙质页岩相
M164 956.8651215黏土质页岩相1.62中有机质黏土质页岩相
M194 959.455203黏土质页岩相3.39高有机质黏土质页岩相
M204 960.467174黏土质页岩相4.66特高特高有机质黏土质页岩相
M214 962.358340黏土质页岩相3.05高有机质黏土质页岩相
DC1井D1632.655.333.10黏土质页岩相12.8特高特高有机质黏土质页岩相
D267125.374.7012.8特高
D4723.288.211.80黏土质页岩相7.15特高特高有机质黏土质页岩相
D6854.141.156.70硅质页岩相2.91高有机质硅质页岩相
D7862.654.328.815.8黏土质页岩相2.91高有机质黏土质页岩相
D8891.576.619.13.9黏土质页岩相5.32特高特高有机质黏土质页岩相
D9920.760.233.66.2黏土质页岩相2.72高有机质黏土质页岩相
D10957.887.512.30.2黏土质页岩相18.5特高特高有机质黏土质页岩相

Table 2

Mineral composition of Longtan Formation in Wells M1 and DC1"

井号编号井深/m岩性黏土/%石英/%钾长石/%斜长石/%方解石/%白云石/%黄铁矿/%菱铁矿/%硬石膏/%
M1井M24 941.5灰色灰质页岩3616/31129311
M54 944.4灰黑色炭质页岩2145/320641/
M94 949.2灰黑色炭质页岩3843/4643/2
M114 951.2灰黑色炭质页岩2559/2824//
M154 955.7灰色泥质页岩2211/14593//
M164 956.8灰黑色页岩658/4114611
M194 959.4灰黑色页岩5520//12193/
M204 960.4灰黑色页岩675111/412//
M214 962.3灰黑色含砂页岩5819/15//7/1
DC1井D1632.6灰黑色含砂页岩55.329.90.92.3//10.3/1.3
D267125.374.7///////
D4723.2黑色炭质页岩88.211.8///////
D6854.1灰黑色粉砂质页岩41.141.90.614.2//2.2//
D7862.6黑色炭质页岩54.319.41.28.2/15.81.1//
D8891.5黑色炭质页岩76.6152.21.93.9/0.4//
D9920.7灰黑色粉砂质页岩60.2230.89.86.2////
D10957.8黑色炭质页岩87.511.90.4/0.2////

Table 3

Clay mineral composition of Longtan Formation in Wells M1 and DC1"

井号编号井深/m岩性伊利石/%高岭石/%绿泥石/%伊/蒙混层/%绿/蒙混层/%伊/蒙混层比/%
M1井M24 941.5灰色灰质页岩581/41/35
M54 944.4灰黑色炭质页岩581140/35
M94 949.2灰黑色炭质页岩62//38/30
M114 951.2灰黑色炭质页岩551143/35
M154 955.7灰色泥质页岩56//44/30
M164 956.8灰黑色页岩40/159/30
M194 959.4灰黑色页岩22758435
M204 960.4灰黑色页岩193474/35
M214 962.3灰黑色含砂页岩2561453235
DC1井D1632.6灰黑色含砂页岩9383320/10
D2671293832///
D4723.2黑色炭质页岩3431638/10
D6854.1灰黑色粉砂质页岩462169/25
D7862.6黑色炭质页岩451576/25
D8891.5黑色炭质页岩391375/25
D9920.7灰黑色粉砂质页岩1153549/25
D10957.8黑色炭质页岩/6436///

Table 4

Analysis results of transmitted light + fluorescent kerogen type in Well M1"

井深/m层位岩性腐泥组/%壳质组/%镜质组/%惰质组/%干酪根类型
4 942.6龙潭组黑色炭质页岩40.5758.810.63
4 946.8龙潭组黑色炭质页岩67.832.22
4 949.15龙潭组黑色炭质页岩0.3270.8328.210.642
4 951.2龙潭组黑色炭质页岩70.3229.682
4 952.1龙潭组黑色炭质页岩0.9375.6923.382
4 957.75龙潭组黑色页岩0.6322.8873.982.51
4 959.37龙潭组黑色页岩0.333.9693.42.31
4 960.42龙潭组黑色页岩0.3133.9665.110.62
4 962.3龙潭组黑色页岩30.1968.241.57
4 963.25龙潭组黑色页岩21.7376.361.92

Fig.4

Scanning electron microscope photos of organic matter microscopic components of typical samples from Wells M1 and DC1"

Fig.5

Lithofacies types and characteristics of shale in Longtan Formation in Well M1"

Fig.6

Lithofacies and microscopic characteristics of Longtan Formation shale in Well DC1"

Fig.7

Pore characteristics of shale in Longtan Formation in Wells M1 and DC1"

Fig.8

Pore characteristics of different shale facies in Wells M1 and DC1"

Table 5

Lithofacies pore structure characteristics of dominant shale"

