Based on national oil safety, developing petroleu m geology theory and expanding the region of oil & gas exploration,the two impor tant conferences on petroleum geology were held in China in 2005, one is the 10t h National Meeting on Organic Geochemistry and the other is the Xiangshan Scienc e Conference of No．265，abiogenic or inorganic oil／gas and its resource prospe ct, were reviewed in this paper．The authors disproved some opinions that in the paper “basic theoretical questions of oil generation in petroleum plays: dis cussing with oil inorganogenic theorists” and emphasize the possibility of i norganic oil ＆ gas in the earth．The authors emphasized the significance to build on the academic atmosphere，too．
The source of the hydrocarbon gases in Kongque Well 1 and the vertical variation regularities, the migration mechanisms and the migration directions of these ga ses have been analyzed based on the geochemical data of the hydrocarbon gases ex tracted from the drill cuttings. The results show that the gas accumulated in Si lurian reservoirs source from the Lower Paloezoic source rocks. These gases can vertically migrate to the surface through diffusion and permeation. Investigatio ns of this kind indicate that Kongque River Slope has gas potential and prospect , and the direct hydrocarbon method should be used in this area when conducting oil and gas geochemical exploration.
GC-MS analyses were made on saturated hydrocarbons of low-mature oil samples, chemical composition analyses and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition analy ses were made on natural gas samples of the south region of Kongdian, Huanghua D epression. The components of methane, ethane and propane of natural gases are fr om 37.99 to 68.89%, 1.82 to 6.01% and 0.83% to 3.43% respectively. The carbon is otopic compositions of methane, ethane, propane and normal-butane are from -45. 8‰ to -40.8‰, -27.6‰ to -25.3‰, -29.2‰ to -26.9‰ and from -28.9‰ to - 27.7‰, respectively. The hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane, ethane and propane are from -254‰ to -202‰, -204‰ to -180‰ and from -208‰ to -178 ‰, respectively. δ+{13}C values of methane, ethane, propane and normal-but ane of three samples were all reversed, i.e., δ13C-2>δ13C3>δ13CnC4and δD values of methane, ethane and propane of one samp le were also reversed. The characteristics of biomarker compounds of oils show t hat the oils are low-mature oil [with OEP>1.22, Ts/(Ts+Tm)<0.30, 20S/(20S+20R) C29 stigmastane <0.28]. Combined with the oil and gas formation geologica l background of this region, we propose that the studied low-mature oil associa ted gases are mixed gases originated both from low-mature source rocks (the second sect of Kongdian group of Paleogene System) and from mature source rocks (the Carboniferous to Permian Systems of Upper Palaeozoic Erathem) in this region.
So far study on natural gas origin focuses on oil C4-C7 hydrocarbons and nat ural gas carbon isotope in wet gas reservoir and condensate reservoir. Under mor e circumstances, it is different from source rock between natural gas and oil; a nother is that the components of natural gas is rather simple, useful informatio n is a small quantity. So we research of concentrate instrument of natural gas C 3-C8 hydrocarbons. It can collect natural gas sample in the well site, in th e same time we establish new method that can effective analyze natural gas C3- C8 hydrocarbons. It can provide scientific basis for the components simple of natural gas, the gas-source Correlation difficulty of a new train of though and method.
According to the steady-state catalytic model for the origin of light hydrocarb on proposed by Mango, 2,4-/2,3-dimethylpentane ratio is a pure temperature par ameter. Bement and Mango et al. established the functional equation between the light hydrocarbon temperature parameter and the burial temperature and applied i t to the calculation of hydrocarbon-generating temperature, which provide a new choice for oil maturity research. In this paper, the generating temperature of hydrocarbons from the Melut Basin are calculated, the result indicate that oil m aturity in the block 3 and 7 is the lowest, the block 4 is the highest, and the block 6 is in the middle.
