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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 843-859.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.01.016

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Analysis on carbonization distribution and main controlling factors of organic matter in marine shale in Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Yuman WANG1(),Guoqi WEI1,Junjun SHEN2,Zhen QIU1,Xinjing LI1,Qin ZHANG1,Leifu ZHANG1,Canhui WANG2,Wen LIU1   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，Beijing 100083，China
    2.Yangtze University，Wuhan 430100，China
  • Received:2021-12-24 Revised:2022-01-27 Online:2022-06-10 Published:2022-06-28
  • Supported by:
    The PetroChina Scientific and Technological Project(2021DJ1904);the Marine Shale Gas Selection Project of PetroChina Exploration & Production Company(kt2018-01-06)

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Abstract:

The distribution and main controlling factors of organic matter carbonization points （zones） of over-mature marine shale are important issues for shale gas exploration. This paper focuses on the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery. Based on the detailed anatomy of key carbonization areas， predictions of shale organic matter carbonization areas and regional mapping of thermal maturity are carried out to explore and reveal the distribution and main controlling factors of the carbonization zones of organic matter in the two sets of shales.Four preliminary conclusions were obtained：（1）In the Lower Silurian shale distribution area，there are four organic matter carbonization zones，namely，eastern Sichuan-western Hubei， nor-thwestern Hubei，southern Sichuan and Renhuai-southwestern Chongqing，covering an area of nearly 40 000 km2，of which the main part of the western carbonization zone in southern Sichuan is located in the Emei basalt distribution area. （2）In the Lower Cambrian shale distribution area， the organic carbonization area accounts for more than 80%. The non-carbonization area is only distributed in Weiyuan-Ziyang， Moxi-Gaoshiti， Changyang and Weng'an-Zhenyuan with an area of about 62 600 km2. （3）The Emei igneous rock event was an extreme heat event in the Late Permian， which increased the thermal maturity RO value of the Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian shale in the western part of southern Sichuan by 0.2%-0.4% and 0.2%-1.0%， respectively. Mabian-Ebian is located in the high-value area of the Emei basalt thickness， and is also the area with the highest degree of carbonization of organic matter in the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shale. （4）The main controlling factors of organic matter carbonization of the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shale have similarities and differences. The main controlling factor of the former is the long-term deep burial background， and the extremely thermal event in the Late Permian only made the degree of carbonization in some areas more serious.The latter’s main controlling factors are relatively complex， and are controlled by deep burial background in the three regions of Renhuai-southwestern Chongqing， eastern Sichuan-western Hubei， and northwestern Hubei. In western Sichuan， it was controlled by deep burial background and high ground temperature in Late Permian.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, Lower Cambrian, Lower Silurian, Thermal maturity, Carbonification of organic matters, Low resistance response, Emei igneous rock province

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig.1

Distribution map of thermal lithosphere thickness and important data points in Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 2

Stratigraphic comprehensive column of Longmaxi Formation in Heizhugou section， Ebian"

Fig.3

OM laser Raman spectras in typical carbonization zones of Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan"

Table 1

Thickness statistics of Emei volcanic rocks in western part of southern Sichuan"

区块上二叠统火山岩厚度/m参考资料
绥江—永善221~341文献［11］
盐津295~345文献［12-13］
屏山50~100文献［14］
天宫堂100~150文献［15］
沐川120~160文献［16］
峨边250~350文献［14］
马边360~700文献［17］
雷波430~560文献［17］
威信石子沟300文献［18］
珙县西81.2文献［11］
水富160文献［11］

Fig. 4

Stratigraphic comprehensive column of Wufeng Formation - Longmaxi Formation in Well JYT1 in southwestern Chongqing"

Table 2

Longmaxi Formation test data of Well JYT1 in southwestern Chongqing"

井深/mTOC/%测井电阻率/（Ω·m）实验测试项目
干样电阻率/（Ω·m）核磁孔隙度/%拉曼RO/%
4 314.94.296.5~7.542.14.0（3.49~3.57）/3.52
4 317.03.935.8~6.532.44.2（3.47~3.54）/3.51

Table 3

Geologic parameters of Longmaxi Formation in main carbonization zones in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions (according to Refs.[7,20])"

井号/剖面区块埋深/mTOC/%拉曼RO/%孔隙度/%自然伽马 /API电阻率 /（Ω·m）含气量/（m3/t）有机质炭化程度保存条件
LY1鄂西2 790~2 8301.1~6.03.56~3.73

（1.90~4.77）

/2.76

150~2700.1~0.90.13~0.48严重炭化

盆外向斜区，

保存条件较好

HY1鄂西2 142~2 1661.5~5.33.80~4.00150~270

（0.01~0.30）

/0.2

微气严重炭化

盆外向斜区，

保存条件较好

X202川东北1 965~1 9890.5~6.43.48~3.51

（2.40~8.78）

/3.85

145~3003~71.38~3.00， 试产为微气弱炭化盆外褶皱带，龙马溪组具自封盖性，保存条件中等
TY1川东>3 9002.0~5.03.50~3.55150~350（2~6）/4微气，压力系数 小于1弱炭化

