Natural Gas Geoscience

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The evolution model and sealing of reverse fault in clastic strata

Yan Cheng-long,Wang Hai-xue,Fu Xiao-fei,Song Xian-qiang,Wu Tong,Gong Lei,Wang Wei-an   

  1. 1.College of Earth Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;
    2.CNPC Fault Controlling Reservoir Research Laboratory,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;
    3.Accumulation Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas,State Key Laboratory Cultivation
    Base Jointly-constructed by Heilongjiang Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;
    4.No.4 Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.,Daqing 163511,China
  • Received:2017-11-06 Revised:2018-03-04 Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10

Abstract:

In order to establish the reverse fault evolution model in clastic strata,on the basis of systematic observation and experimental analysis of the fault on the western margin of Qaidam Basin,combined with the research of the evolution of fault from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects,the internal structure and lateral sealing ability of different scale fault zones were analyzed.The results show that the evolution of fault zone has three stages:(1) When fault throw is minor,the fault is the “one factor” structure,it consists of damage zone and slipping surface;(2) When fault throw is moderate,the fault is the “two-factor” structure,it consists of damage zone and fault core,the fault core is filled with fault gouge and fault breccia;(3) When fault throw is large,the fault core is filled with fault gouge only.When a certain fault throw is reached,the fault begins to have certain sealing ability,the larger the fault scale (throw),the greater the content of the fault gouge,the higher SGR,the greater the lateral sealing ability of the fault.

Key words: Clastic rock, Fault, Dual structure, Fault gouge, Breccia belt, Sealing