The hydrogen isotopic composition of biogenic methane is closely related to the methanogenesis pathway and hydrogen isotopic composition of the coexisting water . Different scholars put forward different linear relational expression of δDCH4 and δDH2O. Whiticar etc. (1986) put forward linear relational expression δDCH4＝δDH2O－180‰ for carbonate reduction pathwa y and δDCH4＝0.25δDH2O－321‰ for acetate fermentation pathway . The application of these two relational expressions is the most extensive. Bio genic gases resources of our country are abundant. The hydrogen isotope research of different kinds of biogenic gases can offer important scientific information for exploration and development of gas resources. The hydrogen isotopic composi tion of thermal generation gases is influenced by the environment and maturity o f the source rock mainly. The combination of carbon and hydrogen isotopic compos ition can offer a more message about generation and reservoir. More and more sch olars focus on the study of the role of water in oil/gas generation. The researc h is comparatively weak in hydrogen isotope of inorganic gas. Generally speaking , δDCH4 of inorganic gases is relatively weight than organic gases. The progress of the analytical technology of hydrogen isotope is one of the driving force of promoting the hydrogen isotope research. New analytic technology (GC/T C/IRMS) realizes analyzing online, and have improved the precision of the hydrog en isotope analyses, bring new opportunity and challenge to research of the hydr ogen isotope of natural gases.
with the techn ical development of the inclusion analysis technique, application of the inclusi on in oil-gas geology is more and more extensive. This technique has been used to research the history of the pool charging in home and abroad now. It is more advantageous in renew the history of the pool, because it aim at the compositio n of the palaeo-reservoir. The intention of the paper is to discuss the problem s inanalytical process of this technique, and to put forward some question shoul d been noticed in analytical process, and to point out that only by been based t he actual geology, and combined with others methods, this method will be used co mprehensively in the research of oil and gas geology.
Researched on the natural gas of Tertiary in BaoShan，LuLiang and QuJing basin i n YunNan province ,we can conclude that the methane's proportion is more than 97 % in component of hydrocarbon,especially that of three samples of LuLiang basin all above 99.4%，it belongs to typical biogas. Light hydrocarbon's distribution has some traits as follows：it is very normal in BaoShan basin and a little in Q uJing basin, while it is difficult to detect in LuLiang basin; Light hydrocarbon composition is mainly composed of Cycloalkane and Alkane in BaoShan basin , the content of branch-alkane is more high in Alkane; The composition of Light hydr ocarbon in the C 7 range is dominated by Cycloalkane which is consisted of Dime thyl cyclopentane(about 50%)，Methyl cyclohexane (30%~40%), n-heptane(about 10%), so it can be concluded that natural gas root in the type Ⅱ.At the same ti me, the natural gas in QuJing comes from type Ⅲ because the content of Methyl c yclopentane in QuJing basin is higher than that of BaoShan basin through the con trast of Light hydrocarbon in the C7 range. So we can identify the generation resource of natural gas and estimate the maturity by use of the light hydrocarbo n index correctly.
Dehui fault depression has been explored for more than forty years, while less b reakthrough has been made since 1990s,so it is significantly to deep understand the geochemical character and origin of deep natural gas to the next exploration .Studying on its components and carbon isotopes , with the research on geologic al condition, show that: carbon dioxide is organic origin, shallow dry gases in Nongan gas-field are formed correlating with fractionation duing vertical migra tion and overpressure in Quan No.3 interval in mudstone besides parent materials , but dry gases from the Yingcheng and Shahezi formations origin from high matur e source rock, gases can be subdivided into petroliferous gases, coal derived ga ses, hybrid gases and biogenic gases according to the types of parent material a nd the second one is the major part. It is also believed that part normal mature gas which has not been destroyed and abundant high mature gas accumulate in the Yingcheng and Shahezi formations ,and large-scale gas reservoir may be formed in these formations for their enough hydrocarbon source.
The study on the oil-prone & gas-prone of coals is the pop field in oil-deriv ed coal research. The paper, taking Santanghu basin for example, attempt to com bine the new and traditional method to research the oil-prone & gas-prone of J urassic coals, thus draw better result. It is mentioned that the new method have many advantages than traditional ones. We may adapt it to our exploration and d evelopment.
Thermal simulation experiments has carried out on mudstone, marlite and limeston e, three kinds of typical Ordovician source rock samples, from foreland basin of western Ordos, not only revealed the evolve process and characteristics of hydr ocarbon generation indoors but also provided important parameter for calculation the amount of hydrocarbon generation in this region. According to the results, mudstone has the greatest potential yield of gas hydrocarbon, up to 527 m3/tTOC, next marlite, 512 m3/tTOC, and limestone has the poorest, o nly 267 m3/tTOC; the yield of gas hydrocarbon is tightly correlated wi th the thermal maturity of source rock, higher thermal evolution degree is advan tageous to gas hydrocarbon generation; the yield of liquid hydrocarbon of the th ree experimental samples are all low, the peak of oil generation is obscure, and the liquid hydrocarbon curve present as the shape of tundish, which could be co rrelated with evolution stages and lower content of organic matter.
