Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 1717-1732.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.07.003

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Micro-occurrence of formation water in tight sandstone gas reservoir of north Tianhuan in Ordos Basin

Yang GAO1(),Shan-shan CHEN1(),Jun TIAN2,Yuan-qi SHE1,Fu-xi HUANG1,Tao SONG1,Shao-yong WANG1,Wei-ning LÜ1,Peng JIA1,Ce LIU1   

  1. 1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China
    2.PetroChina Exploration and Production Company,Beijing 100007,China
  • Received:2020-04-07 Revised:2020-07-07 Online:2020-12-10 Published:2020-12-11
  • Contact: Shan-shan CHEN E-mail:gaoyang69@petrochina.com.cn;chenshanshan69@petrochina.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    The China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001-005)

Abstract:

In this paper, the casting thin section observation, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high pressure mercury injection, constant velocity mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to study the pore-throat microstructure and formation water microscopic occurrence in the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas reservoir in northern Tianhuan. The results show that the main pore types in the reservoir of the He8-Shan1 members in the north of Tianhuan are intragranular pore, intergranular pore and residual intergranular pore, the proportions were 33%, 31% and 16%, respectively. The distribution of pore radius is between 80 μm and 300 μm, with an average of 154.18 μm, the distribution of throat radius is between 0.006 μm and 0.598 μm, the average of main throat radius is 0.552 μm. It is micron pore and nano throat controlled reservoir, and throat radius is the main controlling factor of reservoir seepage ability. Formation water has four microscopic occurrences: Bound water, capillary water, free water and adsorbed water. In the intergranular pore and dissolution pore controlled by the macro-pore throat, the mixture of gas and water was found under the low-pressure charging, with high gas content and free water, a small amount of membrane adsorption water was found under the high-pressure charging; In the intergranular pore and solution pore controlled by the small pore throat, the mixture of gas and water under the low-pressure charging presents low gas content and a large amount of capillary water, while the mixture of gas and water or pure gas under the high-pressure charging presents high gas content and a small amount of capillary water; In the intergranular pore controlled by the tiny pore throat, the low-pressure charging is pure water, and the high-pressure charging is gas-water mixture, but the gas content is low and the bound water occurs; In the intergranular micropore, pure water is the main component under low pressure and high pressure charging, which is the bound water. The cut-off values of pore throat radius of the four micro-occurrence of formation water are 0.10 μm, 0.26 μm and 0.28 μm, the cutoff permeability values are 0.21×10-3 μm2, 0.51×10-3 μm2 and 0.55×10-3 μm2, the cutoff values of porosity are 5.86%, 7.99% and 8.18%, respectively. Starting pressure gradient and pore throat less than 0.10 μm are the main controlling factors of formation water micro-occurrence and residual water saturation. In the process of natural gas accumulation, the percentage of formation water controlled by large pore throat decreases gradually with the increase of gas displacement intensity. In this study area, the free water is 50%, capillary water is 18%, bound water is 30%, adsorbed water is 2%, and residual water saturation is about 32%。

Key words: Tight sandstone, Formation water, Micro-pore throat, Gas-water relationship

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig.1

Location map of the research area"

Fig.2

Microscopic view of pore and throat types"

Fig.3

Statistical histograms of pore types"

Fig.4

Relationship between porosity and permeability"

Table 1

Information table of high pressure mercury samples"

样品编号井号埋深/m层位孔隙度 /%渗透率 /(10-3 μm2
1苏2823 855.78山1段9.611.31
2李133 863.03盒8上段7.720.82
3余43 541.6盒8上段9.391.88
4余探23 716.8盒8下段9.111.11
5李133 933.47山1段6.680.74
6苏3083 960.24盒8下段6.930.17
7忠33 499.66盒8下段6.010.33
8李204 339.43盒8上段5.710.53
9李33 929.05盒8上段7.600.23
10苏3083 959.7盒8下段4.910.10
11忠33 498.21山1段4.120.11
12余探23 707.1盒8下段5.090.59
13李123 515.6盒8上段5.010.16
14余33 664.4盒8下段8.840.48
15李123 510.94盒8上段4.910.21
16李123 622.35山1段4.790.19
17忠33 489.56盒8下段5.620.18

Table 2

Structural parameters of pore throat in constant velocity mercury injection experiment"

井号样品孔隙度 /%

渗透率

/(10-3 μm2

平均孔隙 半径/μm平均喉道 半径/μm孔喉比
李181810.80.551.07155.56162.14
忠探11911.50.881.23151.54132.77
李4207.30.561.14155.44148.16

Fig.5

Mercury pressure curve of tight sandstone reservoir of He 8-Shan 1"

Fig.6

Distribution of high pressure mercury injection throat radius"

Fig.7

Relationship between pore-throat structure and permeability"

Fig.8

Relationship between pore-throat structure and porosity"

Fig.9

Experimental analysis diagram of constant velocity mercury injection"

Table 3

Statistics of the production of Shan 1-He 8 in the northern of Tianhuan area"

层位试气井/口产水井/不同产水量井/口平均产水产水井 比例
<5 m3/d5~10 m3/d>10 m3/d/(m3/d)/%
盒8上20124804.560%
盒8下5929814714.749%
山14285301.519%

Table 4

Sample information of gas-driven water NMR"

样品编号长度/cm气测孔隙度/%空气渗透率/(10-3 μm2饱和液体气驱介质气驱压力/MPa
324.78311.50.88标准盐水氮气0~2
894.4857.210.24标准盐水氮气0~2
1044.31210.820.55标准盐水氮气0~2
1624.8377.620.13标准盐水氮气0~2
1834.7778.360.37标准盐水氮气0~2
2184.3417.310.56标准盐水氮气0~2

Fig.10

Gas-driven water NMR T2 spectra and formation water classification"

Fig.11

Changes of water saturation with gas displacement pressure"

Fig.12

Relationship between pressure gradient and gas flow variation"

Fig. 13

Gas and water microdistribution model of tight sandstone gas flooding process"

Fig.14

Relationship between starting pressure gradient, porosity, permeability and capillary water content"

Fig.15

Content relationship diagram of different types formation water"

Fig.16

Diagram of displacement pressure gradient, starting pressure gradient, porosity, permeability and residual water saturation"

Fig.17

Schematic diagram of pore types and microcosmic occurrence of formation water"

Fig.18

Cumulative probability curve of gas-driven water NMR(average of six samples)"

Table 5

NMR T2 cutoff and pore throat radius cutoff of different types of formation water"

样品T2截止值/ms孔喉半径截止值/μm
T21T22T23Rc1Rc2Rc3
322.2125.2728.790.0330.3790.432
8914.4141.2543.900.2160.6190.658
10410.7323.2924.150.1610.3490.362
1626.419.5810.270.0960.1440.154
1839.3118.5019.700.1400.2780.296
2181.092.983.340.0160.0450.050
平均值6.5117.4218.860.0980.2610.283

Fig.19

Pattern of formation water distribution in different strata"

Fig.20

Pattern of formation water distribution in Shan1 member-He8 upper member"

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