岩相沉积相孔隙类型孔隙形态特征孔径范围(峰值)DFT孔隙体积BET比表面积孔径分布曲线特征孔隙发育情况
特高有机质 黏土质页岩相海陆过渡相(DC1井)矿物粒间孔、黏土矿物粒内孔,有机孔欠发育,有机质周缘孔缝较发育狭缝型,墨水瓶型,喉道分选差5 nm、 20 nm0.018~0.038~25双峰型发育
高有机质黏土质页岩相海陆过渡相(DC1井)矿物粒间孔、黏土矿物粒内孔,有机孔欠发育,有机质周缘孔缝较发育狭缝型,墨水瓶型,喉道分选差20 nm0.02~0.0310~15单峰型较发育
黏土质页岩相海相(M1井)矿物粒间孔、黏土矿物粒内孔,有机孔欠发育狭缝型4 nm0.02~0.0358~15单峰型特高有机质黏土质页岩相最发育
高有机质硅质页岩相海陆过渡相(DC1井)矿物粒间孔,有机孔欠发育狭缝型,墨水瓶型,喉道分选差20 nm0.02~0.0310~15单峰型较发育
硅质页岩相海相(M1井)矿物粒间孔,有机孔较发育狭缝和墨水瓶型2 nm、4 nm0.01~0.0355~30双峰型特高有机质硅质页岩相最发育
硅质混合 页岩相海相(M1井)矿物粒间孔,有机孔较发育2 nm、4 nm0.02522双峰型较发育
钙质混合 页岩相海相(M1井)生物碎屑粒内孔,溶蚀孔,矿物粒间孔墨水瓶型,圆柱型和板型10 nm0~0.040~15单峰型发育

Table 6

Comparison of different lithofacies sedimentary environment, organic matter characteristics and pyrite content"

矿物含量分类(大类)沉积相及井号有机质丰度分类(小类)有机显微组分特征显微组分形态黄铁矿含量储层特征
黏土质页岩相海相 M1井中有机质黏土质页岩相Ⅲ型,壳质组和镜质组为主,个体细碎个体直径一般小于50 μm,结构不完整普遍发育黄铁矿,与TOC呈正相关主要发育矿物粒间孔,黏土矿物粒内孔,多为狭缝型,主要孔径在4 nm左右
高有机质黏土质页岩相
特高有机质黏土质页岩相
海陆过渡相DC1井特高有机质黏土质页岩相Ⅲ型,惰质组和镜质组为主个体较大,结构完整,一般大于50 μm黄铁矿含量非均质性较强,与TOC关系不明显主要发育矿物粒间孔,黏土矿物粒内孔,孔隙多为狭缝、墨水瓶型,分选差,主要为20 nm孔
高有机质黏土质页岩相
硅质 页岩相海相M1井特高有机质硅质页岩相II型,壳质组和镜质组为主,少量腐泥组个体直径一般小于50 μm,结构不完整普遍发育黄铁矿,与TOC呈正相关主要为矿物粒间孔,孔隙多为狭缝、墨水瓶型,主要为2 nm、4 nm孔
海陆过渡相DC1井高有机质硅质页岩相Ⅲ型,惰质组和镜质组为主个体直径一般小于50 μm,结构不完整黄铁矿含量非均质性较强,与TOC关系不明显主要发育矿物粒间孔,孔隙多为狭缝、墨水瓶型,主要为20 nm孔
钙质 页岩相海相 M1井低有机质钙质页岩相Ⅲ型,惰质组和镜质组为主个体直径一般小于50 μm,结构不完整普遍发育黄铁矿,与TOC呈正相关生物碎屑粒内孔,溶蚀孔,矿物粒间孔,孔隙为墨水瓶、圆柱形、板形,主要为10 nm孔
钙质混合页岩相海相 M1井中有机质钙质混合页岩相Ⅲ型,惰质组和镜质组为主个体较小,一般小于25 μm普遍发育黄铁矿,与TOC呈正相关
硅质混合 页岩相海相 M1井特高有机质硅质混合页岩相Ⅲ型,惰质组和镜质组为主个体较小,一般小于25 μm普遍发育黄铁矿,与TOC呈正相关矿物粒间孔、有机孔发育,狭缝和墨水瓶型,主要2 nm、4 nm孔

Fig.9

Different lithofacies, multiple wells and multiple regions"

Table 7

Comprehensive lithofacies characteristics of multiple wells and multiple areas in the Sichuan Basin"

岩相有机质特征储层特征含气性
TOC有机质类型孔隙特征孔隙分布特征
黏土质 页岩相有机质丰度变化很大, 为0.1%~20%Ⅲ型为主中孔,平板狭缝型为主,黏土矿物孔,微裂缝为主,有机质孔少孔径变化范围较大, 1%到10%较为稳定, 解析气1.5~2 m3/t
硅质 页岩相整体较为稳定,5%左右Ⅲ型为主, 部分II型有机孔相对较为发育,主要发育矿物粒间孔,多为狭缝型,部分为圆型或椭圆型孔径和沉积环境关系较为密切,海相的较为稳定3%左右,海陆过渡相变化较大为1%~10%较为稳定, 解析气1.5 m3/t左右
钙质 页岩相一般很低,1%以下Ⅲ型为主较多的溶蚀孔和生物碎屑孔,圆柱型和墨水瓶型变化大,一般在有溶蚀孔样品中孔隙度高5%以上,其他为1%左右较低, 解析气1 m3/t以下
混合 页岩相一般较低,为1%~5%Ⅲ型为主其中有机质孔孔径较小,无机孔隙主要为黏土矿物晶间孔和碎屑颗粒原生粒间孔,狭缝型和墨水瓶型孔径分布较为集中,3%左右比较普遍较稳定, 解析气1.3 m3/t
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