Ying'er Depression has three sets of hydrocarbon and source rock(K1z, K1 g, K1c), among them，the effective hydrocarbon and source rock is only K1g and K1c. The crude oil has medium-sized density, high wax cont ent and medium-sized freezing point. Through oil source correlation, we should put K1g and K1c source rock as the goal of exploration, the oil gas of higher maturity has migrated to ying'bei 1 well but not Changshaling structu ral belt, the exploration should approach the petroleum generative depression.
This paper introduces sand-control troubles that restrict efficient exploitation of Sebei Gas Field (SGF).Through comprehensive utilizations of sand-stacilization, sand-consolidation and sand |control technologies, the HRWP and fibered Frac-Pack technologies are showed t he optimization solutions for sand-control jobs of high-clay fine siltstone in SGF. These two technologies have been implemented on 47 wells until now. Most o f wells after sand-control job, with the average gas-production increase of 40 percents ,and the maximum effective period up to 3 years. These data show that these two technologies can meet the sand-control demand of the fine-siltstone reservoir and the demand of further promoting well production.
Three types of reservoir area model including incised channel,lonely channel and sheet-like sandbody and four types of profile model including incised chann el, lonely channel and sheet-like sandbody and composite model are determined i n Pu53 reservoir. According to the characteristics of different model, through n umerical simulation, the remaining oil distribution and oil well production char acter are discussed, which will help the remaining oil prediction in the actual reservoir and development adjusting.
The common oil-gas mixtures phase b ehavior study ignores the influence of formation water,which is classical but no t considering the strong polar material.For the existing of polar material water , the condensate oil-gas mixtures phase behavior study with rich gaseous conden sate water is different from the common phase behavior study.In the process of s tudy with rich gaseous condensate water,the oil and gas reservoir is under abnor mally high temperature and pressure which could influence the choice of experime ntal facilities,the design of experimental process flow. And the traditional the rmodynamics models should be adapted. With more and more natural gas exploited i n deep reservoir,some special condensate gas reservoirs with rich gaseous conden sate water in abnormally high temperature and pressure are emerging continuously . When the formation under the condition of high temperature, more and more bott om water, edge water and active porous water will coexist with condensate gas in vapor.If we still use conventional behavior study ways in such special condensa te gas reservoirs,it will result in many errors in producing methods,engineering design and performance analysis.This paper presented the methods and meaning of phase behavior study with rich gaseous condensate water,in the meantime,present ed a Calculation model of gas-liquid-liquid 3-phase equilibrium of condensate oil-gas mixtures with rich gaseous condensate water.
Reservoir st ochastic modeling is a new method for characterizing the heteroigeneties integra ting multi-disciplines knowledge.The mehod can divided into two categories,the object-based method and pixel-based methods.The boolean algorithm belongs to o bject-based method and its improvements are introduced,including the difference s of the probability distribution on the wells and inter-wells,modeling multipl e rocks,modeling the undulating objects,integrating seismic information,modeling object which is projected by multiple wells.modeling the interaction of differe nt object with Gibbs distribution and using hierarchical object-based method(Fl uvsim) which is based on line model. The article also intoduces the multiple-po int statistics which belongs to pixel-based methods.The modeling result shows t he multiple-point statistics is more reasonable compareing to the traditional two-point statistics. The multiple-point statis tics also get some progresses in dealing with stationary problem,tcontinuity of the object,the choice of data template and integration of seismic data. Final ly the author point out that the future work will focus on three aspects,that i s the function which depicts the interation of different objects,the priori prob ability,the extraction of modeling parameters and the evaluation of realization.
According to the theory of profit and loss,the calculating method of gas reservoir’s abandonment gas production rate is studied.On the base of the gas production rate,the abandonment pressure is also obtained.The result of application of the method in gas reservoirs shows it’s good.
In initial stages of oil reser voir exploitation, Baiyushan area of Jing'an oil field has a good effect of oil production test and output. At present some high water-bearing wells are drille d, and production test is only oil flowers in the northwest and east of oil fiel d. Why have they so big difference in oil-bearing properties in main band of di stributary channel? Based on simulation experiment of pool-forming to model the process of oil and gas migration and accumulation, the paper posted the regular ity of oil and gas enrichment in this area. It concluded that west areas have po or oil potential, due to western tilt and low structure, while east is an advant ageous area of oil and gas enrichment. As a result of fracture development, big intensity of technology improvements may lead to appearance of high water-beari ng area, which offer a certainly guidance to oil and gas progressive exploitatio n of Baiyushan .
