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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1375-1388.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.06.007

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Sedimentary facies and reservoir evolution divergence of Early Cretaceous sandstones in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin

Qing-lu ZENG1,2(),Rong-hu ZHANG1,2,Liang ZHANG3,Chun LIU1,2,Cai CHEN3,Jiu-feng XIA1,2   

  1. 1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development，Beijing 100083，China
    2.PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology，Hangzhou 310023，China
    3.Exploration and Development Research Institute，PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company，Korla 841000，China
  • Received:2020-05-19 Revised:2020-06-16 Online:2020-10-10 Published:2020-09-30
  • Supported by:
    The National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.2019YFC0605501);The Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC （Grant No.2019B-0304）.

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Abstract:

The Lower Cretaceous is one of the main exploration strata in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin. It is rich in oil and gas resources but has a low degree of exploration. A number of the newly deployed exploratory wells suffered losses. In order to guide the next step of exploration and deployment， using the data of outcrop， drilling， seismic and experimental analysis， the residual distribution， sedimentary system types and reservoir evolution difference of the Lower Cretaceous were studied. The results show as follows. Firstly， unlike the previous understanding of continuous belt-shaped distribution， there are four concentrated distribution areas of the Lower Cretaceous along the front of southern Tianshan Mountains and western Kunlun Mountains， which are Kashi Northern Margin， Wupper Structural Belt， Qibei Structural Belt and Kedong Structural Belt. The Lower Cretaceous is thinned and extinct from the mountain front to the interior of the basin. Secondly， under the control of ancient geomorphology， two sedimentary system types of braided delta and fan delta were developed. Among them， braided delta is dominated by delta front subfacies， and thick channel sand bodies are superimposed and contiguously distributed， while fan delta is composed of delta plain and delta front subfacies with the characteristics of thick and short-axis distribution and coarse grains. Thirdly， affected by original sedimentary components and late diagenetic transformation， the Lower Cretaceous developed two reservoir types of secondary pore type and primary pore type， and the reservoir physical properties are shown as the differential distribution of medium-low porosity and medium-low permeability to extra-low porosity and extra-low permeability. The favorable reservoirs are relatively distributed in Kashi Northern Margin and Kedong Structural Belts.

Key words: Stratigraphic distribution, Sedimentary system, Reservoir divergence, Lower Cretaceous Southwest Depression, Tarim Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE121

Fig.1

Location, structural unit and stratigraphic histogram of Southwest Depression in Tarim Basin"

Fig.2

Contour map of residual thickness of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

Table 1

The zone distribution of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

地层分区残余面积/km2主体厚度/m延伸距离/km平面展布特征岩性
喀什北缘3 300200~80030~50东西向厚度稳定，由北向南逐渐减薄褐红色厚层砂岩夹薄—厚层泥岩
乌泊尔构造带1 800400~1 20020~40存在2个厚度中心，向东北方向减薄尖灭褐色厚—巨厚层砂砾岩
棋北构造带3 100200~1 0000~60北部形成厚度集中的残余地层前锋带，边界断层以北无残余褐红色厚层砂岩和中厚层泥岩
柯东构造带4 500200~600>60东西向厚度稳定，由南由北逐渐减薄褐红色厚层砂岩和泥岩

Fig.3

The typical interpretation sections of the piedmont trust belt in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin (see Fig.2 for section locations)"

Table 2

Identification basis of dominant microfacies sand bodies of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

沉积体系微相砂体岩性典型沉积构造粒度特征纵向结构
辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道中砂岩、细砂岩交错层理、冲刷面正韵律，分选差到中等多期砂体相互叠置
前缘河口坝细砂岩、粉砂岩交错层理、平行层理反韵律，分选中等厚度小，常单独发育
扇三角洲平原水下分流河道砾岩、含砾砂岩砂质透镜体，大型交错层理正韵律，分选差逆旋回，多期砂体相互叠置
前缘水下分流河道中砂岩、含砾砂岩交错层理、变形层理、粒序层理正韵律，分选差单层厚度大，多期砂体相互叠置

Fig.4

Typical characteristics of brained delta and fan delta sedimentary systems"

Fig.5

Plane distribution of the sedimentary systems of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

