Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1501-1513.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.04.009

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Characteristics, formation stages and development model of fractures in Yanchi area, Ordos Basin

Xiaozhou SHAO1,2,3(),Miaomao WANG4(),Xiao HUI2,3,Shumin WANG2,3,Xiaolei ZHANG2,3,Yalin QI2,3   

  1. 1.College of Energy Resources,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
    2.National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low?Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi’an 710018,China
    3.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China
    4.School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
  • Received:2021-01-07 Revised:2021-04-11 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-10-21
  • Contact: Miaomao WANG E-mail:shxzh1@163.com;wmmcugb@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(2016ZX05050);the Major Science and Techndogy Projectsof CNPC(2016E-0501)

Abstract:

Fracture is the main reservoir space and migration channel, so study of its characteristics and stages is helpful to clarify the distribution law of fracture and has important guiding significance for the development plan later. Based on the data of outcrop, core, imaging logging, carbon and oxygen isotope, fluid inclusion and rock acoustic emission, the characteristics, formation stage and distribution law of sandstone reservoir fractures in Mesozoic were studied in Yanchi area of Ordos Basin, including Yan'an Formation and Yanchang Formation. The results show that the fractures are well developed in Yanchi area, most of which are vertical and high angle structural fractures. The fracture length is 0.1-0.2 m, the fracture density is generally less than 0.2 m-1, the fracture is mainly filled with calcite, and the effectiveness is good, main direction is NE-SW, and there are some NW fractures, the average dip angle is 76.2°, and there is little difference in each layer. The formation period of Yanchang Formation fractures can be divided into three stages: Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan, while the formation of fractures in Yan'an Formation was influenced by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement, and the formation of fractures in sandstone reservoir is consistent with the main tectonic movement, and the model of fracture development is established in Yanchi area. In Indosinian epoch, NW and NE trending shear fractures were developed under the action of nearly NS trending stress; in Yanshanian epoch, NW and NE trending fractures were developed under the influence of NW trending stress; in Himalayan epoch, NEE and NE trending fractures were developed under the action of NE trending stress, and the fractures formed in earlier stage were also reformed by the later tectonic movement.

Key words: Fracture characteristics, Formation stage, Development model, Yanchi area, Ordos Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2

Fig.1

Structural location and stratigraphic distribution of the study area"

Fig.2

Fracture characteristics in core and thin section"

Fig.3

Identification of fracture by imaging logging"

Fig.4

Fracture characteristic parameters of Yan'an and Yanchang formations"

Fig.5

The fracture filling characteristics"

Fig.6

Histogram of residual hydrocarbon from pyrolysis of Yan 8 Member sandstone in Well Yan 251"

Fig.7

Fracture staging and matching relationship of Yanchang Formation"

Fig.8

Homogenization temperature in fractures(a) and burial thermal evolution(b) in Yanchi area"

Fig.9

Distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes of fractured calcite veins"

Table 1

Isotopic analysis data of fracture fillings in Yanchi area"

分类时期描 述氧同位素/‰碳同位素/‰形成温度/℃形成埋深/m
一期印支垂直缝方解石充填物-10.32-12.4734257
二期燕山斜交缝方解石充填物-14.26-4.13681 271
三期喜马拉雅垂直缝方解石充填物-17.58-14.821142 623

Fig.10

Acoustic emission experimental curves of rock"

Fig.11

Stress distribution of different tectonic movement periods in Ordos Basin"

Fig.12

Fracture formation model in Yanchi area"

Fig.13

Schematic diagram of fracture strike and"

Fig.14

Petroleum migration model in Yanchi area(revised according to Ref.[11])"

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[2] . GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERS AND ORIGIN OF THE THERMAL FLUIDS IN CHANGN AN BLOCK OF MUD DIAPIR ZONE IN YINGGEHAI BASIN[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(1): 108 -113 .
[3] .  [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 1999, 10(6): 9 -15 .
[4] DAI Jin-xing. ENHANCE THE STUDIES ON NATURAL GAS GEOLOGY AND FIND MORE LARGE GAS FIELDS IN CHINA [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003, 14(1): 3 -14 .
[5] . TYPES OF CONDENSATED GAS RESERVOIR WITH OIL RIM AND EXPLORATION TARGET IN BANQIAO SAG[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003, 14(4): 271 -274 .
[6] YANG Chun ; LIU Quan-you ;MI Jing-kui ;ZHOU Qin-hua ;HU An-ping . Discussion about the CO2 Origin in Associated Gasfrom Daqing Placanticline, Songliao Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2008, 19(2): 244 -249 .
[7] WANG Dong-Lin, WANG Huai-Zhong, ZHENG Zhen-Ying, SHI Bing-Jian, CAO Guo-Ming, WANG Ya-Jie, YU Xin. Multi-parameter Seismic Attributes and Prediction of  Sandstone Distribution in Shahejie Formation of Kongnan Area[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2010, 21(4): 678 -682 .
[8] TONG Kai-Jun, ZHAO Chun-Ming, ZHANG Ying-Chun, HE Xin-Rong. Adaptability and Development Suggestion of Barrier Water Flooding for Reservoir with Big Gas Cap and Thin Oil ring[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(3): 566 -570 .
[9] DENG Jin-Hui, WU Jiang, ZHOU Xin-Fu, WEI Gang. Reservoir-forming Periods of JZ25 Hydrocarbon Reservoir in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2008, 19(4): 537 -540 .
[10] WANG Hui, LU Yi, ZHANG Zhi-Pan, CHEN Xian-Bao. Expanding Fracture Distribution of Qikou Sag in Cenozoic and Its Evolution[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(6): 1009 -1014 .