The heterogeneity of reservoirs in Yaoyingtai oil field is severe.The reservoirs are characterized by low porosity,especially low-superly low permeability,micr oscopic throats,moderate water-blocking damage(with an average damage level up to 40.4%).The analysis of influence factors about water-blocking damage suggest s that the higher the tension between oil and water,the higher the water saturat ion of outside fluid including drilling liquid which intrude reservoirs,the lowe r the permeability,the higher the degree of water-blocking damage.The results of experiments suggest that raising the discharge speed,reducing the intrude dep th of outside fluid including drilling liquid,raising the driving pressure gradi ent during water driving can lighten the degree of water-blocking damage.The pr oper way which removes water-blocking damage may be the way of using acidify or acidify combined with rend,and it can increase the permeate ability of reservoi rs.At the same time,using the low capillary pressure working liquid and strength ening the discharge of itself can reduce the second water-blocking damage.
The partial pressure maintenance is used to develop the Yaha ric h gas-condensate reservoir in Tarim Oilfield. In recent years, the test reporte s of pressure show that the reservoir pressure for interpretation of pressure bu ild-up test data is higher than that for interpretation of pressure
build-down test data. As a result, it is hard for reservoir engineeres to analy ze performance. Through analysis, The reason of this phenomena is got. On the ba sis of analyzing the test reportes of the Yaha gas-condensate reservoir, by the theory of the well interference ,the testing pressures was revised in order to get correct reservoir pressure. In this paper, the question of how to confirm,co rrectly, the reservoir average pressure of the Yaha gas-condensate reservoir w as solved, effectively.
Tarim's HaDe thin-sand reservoir which is na med margin reservoir is a double-layer, super-deep, super-thin,particular-low-abundance reservoir. If we adopt normal methods to exploit, we can not have any economic benefit, but if we adopt double-step horizontal wells , it can increase drainable area greatly,enhance individual well producing rate, achieve the Tarim Oil fields exploiting rule of“wide spacing, high producti on”.According to the exploiting-dynamic-tracing research, double-step horiz ontal wells have good adaptability for the stable distributed deep zone double- layer banding margin reservoir of all the area, exploiting effect is very good, economic benefit is obvious. According specialists appraise, the utilizing of the double-step horizontal wells in exploiting Tarims HaDe thin-sand reservo ir attained the technique standard of “international leading, domestic classic ”.
At present some producing oil wells ar e experiencing rapid increase of water-cut and serious production decline which are caused by bottom water conning in both carbonate and sandstone reservoir of the Tahe oilfield, water-cut quickly raising is one of the main reasons for th e serious production decline in the Tahe oilfield. Through detailed analysis wat er conning mechanism and study those technologies of avoiding and eliminating wa ter conning at domestic and overseas, a great deal of work has been carried out on the basis of practical performances of the Tahe oilfield. We have acquired so me achievement and established characteristic techniques about avoiding and elim inating water conning in the Tahe oilfield.
The experimental research of formation process of methane hydrate in frozen soil is very important to comprehend the formation and existing mechanisms of na tural gas hydrate in frozen porous media, and also very meaningful to estimate t he climate change and environment change in permafrost areas. The experimental r esearch of formation process of methane gas hydrate in frozen coarse-grain sand by computerized tomography (CT) is expatiated on in this article. It was proved in the experiment that CT could describe the formation process through the way of CT-value which is closely related to the formation of methane hydrate, moist ure migration and density change. The formation of methane hydrate can be observ ed by computation of CT images in different time, and the pressure would decreas e evidently with the generating of phase transition heat in this process. The es timation of methane hydrate formed could be influenced by the absorption coeffic ient coarse-grain sand because of its high density, but the other information, such as the changes of pressure and temperature, and CT image can be used to hel p to judge clearly the formation of methane hydrate in freezing coarse-grain sand.
THF hydrate is similar to natural gas hydrate regarding to some properties. Furt hermore, comparing with the rigorous condition for generating natural gas hydrat e, which requires low temperature and high pressure, the formation environment o f tetrahydrofuran(THF) is comparatively mild. At atmospheric pressure, it can be generated at around 0 ℃ (the balance temperature is 4.4 ℃). This text analyze s the formation process and condition of THF with experiment observation and stu dies the kinetics law for THF formation at different temperature and consistency . Furthermore, it combines the process of diffusion and reaction, and adjusts th e exponent of mass transfer crystallization area. With the liquid consistency fo rmula, this text specifies the bulk liquid consistency of the module and thus de velops a theory module of kinetics and verifies it.