盆地内，保存

条件好

YYY1

川南

西部

2 900~3 0701.9~9.03.6~3.9120~2500.12~0.3<0.2严重炭化

盆内向斜区，

保存条件较好

Y201

川南

西部

3 500~3 6603.60~3.801.2160~3000.6~2严重炭化

位于盆地内，

保存条件好

RY1仁怀4 030~4 0551.9~6.53.50~3.60

（0.50~2.30）

/0.74

180~2501.8~8.00.51弱炭化

盆地内，保存

条件好

城口

明中

川东北露头1.7~6.1

（0.26~2.63）

/0.80

180~521弱炭化

位于盆地外，

保存条件差

巫溪

白鹿

川东北露头1.9~8.0

（0.66~1.58）

/1.05

180~310弱炭化

位于盆地外，

保存条件差

Table 4

Geologic parameters of Lower Cambrian shale in key outcrop sections and wells in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery"

剖面/钻井区块层位地层厚度 /m埋深/m富有机质页岩基本地质参数有机质激光拉曼谱参数孔隙度/%含气量/（m3/t）有机质 炭化程度
厚度/mTOC/%

测井电阻率

/（Ω·m）

峰间距/cm-1峰高比拉曼RO/%
马边大风顶川南西部麦地坪组>402248.95~256.661.6~1.88（4.62~4.94）/4.70严重炭化
永善务基川南西部筇竹寺组37728（0.56~4.83）/2.80246.01~259.941.00~1.47（3.92~4.48）/4.20严重炭化
N206川南筇竹寺组2101 680~1 89440（1.90~7.11）/3.300.1~2.0（3.86~4.09）/3.90

（1.43~2.01）

/1.66

无气严重炭化
遵义松林中南村黔北筇竹寺组40>30（0.31~12.79）/4.92265.39~268.230.76~0.783.64~3.67严重炭化
湄潭梅子湾黔北牛蹄塘组>3223（1.08~7.17）/4.03266.810.713.40未炭化
瓮安永和黔北牛蹄塘组135111（0.56~8.26）/5.39256.870.673.10未炭化
镇远青溪黔北牛蹄塘组>11052.5（0.85~13.06）/4.92262.550.693.44未炭化
松桃响水洞黔北牛蹄塘组>100>30（1.34~12.01）/7.65263.97~272.480.78~0.89（3.67~3.80）/3.70严重炭化
古丈默戎湘西牛蹄塘组217>50（1.72~7.87）/5.4262.18~274.800.83~0.87（3.72~3.77）/3.75严重炭化
鹤峰白果坪鄂西水井沱组>200>30（1.38~9.11）/4.54249.56~253.770.94~1.10（3.86~4.04）/3.95严重炭化
峡东王家坪鄂西水井沱组26.6617.3（0.88~4.68）/3.33250.97~259.380.62~0.632.9~3.2未炭化
长阳白竹岭鄂西水井沱组152.355（1.23~9.06）/4.10274.80~277.610.67~0.703.55~3.58弱炭化
YT2鄂西水井沱组595 001~5 06033.0~6.03.50~3.55微气显示弱炭化
巫溪长丈村川东北筇竹寺组>200269.74~278.260.70~0.77（3.58~3.65）/3.62严重炭化
城口新军村川东北筇竹寺组300155（0.27~6.01）/2.23268.00~274.000.62~0.71（3.48~3.58）/3.53弱炭化
WT1川东北筇竹寺组1207 172~7 292241.2~2.03.60~3.80<2无气严重炭化
南江沙滩川北筇竹寺组>21041（1.00~4.78）/3.16271.16~272.580.73~0.80（3.52~3.69）/3.60严重炭化
广元东溪河川西北筇竹寺组>500>170（1.74~3.43）/2.81241.34~244.181.10~1.42（4.04~4.42）/4.32严重炭化
JT1川西北筇竹寺组3747 045~7 41970.1~0.8>3.7%严重炭化
绵阳锄巴沟川西麦地坪组>80>10264.14~266.340.55~0.683.40~3.55弱炭化

Fig. 5

OM laser Raman spectras of Lower Cambrian shale in key blocks in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery"

Fig. 6

RO distribution of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery"

Fig. 7

RO distribution of Lower Cambrian shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery"

Fig. 8

The relationship between RO of marine shale and the thickness of Emei igneous rock in west part of southern Sichuan"

Fig.9

Hydrocarbon inclusions of Longmaxi Formation in Changning area"

Fig.10

Buried history map of stratas in Changning and its periphery"

Fig.11

Buried history map of stratas in eastern Sichuan-western Hubei（modified according to the Refs.［28-29］）"

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