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.1

[1]Schlische R W,Young S S,Ackermann R V,et al.Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults[J].Geology,1996,24(8):683-686.
[2]Scholz C H,Dawers N H,Yu J,et al.Fault growth and fault scaling laws:Preliminary results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2012,98(B12):21951-21961.
[3]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(4):974-1002.
[4]Fu Xiaofei,Xu Peng,Wei Changzhu.Internal structure of normal fault zone and hydrocarbon migration and conservation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(6):200-212.
付晓飞,许鹏,魏长柱,等.张性断裂带内部结构特征及油气运移和保存研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(6):200-212.
[5]Fu Xiaofei,Shang Xiaoyu,Meng Lingdong.Internal structure of fault zone and oil/gas reservior in low-porosity rock[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(6):2428-2438.
付晓飞,尚小钰,孟令东.低孔隙岩石中断裂带内部结构及与油气成藏[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(6):2428-2438.
[6]Micarellli L,Benedicto A,Wibberley C A J.Structural evolution and permeability of normal fault zones in highly porous carbonate rocks[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(7):1214-1227.
[7]Gray M B,Stamatakos J A,Ferrill D A,et al.Fault-zone deformation in welded tuffs at Yucca Mountain,Nevada,USA[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(10):1873-1891.
[8]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Development of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone[J].Pure & Applied Geophysics,1978,116(4/5):931-942.
[9]Hesthammer J,Fossen H.Uncertainties associated with fault sealing analysis[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2000,6(1):37-45.
[10]Tondi E,Antonellini M,Aydin A,et al.The roles of deformation bands and pressure solution seams in fault development in carbonate grainstones of the Majella Mountain,Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(3):376-391.
[11]Fossen H,Schultz R A,Shipton Z K,et al.Deformation bands in sandstone:A review[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2007,164(4):755-769.
[12]Medrano F J,Andreu J M,Gorbunoff M J,et al.Analysis of faulting in porous sandstones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5(1):19-31.
[13]Antonellini M A,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:Petrophysical properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(3):355-377.
[14]Kim Y S,Peacock D C P,Sanderson D J.Fault damage zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(3):503-517.
[15]Agosta F,Aydin A.Architecture and deformation mechanism of a basin-bounding normal fault in Mesozoic platform carbonates,Central Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(8):1445-1467.
[16]Wu Chan,Yan Cunfeng,Li Haibing,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the western Qaidam Basin and its constrain on the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(6):2211-2222.
吴婵,阎存凤,李海兵,等.柴达木盆地西部新生代构造演化及其对青藏高原北部生长过程的制约[J].岩石学报,2013,29(6):2211-2222.
[17]Fu Suotang,Ma Dade,Guo Shaojie,et al.Strike-slip superimposed Qaidam Basin and its control on oil and gas accumulation,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration & Development,2015,42(6):778-789.[HJ2.1mm]
付锁堂,马达德,郭召杰,等.柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):712-722.
[18]Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Dai Junsheng,et al.Regional fault systems of Qaidam Basin and adjacent orogenic belts[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,14(1):65-72.
汤良杰,金之钧,戴俊生,等.柴达木盆地及相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):676-682.
[19]Wang Yadong,Zhang Tao,Chi Yunping,et al.Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2012,3(2):175-187.
王亚东,张涛,迟云平,等.柴达木盆地西部地区新生代演化特征与青藏高原隆升[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):141-150.
[20]Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Shi Xin,et al.Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history[J].Science in China,2006,49(9):947-959.
贾承造,何登发,石昕,等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(5):412-420.
[21]Fang Shihu,Song Yan,Jia Chengzao,et al.Timing of cenozoic intense deformation and its implications for petroleum accumulation,northern margin of Tianshan orogenic belt,northwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):205-214.
方世虎,宋岩,贾承造,等.天山北缘晚新生代快速变形时间的确定及其成藏意义[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):207-216.
[22]Fang Xiaomin,Song Chunhui,Dai Shuang,et al.Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and basin evolution[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(1):230-242
方小敏,宋春晖,戴霜,等.青藏高原东北部阶段性变形隆升:西宁、贵德盆地高精度磁性地层和盆地演化记录[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):230-242.
[23]Wu Zhenhan,Wu Zhonghai,Hu Daogong,et al.Geological evidences for the Tibetan Plateau uplifted in late oligocene[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(5):577-587.
吴珍汉,吴中海,胡道功,等.青藏高原渐新世晚期隆升的地质证据[J].地质学报,2007,81(5):577-587.
[24]Fu Suotang.Key controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin and its implications for favorable exploration direction[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):373-379.
付锁堂.柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):373-379.
[25]Chester F M,Logan J M.Composite planar fabric of gouge from the Punchbowl fault,California[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,9(5/6):621-634.
[26]Chester F M,Evans J P,Biegel R L.Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas fault[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B1):771-786.
[27]Sibson R H.Fault Rocks and Fault Mechanisms[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1977,133(3):191-213.
[28]Weber K J,Mandl G J,Pilaar W F,et al.The role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and trapping in Nigerian growth fault structures[C]//Offshore Technology Conference Houston.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1978:2643-2653.
[29]Anderson J L,Osborne R H,Palmer D F.Cataclastic rocks of the San Gabriel fault:An expression of deformation at deeper crustal levels in the San Andreas fault zone[J].Tectonophysics,1983,98(3):209,240-247,251.
[30]Fu Xiaofei,Li Wenlong,Lv Yanfang,et al.Quantitative estimation of lateral fault seal and application in hydrocarbon exploration[J].Geological Review,2011,57(3):387-397.
付晓飞,李文龙,吕延防,等.断层侧向封闭性及对断圈油水关系的控制[J].地质论评,2011,57(3):387-397.
[31]Robertson E C.Continuous formation of gouge and brecia during fault displacement[C]// Society of Mining Engineers of AIME.California:American Rock Mechanics Association,1982:397-404.
[32]Aviles C A,Scholz C H,Boatwright J.Fractal analysis applied to characteristic segments of the San Andreas fault[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1987,92(B1):331-344.
[33]Hull J.Thickness-displacement relationships for deformation zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1988,10(4):431-435.
[34]Fu Suotang,Xiao Ancheng,Wang Liqun.Typical Structural Dection of Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
付锁堂,肖安成,汪立群.柴达木盆地典型构造剖面[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[35]Smith D A.Theoretical considerations of sealing and non-sealing faults[J].AAPG Bulletin,1966,50(2):363-374.
[36]Lv Yanfang,Ma Fujian.Controlling factors and classification of fault seal[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earthscienceedition,2003,33(2):163-166.
吕延防,马福建.断层封闭性影响因素及类型划分[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(2):163-166.
[37]Fu Xiaofei,Zhao Pingwei.The study of fault sealing mechanism and main influencing factors[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1999,10(3):54-62.
付晓飞,赵平伟.断层封闭机理及主要影响因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,1999,10(3):54-62.
[38]Lindsay N G,Murphy F C,Walsh J J,et al.Outcrop studies of shale smears on fault surfaces[M].The Geological Modelling of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogues,Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,2009:113-123.
[39]Bouvier J D,Kaars-Sijp C H,Kluesner D F,et al.Three-dimensional seismic interpretation and fault sealing investigations,Nun River Field,Nigeria[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(11):1397-1414.
[40]Fristad T,Groth A,Yielding G,et al.Quantitative fault seal prediction:A case study from Oseberg Syd[J].Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications,1997,7(97):107-124.
[41]Yielding G.Shale gouge ratio:Calibration by geohistory[J].Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications,2002,11(2):1-15.
[42]Yielding G,Freeman B,Needham D T.Quantitative fault seal prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(6):897-917.
[43]Knipe R J.Juxtaposition and seal diagrams to help analyze fault seals in hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(2):187-195.

