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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 836-844.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.02.012

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Theoretical technologies and practices concerning “volume development” of low pressure continental shale oil： Case study of shale oil in Chang 7 member， Ordos Basin， China

Fang-zheng JIAO()   

  1. China National Petroleum Corporation，Beijing 100007，China
  • Received:2021-01-16 Revised:2021-02-21 Online:2021-06-10 Published:2021-05-24
  • Supported by:
    The China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05069)

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Abstract:

Shale oil in Chang 7 member （Abbr. as Chang 7） mainly developed as gravity flow deposits in semi-deep to deep lacustrine environment. Compared to the marine shale rocks in North America， continental shale oil in Chang 7 is thin in single sand body， poor in lateral continuity， strong in reservoir heterogeneity， tight in its reservoir and low in formation pressure index. These characteristics made it more difficult to develop shale oil in Chang 7 and thus shale oil has driven much attention as it might be another significant superseding area for national energy safety in China. After years of research and field practice， “volume development” theory was proposed based on the unique characteristics of the shale oil in China. Guided by the theory， complex artificial fracture systems are established after multi-section fracturing in horizontal wells， and thus forms a composite flow pattern including nonlinear seepage and imbibition replacement processes between multi-sized artificial fractures and the matrix. Application of the theory has dramatically optimized the seepage environment and created “artificial oil and gas reservoir” underground， and thus established a key technology characterized with long horizontal well， short well spacing， large well cluster， stereoscopic fracture and subdivision volumetric fracturing. This technology has made commercial development of shale oil in Chang 7 possible and a demonstration area with one-million tons of annual shale oil production has been established. It also provides theoretical basis and technical support for an overall development of the continental shale oil in China.

Key words: Shale oil, Continental low pressure, Subdivision volumetric fracturing, Composite flow pattern, Stereoscopic large well cluster, Industrialization

CLC Number: 

  • TE132.2

Fig.1

The plane graph of Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin"

Fig.2

The core graph of Chang 7 member from Well Cheng 96"

Table 1

Fracture characteristics and volume fracturing difficulty level under different difference of two horizontal principal stresses"

（σH－σh） /MPa裂缝特征体积压裂实现难度
>10单条裂缝难度大，改造体积小
5~10以单条裂缝为主体积压裂有一定难度，改造体积不大
<5体积裂缝体积压裂容易，改造体积大

Fig. 3

Downhole microseismic monitoring result of Well NP9"

Fig. 4

T2 relaxation time spectrum of Chang 7 member core imbibition nuclear magnetic resonance from Well L281"

Table 2

The comparison chart of imbibition and displacement recovery degree about different permeability"

岩样渗透率 /(10-3 μm2)最终采出程度/%渗吸采出程度/%驱替采出程度/%渗吸对采出程度的贡献/%
M10.972.223.049.231.8
M20.270.827.343.538.6
L30.0961.125.036.140.9

Table 3

The reservoir classification standards of Chang 7 member shale oil horizontal section"

品质评价参数I类II类III类
储层品质黏土含量/%<25<35<40
孔隙度/%>106~10<6
含油饱和度/%>7050~70<50
工程品质最小水平主应/MPa<3030~34>33
脆性指数/%>5040~50<40
破裂压力/MPa35~4138~4440~47

Fig. 5

The shale oil production compared chart of hori-zontal wells with different well spacing in Longdong area"

Fig.6

Fracture propagation simulation diagram of different cluster spacing about shale oil horizontal well in Longdong area"

Fig.7

The relationship chart of shale oil horizontal wells closed time and formation pressure coefficient in Longdong area"

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