渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沉积环境和古生产力对优质烃源岩形成的控制

doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.07.005

Abstract

Abstract:

The formation of high-quality source rocks is affected by many factors. It is of great significance to recognize the differences of controlling factors of different types of source rocks for accurately predicting the "sweet spot" of shale and improving the efficiency of unconventional oil and gas exploration. In this paper, we selected four source rocks （Es₃^z， Es₃^x， Es₄^cs， Es₄^cx） in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Niuzhuang Sag of Dongying Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, and carried out thin section, pyrolysis, and major and trace elements analyses to discuss the differences in controlling factors of source rock formation in each member. Es₃^x and Es₄^cs source rocks, which are developed in deep-water brackish and deep-water brackish environments, respectively, have higher TOC and are dominated by type Ⅱ₁-Ⅰ aquatic organic matter. Es₄^cx and Es₃^z source rocks, which is deposited in shallow water brackish evaporation and shallow water brackish environments, respectively, have lower TOC and are dominated by typeⅢ-Ⅱ₁ terrigenous organic matter. The level of paleoproductivity is as follows: Es₄^cs> Es₄^cx > Es₃^x > Es₃^z.Source rocks in each member have differences in organic matter, environment and productivity. The enrichment degree of organic matter is proportional to paleoproductivity, salinity and water depth, and is not affected by redox conditions. The high productivity is the key factor, when productivity is higher （Es₄^s and Es₃^x），the further enrichment of organic matter is obviously controlled by the environment: under the deep water and desalination environment （Es₃^x）， salinity is the main restriction factor of the formation of organic matter; In the saltwater environment（Es₄^cs），the controlling effect of water depth is prominent. In the low productivity shallow water desalinated lake basin （Es₃^z） environment, the paleoproductivity, salinity and water depth have obvious control on organic matter development, which reflects the common control of multiple factors on organic matter and the differences of controlling factors on organic matter enrichment in source rocks of different strata. Therefore, in addition to productivity and preservation conditions, attention should also be paid to environmental factors such as salinity and water depth, as well as the coupling between multiple factors, which is of great significance to deepen the understanding of the development law of source rocks and guide unconventional oil and gas exploration.

Key words: Dongying Sag, Source rock, Sedimentary environment, Elemental buried flux, Paleoproductivity

CLC Number:

TE122.1⁺13

Wei DUAN, Xiang ZENG, Jingong CAI, Zheng LI, Changxuan WANG, Ru LIN. Control of sedimentary environment and paleoproductivity on the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin: Case study of the Shahejie Formation in Niuzhuang sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022, 33(11): 1754-1767.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Pyrolysis parameters of organic matter of every member in Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag"

层位	Es₃^z	Es₃^x	Es₄^cs	Es₄^cx
样品数量	164	81	428	66
TOC/%	$0.40 ~ 4.36 1.60$	$1.53 ~ 13.49 4.26$	$0.66 ~ 13.04 3.43$	$0.28 ~ 6.84 2.13$
I_H/（mg/g）	$53 ~ 586 266.92$	$135 ~ 733 523.65$	$119 ~ 682 449.33$	$31 ~ 337 192.74$
I_O/（mg/g）	$10 ~ 367 62.10$	$6 ~ 83 27.17$	$5 ~ 314 48.14$	$18 ~ 471 141.58$
T_max/℃	$388 ~ 446 436.30$	$430 ~ 523 440.77$	$409 ~ 449 439.17$	$371 ~ 442 425.29$

Table 1

Fig.4

Table 2

Partial element test data of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag"