[1] Zhao Wen-tao,Jing Tie-ya,Wu Bin,Zhou You,Xiong Xin. Controlling mechanism of faults on the preservation conditions of shale gas:A case study of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Southeast Chongqing [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(9): 1333-1344.
[2] Dong Hong-kui,Li Hong-hui,Du De-dao,Chen Yong-quan,Yan Wei,Wang Shan. Structural characteristics and evolution of the Tumsheg fault belt,Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(7): 951-960.
[3] Liu Xiao-bing,Wen Zhi-xin,Wang Zhao-ming,He Zheng-jun,Song Cheng-peng. Structural characteristics and main controlling factors on petroleumaccumulation in Zagros Basin,Middle East [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(7): 973-981.
[4] Ma De-bo,Zhao Yi-min, Zhang Yin-tao,Yang Peng-fei,Yang Min,Li Lei. Application of maximum likelihood attribute to fault identification:A case study of Rewapu block in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin,NW China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(6): 817-825.
[5] Yang Min,Zhao Yi-min,Yan Lei,Li Hong-hui,Zhang Xin-xin,Xu Zhen-ping,Luo Hao-yu. Structural features of the eastern Qiulitage Tectonic Beltand petroleum geological significance [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(6): 826-833.
[6] Ni Bin,Tang Liang-jie,Li Meng,Song Zhi-hua. Structural characteristics,formation mechanism and petroleum geologicalsignificances of East Niaoshan fault zone,Tarim Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(6): 834-844.
[7] Wang Ying, Deng Shou-wei, Fan Jing, Zou Xiao-pin, Yang Jing. Natural gas geology,resource potential and favorable exploration direction in the south of Songliao Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(10): 1455-1464.
[8] Zhou Jie,Zhu Ji-tian,Yang Jin-hai,Jiang Ru-feng,Zhang Yan,Gan Jun,Sun Zhi-peng. Characteristics of faults and their implication to gas geology in Baonan step-fault zone in deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(1): 87-95.
[9] Ding Bo-zhao,Zhang Guang-rong,Chen Kang,Geng Wei,Zhu Xing-hui,Fan Chang. Genesis research of collapsed-paleocave systems in Sinian carbonate strata in central Sichuan Basin,SW China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(8): 1211-1218.
[10] Song Ming-shui,He Ni-qian,Yang Shao-chun,Zhao Yong-fu,Ouyang Li-ming,Niu Hai-rui. Study on the fracture distribution pattern of volcanic rock in thrust fault developed zone [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(7): 989-999.
[11] Shi Xin-pu,Shi Quan-dang,Liao Wei,Hou Xiang-yang,Gao Hui,Li Jiang-bo. High resolution processing on seismic data and fault interpretation: Case study of Well Ke 022 zone Carboniferous,Zhongguai Uplift,Junggar Basin,China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(6): 882-887.
[12] Zhang Da-zhi. Characterization of microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs through nitrogen adsorption experiment: Case study of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(6): 898-908.
[13] Wu Chuang,Yin Hong-wei,Yu Chang-qing,Pi Jing-yun,Wu Zhen-yun,Wang Wei,Zhang Jia-xing. The structural accumulation mechanism of the natural gas hydrates in Muli region of Qinghai Province:Revelation from physical simulation experiment [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(5): 771-784.
[14] Ni Xiao-ming,Li Zhi-heng,Wang Yan-bin,Wu Jian-guang. Favorable sections optimization about coalbed methane on developing fault blocks in central of Qinshui Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(4): 602-610.
[15] Kang Hai-liang,Lin Chang-song,Niu Cheng-min,Ye Dong-qing,Zhuang Xing-yan. Faulting structure styles and their depositional filling response of thePaleogene margin of Shaleitian uplift,western Bohai Sea area [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(2): 254-261.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!