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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 720-730.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.07.011

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Development characteristics and main controlling factors of deep clastic reservoir of Xiaganchaigou Formation in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin

Jixian TIAN1(),Baoqiang JI2,Xu ZENG1,Yetong WANG3,4,Yaoliang LI3,Guoqiang SUN3   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Langfang 065007，China
    2.Shixi Operation District，Xinjiang Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Karamay 834000, China
    3.Northwest Institute of Eco?Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
  • Received:2021-04-23 Revised:2021-06-22 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-05-12
  • Supported by:
    Prospective and Fundamental Major Scientific and Technological Project of CNPC(2021DJ0605)

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Abstract:

The northern margin of Qaidam Basin is low in exploration degree and has high resources potential. In order to determine the characteristics and controlling factors of deep sandstone reservoir in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, a comprehensive study on the reservoir of the Xiaganchaigou Formation in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin was carried out by using the cast thin section, scanning electron microscope, physical property data and logging data. The results showed that the deep reservoir in Qaidam Basin of Xiaganchaigou Formation is mainly composed of feldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic arkose, good separation, grinding medium, with relatively high composition maturity and structural maturity. The primary pores were developed, porosity and permeability are well correlated, with average porosity and permeability up to 10.7% and 25.74×10-3 μm2. The pore throat was medium to slants thin, with good connectivity. Subaqueous distributary channel sand and shore-shallow lake mat sand are the basic conditions for forming excellent reservoirs in braided river delta front. In the early diagenesis stage, the content of carbonate cement is less than 15%. In the early diagenesis stage, it is buried shallowly for a long time, and in the late diagenesis stage, it is buried deep quickly, which was effectively protecting the primary pores. Some feldspar particles and early carbonate cement were dissolved in the later stage of diagenesis, forming a certain amount of dissolution pores in and between grains, and improving the reservoir petrophysical properties to a certain extent. A large set of thick mudstone is developed in the upper and lower part of the reservoir sandstone. In the process of sedimentation-diagenesis and rapid burial, the pore fluid in the reservoir rock is blocked out and stays in the pore space. Abnormal high pressure zone developed by braided river delta of Xiaganchaigou Formation in Paleogene is a favorable zone for natural gas exploration and development in the central area of northern margin of Qaidam Basin

Key words: Carbonate cementation, Abnormal pressure, Sedimentary environment, Deep reservoir, Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2

Fig.1

The sedimentary facies and deep source（a） and reservoir-caprock assemblage（b） of the Xiaganchaigou Formation in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin"

Fig.2

Reservoir sandstone structure and diagenesis characteristics"

Fig.3

Probability plot of sandstone grain size in the study area"

Fig.4

Rock types of deep reservoir sandstones in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig.5

Porosity and permeability characteristics of deep reservoirs in the Xiaganchaigou Formation in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig.6

Curve graph of mercury injection of deep reservoirs in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig.7

Carbonate cement content and porosity distribution characteristics of Lenghu No.7 area in Qaidam Basin"

Fig.8

Relationship between carbonate cement content and porosity"

Fig.9

Logging display of abnormal high pressure zone in Well Bei 1 and corresponding petrographic variation under microscope"

Fig.10

Sedimentary facies section and favorable reservoir prediction map of the interbedded well of Lulehe Formation-upper member of Ganchaigou Formation in Wells Han2-Eshen1-Xianxi1-Xian3"

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