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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1286-1300.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.06.013

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Control of sequence stratigraphic evolution on the types and distribution of favorable reservoir in the delta and beach-bar sedimentary system: Case study of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Central Sichuan Basin, China

Tian-shu Zhang1(),Shi-zhen Tao1,Yin-ye Wu1,Jia-jing Yang2,Zheng-lian Pang1,Xiao-ping Yang1,Yan-yan Chen1,Miao Yuan1,Min Liu2,Jian-wei Fan1,Rong-chang Feng1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Company, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2019-03-10 Revised:2019-06-03 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-10-14

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Abstract:

Lianggaoshan Formation is the main target tight oil layer. Lianggaoshan Formation deposited a set of delta- beach bar sedimentary system, and the beach-bar reservoir had strong heterogeneity. The purpose of this paper was to reveal the controlling factors on favorable facies and their distribution of tight oil reservoirs in the sequence stratigraphic structures. Detailed information has been acquired through analyses of cores, outcrops, well logs, thin sections of rocks, geochemical data, and geomorphological data. Conclusions are listed as follows. Firstly, the research indicates the distribution of sand beach bar is controlled by both lake-level changes and provenance, and beach-bars concentrate in the middle transgressive systems tract and early regressive systems tract. Secondly, shore-shallow lacustrine sand beach bar is refined into main body, margin, in-shore beach, and off-shore beach. Thirdly, based on the characteristics analyses of reservoir in different micro-facies, the distribution of favorable reservoir is controlled by micro-facies. The favorable reservoir is the main body of bar. Fourthly, the favorable reservoirs are finally zoned. The research work has defined the distribution of favorable reservoir in tight oil reservoirs, which is of guiding significance for the next exploration.

Key words: Jurassic in Central Sichuan Basin, Evolution of sequence stratigraphy, Delta, Beach-bar, Sedimentary micro-facies, Favorable reservoir

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2

Fig.1

Location of the Central Sichuan Basin[5] "

Fig.2

Stratigraphic column of Da′anzhai member and Lianggaoshan Formation, Middle-Lower Jurassic, Central Sichuan Basin[5] "

Fig.3

The relationship between fluctuation of lake level and the transgressive-regressive systems tract[22] "

Fig.4

Depositional characteristics of the sequence boundaries and maximum flooding period in Lianggaoshan Formation"

Table 1

Geochemical data of the mudstones in the maximum flooding period"

样品

深度

/m

 岩性

V/

（μg/g）

Ni/

（μg/g）

U/

（μg/g）

Th/

（μg/g）

V/

(Ni+V)

 Th/U

TOC/

%

I H/

(mg/gTOC)
七里峡剖面凉上段 217.12 灰黑色泥岩 103.7 41.1 3.23 14.16 0.72 4.38 1.50 369.33
L2井凉上段 1 881.28 黑色泥岩 100.3 37.4 3.29 16.49 0.73 4.17 2.46 232.52

Fig.5

One ideal parasequence in Lianggaoshan Formation"

Fig.6

Division of sequences in Lianggaoshan Formation"

Table 2

Types and locations of sedimentary facies in Lianggaoshan Formation"

相 亚相 微相 地层位置 体系域位置 准层序组位置 准层序位置
湖泊 滨湖 泥坪 凉下段 TST下部 1退积式 1、2
近岸砂滩 凉下段 TST下部 1退积式 1、2
灰泥坪 凉下段 TST下部 1退积式 1、2
近岸混积滩 凉下段 TST下部 1退积式 1、2
浅湖 远岸砂滩 凉上Ⅰ亚段、凉上Ⅱ亚段 RST下部、TST上部 3进积式、2退积式 5、3
砂坝（坝主体，坝侧缘） 凉上Ⅱ亚段、凉上Ⅰ亚段 TST上部、RST下部 2退积式、3进积式 3、5
浅湖泥 凉上段 TST上部、RST 2退积式、3进积式 3、4、5、6
半深湖 半深湖泥 凉上Ⅰ―Ⅱ亚段、凉上Ⅰ亚段 TST上部、RST下部 2退积式、3进积式 4、5
风暴沉积 凉上Ⅰ―Ⅱ亚段 TST顶部 2退积式 4
重力流沉积 凉上Ⅰ―Ⅱ亚段、凉上Ⅰ亚段 TST顶部、RST下部 2退积式、3进积式 4、5
三角洲 三角洲前缘 水下分流河道 凉上Ⅰ亚段、凉上Ⅱ亚段 RST、TST上部 3进积式、2退积式 6、5、3

Fig.7

Depositional charactristics of beach-bars"

Fig.8

Column of sequence-sedimentary analysis, Well G19(1∶500)"

Fig.9

Depositional characteristics of off-shore beach,（Well Lq2）"

Fig.10

The vertical depositional distribution of off-shore beach,Well Lq2"

Fig.11

Grain size cumulative probability of main body"

Fig.12

Depositional model of beach-bars in Lianggaoshan Formation"

Fig.13

Evolution and filling pattern of Lianggaoshan Formation"

Fig.14

Sedimentary model of delta and beach-bar sedimentary system in Lianggaoshan Formation"

Fig.15

Distribution map of sedimentary facies in delta and beach-bar sedimentary system, Lianggaoshan Formation"

Fig.16

Microscopic characteristics of beach-bar reservoir"

Table 3

Comparison between reservoirs of different microfacies in microcharacteristics and oil-bearing conditions"

沉积微相 微相砂体类型 岩性

成分、结构

成熟度

填隙物/

胶结物

 储集空间类型 典型单井 层段

孔隙度

/％

渗透率/

(×10-3 μm2)

 含油性
浅湖砂坝 坝主体 细粒、中粒岩屑长石砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩 高 方解石、硅质，少量黏土 长石、岩屑溶蚀孔 七里峡露头剖面 凉上Ⅱ — — —
G17 凉上Ⅱ 5.14 工业油
Xn9 凉上Ⅱ 2 0.15 低产油
N2 凉上Ⅰ 1.83 0.04 油侵
坝侧缘 粉—细粒岩屑质石英砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩 较高 方解石 胶结物、岩屑溶蚀孔 G17 凉上Ⅰ — — 油迹
远岸砂滩 — 泥质粉砂岩和粉砂岩 高 方解石 胶结物溶蚀孔 Xn9 凉上Ⅰ 1.5 0.1 低产油
粗粉砂岩屑质石英砂岩 方解石 胶结物溶蚀孔 Lq2 凉上Ⅰ—Ⅱ — — —
粉－细粒岩屑质石英砂岩 方解石 胶结物溶蚀孔 G21 凉上Ⅱ — — —
三角洲前缘水下分流河道 — 含泥砾中、细粒长石岩屑砂岩，粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩 较低 方解石、硅质 长石、岩屑溶蚀孔、胶结物溶蚀孔 X56 凉上Ⅱ 1.8 0.15 工业油
细粒岩屑长石砂岩 胶结物溶蚀孔 Gu100 凉上Ⅰ — — 油迹

滑塌

浊积扇

 水道 细粒岩屑长石砂岩 较低 方解石 微裂缝、长石溶孔 Y2 凉上Ⅰ—Ⅱ 2.69 0.23 油迹
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