Fig.6

Triangle diagram of the sandstone composition of Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

Table 3

The petrology characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

构造单元样品数量成分含量/%粒度分选磨圆

接触

类型

石英长石岩屑杂基胶结物
喀什北缘281

（45.0~74.0）

/61.2

（5.0~30.0）

/13.2

（12.0~39.0）

/25.6

（1.0~12.0）

/5.5

（0~17.0）

/5.2

中粒、细粒中等—好次棱角状—次圆点—线
柯东构造带96

（48.0~72.0）

/55.9

（10.0~27.0）

/20.5

（12.0~33.0）

/23.6

（0~12.0）

/7.6

（0~16.0）

/3.5

细粒、中细粒中等—好次棱角状—次圆点—线、线
棋北构造带54

（38.0~72.0）

/57.1

（5.0~28.0）

/16.8

（13.0~46.0）

/26.1

（0~11.0）

/6.8

（0~15.0）

/4.3

中粒、细粒中等—好次棱角状—次圆点—线、线
乌泊尔构造带101

（10.0~70.0）

/44.6

（8.0~35.0）

/17.2

（11.0~78.0）

/38.2

（3.0~16.0）

/9.7

（0~26.0）

/7.8

不等粒、中粒差—中等次棱角状—次圆点—线

Fig.7

Reservoir porosity and permeability distribution and pore types of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

Fig.8

Micro-characteristics of reservoir space"

Fig.9

Comparison chart of reservoir porosity evolution difference"

Fig.10

Prediction of reservoir thickness of Lower Cretaceous in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin"

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[1] ZHU Jun-zhang,SHI He-sheng,SHU Yu,DU Jia-yuan,LUO Jun-lian. HEATING AND PRESSING SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS OF TYPICAL SOURCE ROCKS OF ZHU 1 DEPRESSION--DISCUSSION OF MODES OF HYDROCARBON GENERATION AND EXPELLATION AND TOC RECOVERY COEFFICIENTS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(4): 573 -578 .
[2] Yang Zhan-long,Chen Qi-lin. LITHOLOGIC TRAPS AND LITHOLOGIC RESERVOIRS EXPLORATION  IN CONTINENTAL BASINS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(5): 616 -621 .
[3] . [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 1997, 8(3): 9 -17 .
[4] HONG Feng;SONG Yan;LIU Shao-bo;ZHAO Meng-jun;QIN Sheng-fei;FU guo-you. A STUDY ON THE SOURCE- RESERVOIR-SEAL ASSOCIATIONS AND MATCHING OF HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION FACTORS IN THE FORELAND BASINS IN CENTRAL-WESTERN CHINA[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18(1): 27 -31 .
[5] YANG Jian-ping,XIAO Xiang-jiao,ZHANG Feng,WANG Hai-yin. APPLICABILITY ESTIMATION OF FOUR METHODS OF CALCULATING THE DEVIATION FACTOR OF NATURAL GAS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18(1): 154 -157 .
[6] WANG Lian-sheng;LIU Li;GUO Zhan-qian;MA Zhi-hong;CHI Dong\|hui. THE DISCUSSION OF THE ORIGIN OF SULFURETED HYDROGEN IN ASSOCIATED GAS OF DAQING PLACANTICLINE[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(1): 51 -54 .
[7] LIU Quan-you;LIU Wen-hui;MENG Qian-xiang. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STERANES IN SATURATEDHYDROCARBONS FROM COAL AND EXINITE IN PYROLYSISUNDER CLOSED SYSTEMS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18(2): 249 -253 .
[8] . DEPOSITIONAL ORGANIC FACIES DIVISION OF COAL BEARING SOURCE ROCKS IN DAGANG FIELDS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003, 14(4): 260 -263 .
[9] . SHALE GOUGE RATIO AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE FAULT SEAL ESTIMATION ACROSS THE FAULTED ZONE[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(3): 347 -351 .
[10] .
THE APPLICATION OF MICRO EARTHQUAKE MONITORING THEGAS INJECTION ADVANCING EDGE IN THE YAHA CONDENSATE GAS RESERVOIR
[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(3): 390 -393 .