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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 1548-1561.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.08.007

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Characteristics and main controlling factors of Ordovician deep subsalt reservoir in central and eastern Ordos Basin

Ling FU1(),Jian-zhong LI1,Wang-lin XU1,Wei GUO2,Ning-xi LI1,Yue-qiao ZHANG1,Wei SONG1,Yuan-shi SUN1   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development，Beijing 100083，China
    2.PetroChina Changqing Oil Field Branch Company，Xi’an 710018，China
  • Received:2020-07-20 Revised:2020-08-19 Online:2020-11-10 Published:2020-11-25

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Abstract:

In recent years， the sub-salt dolomite reservoirs in the Ordovician strata of the Ordos Basin have indicated good exploration results and are expected to have a high hydrocarbon potential. This study targets the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs below the salt rock of the Ordovician in the central and eastern Ordos Basin and investigate the reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of high-potential reservoirs by combining core observations， cast slabs， scanning electron microscopy， physical property analysis and mercury injection data. The results show that the Ma 3 reservoirs are dominated by gypsum-bearing dolomite deposited in evaporation environments， whereas the Ma 4 reservoirs are dominated by calcite dolomite under transgressive environment. The types of Ma 4 reservoir space mainly include dissolved pores （dissolved holes）， intra-crystalline pores， intra-crystalline dissolved pores and microcracks. The types of Ma 3 reservoirs space mainly include microcracks， gypsum mould pore dissolved pores （dissolved holes）， and intergranular pores. The pore structures of reservoirs are complex. The capillary pressure curves can be divided into four types， including dissolved pore type， intra-crystalline （dissolved） pore type， microcrack type， and micro-porous type. Based on available information， the average porosity of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs are 2.1% and 2.3%， respectively， and the average permeability values are 0.19×10-3 μm2 and 0.22×10-3 μm2， respectively. The central paleo-uplift， Wushenqi secondary paleo-uplift and Shenmu low uplift controlled the sedimentary facies and favorable lithofacies distributions. Sedimentary microfacies control rock fabric， and the rock fabric affect physical properties of the reservoirs. The limestone and dolomite reservoirs with gypsum and sand cutting texture have relatively good physical properties. Diagenesis is also a key factor in the development of sub-salt reservoirs. Intra-crystalline pores are mainly formed under various dolomization mechanisms. The surficial and buried diagenetic environments facilitate the formation of a large number of secondary pores， such as dissolved pores （dissolved holes）， intra-crystalline dissolved pores， gypsum mould pores. In addition， the Yanshan tectonic activity played a key role in the development of reservoir microcracks. The microcracks can significantly improve reservoir physical properties. We favor that the tectonic setting， rock fabric， diagenetic and microcrack alterations collectively determine the storage capacity of the sub-salt reservoirs and thus are the main controlling factors for the formation of high-quality reservoirs.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Sub-salt reservoirs, Reservoir space, Diagenesis, Paleo-uplift, MicrocrackFoundation items： The National Key R&D Program of China（Grant No. 2018YFC0603706）, The National Science and Technology Major Project of China（Grant No.2016ZX05004）, The Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Exploration and Production Company（Grant No. kt20180401）

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig.1

Locations of study area and major structural units in the Ordos Basin(a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation(b) in central and eastern part of the Ordos Basin"

Fig.2

Lithological association profile from east to west of the Majiagou Formation in central and eastern part of the Ordos Basin[see Fig.1(a) for the profile position]"

Fig.3

Petrologic characteristics of Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs"

Table 1

The mineral compositions of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs below the salt rock strata"

层位岩石组分/%样品数/块
方解石白云石硬石膏铁方解石硅质长石类伊利石黄铁矿石英
马三段2.659.731.00.41.00.40.30.20.1159
马四段57.637.90.80.00.30.00.20.00.0299

Fig.4

Reservoir space types and content distributions of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs"

Fig.5

Microscopic characteristics of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs space"

Table 2

Characteristic parameters of pore-throat structure of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs（according to mercury intrusion data）"

层位孔隙度 /%

渗透率

/(10-3 μm2)

均值偏态

分选

系数

中值压力

/MPa

中值半径

/μm

排驱压力

/MPa

最大进汞饱和度

/%

退汞效率

/%

样品数 /个
马三段3.90.1510.90.02.625.00.021.555.326.89
马四段3.30.2113.50.21.218.70.042.585.429.73

Fig.6

The types and characteristics of the rock pores of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs"

Fig.7

The properties and permeability values of the Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs"

Fig.8

East-west seismic profile in central and eastern part of the Ordos Basin (see Fig.9 for the G16-13 profile location)"

Fig.9

Reservoir thickness and structural superposition map of the Ordovician Ma 3-Ma 4 reservoirs in central and eastern part of the Ordos Basin"

Fig.10

Sedimentary model of the Ordovician Ma 3-Ma 4 members in the Ordos Basin"

Fig.11

Diagenetic environment model of the Ordovician Ma 3-Ma 4 members in the Ordos Basin"

Table 3

Thickness of fracture layer of the Ma 3-Ma 4 members（according to logging interpretation data）"

马四段陕50城川1余探1莲121莲6双131双147统79天深1高平1H那1
厚度/m2.614.511.70.912.63.310.632.22.526.9
马三段陕50城川1余探1榆9棋探1龙探2
厚度/m1.37.93.41063.8
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