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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1514-1531.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.05.011

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Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion quantification and hydrocarbon accumulation contribution of multiple source beds in Yanchang Formation， Ordos Basin

Jingwei CUI1,2(),Zhongyi ZHANG3,Jianliang LIU4,Guanglin LIU3,Xiu HUANG1,2,Yalin QI3,Zhiguo MAO1,2,Yang LI1   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，Beijing 100083，China
    2.CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs，Beijing 100083，China
    3.Research Institute of Exploration and Development，PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company，Xi'an 710018，China
    4.School of Geosciences，China University of Petroleum，Qingdao 266580，China
  • Received:2021-04-09 Revised:2021-05-11 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-10-21
  • Supported by:
    The National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(ZX201705001);the Technology Project of Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina(2019-168)

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Abstract:

There are several sets of source rocks in Yanchang Formation of Mesozoic in Ordos Basin. At present， Chang 7 source rock is considered to be the main source rock of Yanchang Formation， but there is a lack of evaluation methods for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of other source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation contribution of source rocks. By means of basin simulation and based on a large number of basic geological data and exploration results， the geological body model and thermal history model are established to carry out the simulation research on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion and accumulation of multi-source layers in Yanchang Formation under geological constraints. The results show that the hydrocarbon generation conversion rate of each source rock in Yanchang Formation is mainly distributed in 45%-75%， which still has great hydrocarbon generation potential and has the geological conditions for the in-situ exploitation of shale oil. At present， the accumulative hydrocarbon generation is 123.3 billion tons and hydrocarbon expulsion is 90 billion tons， which is dominated by heavy hydrocarbon of C14+. The hydrocarbon generation period and hydrocarbon expulsion period were concentrated in the Early Cretaceous， accounting for 68%-82% of the total hydrocarbon generation and expulsion amount. The simulation of hydrocarbon accumulation revealed that there was only a small amount of hydrocarbon charging in each layer of Yanchang Formation before the deposition of Cretaceous， and the early Cretaceous was the key period of hydrocarbon charging and accumulation. The upper and lower hydrocarbon source layers are characterized by “near source accumulation”， and the basin simulation results are in good agreement with the proven oil reservoirs and the predicted distribution range of oil reservoirs. The study proposed for the first time that the model of “Chang 7 main source rock multi-layer three-dimensional exploration” will be extended to the model of “multiple source rock near-source accumulation” to boost the exploration of shale oil and new layers in the Yanchang Formation of Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin.

Key words: Source beds, Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, Contribution to reservoir formation, Basin model, Shale oil, Ordos Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig.1

Distribution of tectonic units（a），east-west stratigraphic section（b）,stratigraphy and petroleum systems（c）in Ordos Basin"

Table 1

Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic division, sedimentary and denudation stages in Ordos Basin"

地层沉积时间/Ma剥蚀时间/Ma
系统组段亚段开始结束开始结束
第四系2.6※0※
白垩系下统志丹群145＃96＃96§2.6§

侏

罗

系

上统芬芳河组155.7＊150.8＊150.8§145§
中统安定组164.7＊161.2＊161.2§155.7§
直罗组167.7＊164.7＊
延安组175.5＊167.7＊
下统富县组183＊175.5＊

三

叠

系

上统

延

长

组

长1208.5※206206§183§
长2215208.5
长3220215
长4+5227※220
长6长61229227
长62231229
长63237231
中统长7长71237.3237
长72237.6237.3
长73238.5237.6
长8长81239238.5
长82240239
长9长91240.3240
长92241240.3
长10242＃241

Fig.2

Source rock thickness of Yanchang Formation in the study area"

Table 2

Statistics of geochemical data of source rocks in each layer of typical wells"

井号层位TOC/%Tmax/℃S1/（mg/g）S2/（mg/g）S3/（mg/g）
JF75长60.5~8.11.8(32)430~448440(32)0.1~4.00.9(32)0.4~22.14.4(32)0.4~2.10.8(32)
长70.8~9.44.7(297)413~450439(297)0.7~5.52.9(297)1.6~36.214.6(297)0.1~2.60.5(297)
长80.1~15.91.8(65)437~477452(65)0~4.40.3(65)0.1~46.13.3(65)0.1~0.60.2(65)
长90.3~13.42.5(18)443~464450(18)0~3.10.4(18)0.1~38.84.8(18)0.1~0.40.2(18)
长100.2~1.00.7(3)452~454453(3)0~0.10.1(3)0.1~0.70.4(3)0.2~0.20.2(3)
SD81长60.444480.060.320.12
长70.4~6.12.8(45)441~452448(45)0.1~4.31.5(45)0.2~25.49.4(45)0.1~0.20.2(45)
长80.4~6.32.6(16)444~453448(16)0.1~1.60.6(16)0.4~20.97.5(16)0.1~0.30.2(16)
长90.7~29.26.9(41)446~454449(41)0.1~8.42.0(41)0.4~91.420.4(41)0.1~0.30.2(41)
长100.1~5.11.1(18)446~467456(18)0~0.90.1(18)0.1~11.81.3(18)0.1~0.30.2(18)

Fig. 3

Relationship of different types organic carbon recovery coefficient and maturity"

Table 3

Organic geochemical characteristics of different types of kerogen"

干酪根类型有机组分有机碳/%H/CIH/（mg/g）
Ⅰ腐泥型>3%1.6600~900
Ⅱ腐泥腐殖型>2%1.3300~600
Ⅲ腐殖型变化范围大0.9100~300
ⅡS腐泥型（含硫）>3%1.5300~600

Fig.4

Distribution characteristics of current organic matter content (TOC) of each small layer source rock of Chang 7 member in the study area"

Fig.5

Distribution of thermal evolution degree of Chang 7 Member source rocks in Ordos Basin"

Fig.6

Evolution history of the bottom temperature of Chang 7 Member oil Formation, Ordos Basin"

Fig.7

Current hydrocarbon generation conversion rate of Yanchang Formation source rocks in the study area"

Fig.8

Difference and comparison of hydrocarbon components of Yanchang Formation source rocks in different periods in the study area"

Fig.9

Cumulative hydrocarbon generation of each source rock in Yanchang Formation in different periods in the study area"

Fig.10

Hydrocarbon saturation in various geological periods of Yanchang Formation in different periods in the study area"

Fig.11

Percentage of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks at different horizons in total hydrocarbon generation at different periods"

Fig.12

Effect of different denudation thickness on hydrocarbon generation time"

Fig.13

Hydrocarbon expulsion of each set of source rocks in the study area during geological history"

Fig. 14

Comparison of simulated oil saturation distribution and current oil and gas exploration effect of Yanchang Formation reservoir in Ordos Basin"

Fig.15

Comparison between oil and gas accumulation simulation results and actual exploration in Longdong district"

Fig. 16

Influence degree of Chang 9， Chang 8 and Chang 7 members source rocks on hydrocarbon charging and accumulation of each member of Yanchang Formation， Ordos Basin （now）"

Fig.17

Contribution rate of Chang 9， Chang 8 and Chang 7 members source rocks to oil and gas enrichment in each member of Yanchang Formation， Ordos Basin"

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