层位	Es₃^z	Es₃^x	Es₄^cs	Es₄^cx
样品数量	159	78	413	59
Al/%	$4.28 ~ 11.19 8.77$	$2.97 ~ 9.81 5.82$	$0.56 ~ 10.45 4.94$	$0.28 ~ 10.24 4.82$
K/%	$0.86 ~ 2.72 2.00$	$0.58 ~ 2.27 1.18$	$0.11 ~ 2.50 1.12$	$0.07 ~ 3.36 1.49$
P/%	$0.04 ~ 0.18 0.08$	$0.05 ~ 0.18 0.08$	$0.03 ~ 0.61 0.12$	$0.02 ~ 0.23 0.08$
V/10^-6	$71.64 ~ 148.19 104.85$	$57.71 ~ 175.03 99.23$	$26.02 ~ 187.29 97.42$	$11.59 ~ 139.00 68.42$
Ni/10^-6	$19.16 ~ 63.00 38.60$	$21.81 ~ 105.68 38.92$	$10.38 ~ 133.39 37.97$	$6.41 ~ 81.01 27.73$
Rb/10^-6	$47.95 ~ 143.49 105.59$	$33.82 ~ 149.37 76.38$	$6.69 ~ 151.52 68.88$	$3.09 ~ 146.35 68.08$
Sr/10^-6	$227.14 ~ 903.56 514.01$	$443.92 ~ 5 ? 032.17 1565.38$	$432.20 ~ 10 ? 609.90 1956.63$	$406.02 ~ 17 ? 888.29 2577.12$
Zr/10^-6	$89.73 ~ 256.24 139.19$	$46.34 ~ 183.25 87.15$	$12.89 ~ 130.03 70.98$	$13.59 ~ 145.60 72.56$
Ba/10^-6	$565.02 ~ 1 ? 299.78 781.98$	$497.05 ~ 1 ? 112.24 680.64$	$101.57 ~ 2 ? 105.18 566.60$	$50.09 ~ 1 ? 714.38 438.60$
La/10^-6	$27.16 ~ 54.25 39.64$	$14.11 ~ 48.10 28.54$	$4.53 ~ 55.22 25.28$	$3.16 ~ 45.33 22.78$
Ce/10^-6	$53.40 ~ 111.33 79.80$	$29.05 ~ 95.58 57.30$	$8.59 ~ 110.54 50.26$	$6.49 ~ 93.93 46.35$
B/10^-6	$4.24 ~ 53.70 21.75$	$0.97 ~ 67.47 19.44$	$1.85 ~ 193.59 25.67$	$0.03 ~ 180.14 46.37$
Ga/10^-6	$38.00 ~ 74.60 50.21$	$25.50 ~ 56.58 37.03$	$5.97 ~ 71.56 28.67$	$2.86 ~ 51.36 23.74$

Table 2

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 3

Paleoenvironmental index data of every member in Shahejie Formation"

层位	Es₃^z	Es₃^x	Es₄^cs	Es₄^cx
B/Ga	$0.07 ~ 0.77 0.43$	$0.02 ~ 1.46 0.53$	$0.07 ~ 2.18 0.94$	$0.01 ~ 7.17 1.98$
Sr/Ba	$0.28 ~ 1.15 0.66$	$0.07 ~ 3.91 2.14$	$0.07 ~ 7.86 3.89$	$0.22 ~ 14.34 5.55$
Ce/La	$1.92 ~ 2.09 2.01$	$1.89 ~ 2.11 2.01$	$1.87 ~ 2.11 1.99$	$1.89 ~ 2.15 2.03$
Ce_amon	$- 0.038 ~ - 0.012 - 0.026$	$- 0.038 ~ - 0.015 - 0.026$	$- 0.044 ~ - 0.013 - 0.028$	$- 0.051 ~ - 0.008 - 0.027$
Mo_EF/U_EF	$1.98 ~ 8.20 3.02$	$0.89 ~ 5.69 3.45$	$0.73 ~ 11.31 3.58$	$0.61 ~ 12.40 3.01$
Rb/K	$44.38 ~ 61.85 52.82$	$49.73 ~ 76.21 63.95$	$50.51 ~ 73.18 61.50$	$37.05 ~ 52.98 49.05$
Zr/Al	$11.96 ~ 20.24 16.06$	$11.94 ~ 17.96 15.22$	$10.96 ~ 20.42 15.50$	$11.95 ~ 24.18 19.40$

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.7

Fig.8

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层位	样品数	ρ/（g/cm³）	LSR/（cm/ka）	BAR/［g/（cm²?ka）］	MAR（P_bio）/［mg/（cm²?ka）］
层位	样品数	ρ/（g/cm³）	LSR/（cm/ka）	BAR/［g/（cm²?ka）］	主要范围	平均值
Es₃^z	164	2.48	9.13	22.64	8.67~15.56	12.32
Es₃^x	81	2.48	10.80	26.78	14.46~22.14	18.39
Es₄^cs	428	2.48	11.00	27.28	16.05~27.29	25.93
Es₄^cx	66	2.48	11.00	27.28	11.97~25.05	18.94

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Control of sedimentary environment and paleoproductivity on the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin: Case study of the Shahejie Formation in Niuzhuang sag

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