Based on drilling well, log and seismic data, with the introduction of microfaci es, the author systemically studied the microfacies in horizon and vertical of Q ianjiang Formation, Lower Tertiary, Xinnong, Qianjiang Depression of Jianghan Ba sin. Study shows that there are two main sediment origins and one sub-sediment origin. One of the main sediment origins, which come from NE, forms a fan-delta sandstone body, and the other main sediment origin, which comes from NW, forms a delta sandstone body. The sub-sediment origin, which comes from SSW, forms a little delta sandstone body. All these delta sandstone bodies mainly composed of fluvial channel, channel bar and plain sand. On the background of nose-uplift and slope, many subtle traps are formed in this area. With the existing oil expl oration result, the author think there are good subtle reservoir potential in th e study area.
The Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) is an intergovernmental organization whose mission is to facilitate and c oordinate the implementation of applied geoscience programmes in East and Southe ast Asia. To this end, CCOP promotes capacity building, technology transfer, exc hange of information and institutional linkages for sustainable resource develop ment, management of geo-information, geo-hazard mitigation and protection of t he environment. This Paper reviewed the petroleum Exploration and Production sta tus quo of ten member countries in East and Southeast Asia in 2004-2005.
This paper discusses systematically the basic conception of gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution such as dissolution rate, solubility and s o on based on plenty of datum;the paper analyses deeply the basic principles of gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution such as the theory of f luid transportation, dissolving mechanism of rock salt and so on; the paper dicu sses detailed the influence factor of gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution. The work can offeri the theoretical foundation and decision mean s for designing and producing the storehouse of gas storage of rock salt in wate r dissolving, so that people can design and produce scientifically and Rationally.
Briefed Shenzhen vehicle development present situation,used the tendency extrapolated method city comparison analytic method and the classification separately has forecast 2010-2020 year Shenzhen’s vehicle.Finally,has forecasted the vehicle oil gas demand.
Due to converted shear wave have lower velocity than P wave and the fluid in the medium have no action to converted shear wave. The near surface model for conve rted shear wave is different from that for P wave. The static of converted shear wave become more important and serious than P wave in converted shear wave seis mic data processing. In this article，first，use firstbreak time of P wave to ob tain the near surface model；second，pick the firstbreak time difference between P wave and converted shear wave by cross correlation；then，calculate the stati c of converted shear wave．We use the real 3D converted wave seismic data in the SLG area． As it shows in this paper, the problem of converted shear wave stati c is solved perfectly．We suggest that this method may be widely used in convert ed shear wave seismic data processing．
The conditions for shallow gas are perfect in Liaohe oilfield. For the historic reason, less importance has been put to shallow gas, which leaves extensive scop e for finding the potentiality of the developed oilfield. The cognition of the s hallow gas is confined by irregularity of log information and particularity of s hallow gas because conventional log parameters are not sensitive enough to the s hallow gas. Based on available data, three applicable and suitable methods are a dopted to recognize shallow gas in several areas through effectively amplifying the hydrocarbon bearing information, which sufficiently develops shallow gas pot entiality and raise the reserve and yield of natural gas that facilitates the na tural gas prospecting and development in Liaohe oilfield. The remarkable effects demonstrate that the methods' practicability is good.
Seismic data in complex area contains varieties of abundant disturbing waves tha t badly affect the imaging of the data. Now, the best way for noise attenuation is to introduce different noise attenuation methods to diverse disturbing wave, among which the subtraction has more thorough-paced result.Band-filters are c ommonly used in full frequency domain to eliminate regular noise in conventional processing. But the frequency of the reflection waves and the noise are overlap ped. So the reflection waves would be damaged inevitably. Such process will lea d to the loss of the low frequency divisions. The method introduced in this pap er introduces frequency division theory in data processing. It divides the seism ic signal into several sections of different frequency divisions, and only proce sses the section that has affluence noise with model-restrained subtraction noi se attenuation method. Thus not only can it wipe completely out the noise, but preserve the reflection waves, and sequentially improves the ratio of signal-t o-noise. The examples show that the method is practicable and effective.
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